Bøger af Ajay Kumar

Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of the book describe proposed definition, benefits of the zero waste and Waste hierarchy . Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 deals with 3R of zero waste , Market-based campaigns & recycling. Chapter 4 describes common recyclables such as Aggregates and concrete, Batteries, Biodegradable waste, Clothing, Electronics disassembly and reclamation, Ferrous metals, Non-ferrous metals, Aluminium recycling, Glass, Paint, Paper, Plastic, Textiles, Timber .Composting and vermi-composting is explained in chapter 5 of the book. In chapters 6 to 12 the recycling of Textile, Plastic , Glass ,Paper, Aluminium, Computer and Steel is described.

The Chapter 1 of this book describes various methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles such as chemical methods, physical methods , biological methods and microooven assisted synthsis. The chapter 2 deals with properties of silver nanoparticles such as physical properties , optical properties and Silver and biological properties. Along with properties measuring silver nanoparticle concentration, plasmon resonances of metal nanoparticles, absorption and scattering by silver nanoparticles ,silver nanoparticle extinction, scattering, and absorption cross-sections & extension of the local field from the silver nanoparticle surface are also described. Chapter -3 describies silver nano particles products such as : Silver algaecides and disinfectants, silver-mpregnated water filters, silver coated medical devices, silver dressings, silver coated textile fabrics, silver- nanoparticle-embedded antimicrobial paints, antimicrobial surface functionalization of plastic catheters, antimicrobial gel formulation for topical use, antimicrobial packing paper for food preservation, silver-impregnated fabrics etc

This book covers recent advances in cyanobacterial research. It deals with diversity, evolutionary biology, stress physiology, molecular biology of stress responses, and biotechnology of this group of prokaryotes. Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous and, undoubtedly, agriculturally microorganisms in terms of carbon and nitrogen fixation. In addition, cyanobacteria have long been used to fertilize crops and are a source of protein for humans. In parallel with the advances in cyanobacterial research in the 21st century, the development and application of innovative techniques in molecular biotechnology has widened the spectrum of commercial applications and potential exploitation of cyanobacteria. This book will be of interest to both new and experienced researchers involved in cyanobacterial molecular biology, ecology, and industrial biotechnology. This collection of chapters from experts also serves as essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students of to understand the importance of cyanobacteria in agriculture, ecology, microbial physiology, and environmental sciences.

The edited volume brings out a comprehensive collection of information relevant to wild food plants, their importance for global sustainable food security, future-readiness, and resilient agriculture. The book's primary focus is to cover topics on the diversity of wild food plants across the globe, their nutraceutical importance, production-consumption trends, integration into the current food menu, and marketing and livelihood opportunities to the indigenous people. Sustainable development goals 1, 2, and 3 are significant for a poverty-free, hunger-free world and ensure good health and wellbeing of the people, respectively. The three goals are important and interlinked as achieving zero poverty will help reduce hunger among the people. Availability of nutritional and balanced food ensures good health. Wild food plants are an essential part of a nourishing and healthy diet for indigenous communities. They are globally collected from natural habitats or cultivated at more minor scales. Although consumed locally, they are an essential part of the diets of tribal and indigenous communities worldwide and hold immense potential to alleviate global hunger. Considering their importance for global sustainable food security, it is essential to clearly understand the future role of wild food plants for future readiness and resilient agriculture. Therefore, this book provides a piece of important information on these aspects. The book is a valuable resource for the audience ranging from undergraduate science students to the NGOs and institutions involved in poverty alleviation programs, policymakers, dieticians, horticulturists, plant breeders, farmers, health experts, and food enthusiasts.

Biocontrol Agents for Improved Agriculture, a volume in the Plant and Soil Microbiome series, presents both an advanced and current description of the important role of plant and soil microbiome in plant disease management. Including the latest biotechnological interventions for harnessing plant and soil microbiome and their potential in controlling plant pathogen/ disease, as well as the commercialization of biocontrol products and exploration of microbial derived bioactive compounds, this book provides an important reference on the challenges of biocontrol products. Sections explore the bacterial and fungal species successfully applied as plant and soil inoculant for the effective management of plant diseases. As these microbial biocontrol agents not only suppress the plant disease, but also enhance the growth or agricultural production in sustainable ways, the book focuses on the molecular aspect of plant- pathogen interactions and their biocontrol strategies via the use of plant and soil microbiome. This book is an important reference for those seeking sustainable, safe options for protecting against microbial agricultural loss and environmental damage.

This book highlights important aspects of food biotechnology. It is very thoughtfully divided into five sections. The first section introduces the readers to food biotechnology and discusses functional foods, use of plant and animal biotechnology in improving food quality. The second section deals with food microbiology and includes topics such as application of microbial surfactants, use of probiotics, beneficial microorganisms used in food industry etc. The third section describes important macro and micromolecules in foods. It includes chapters on food enzymes, gluten free formulations, use of biopolymers, biofortification of food and other important topics. The next section discusses novel technologies such as use of nanotechnology in food industry, reverse micelle techniques, genome editing in food crops etc. The book culminates with a section on food quality and management. It describes important topics about biosafety and regulatory issues in food biotechnology. This book is meant for students, researchers and course instructors in food science, food technology and biotechnology. It is also useful for industry experts in the area of food technology.

In the recent past, beneficial microorganisms have been sustainably used in agriculture as a safe, economic, and effective alternative to chemical fertilizers or pesticides. These beneficial microbes, including bacteria, actinomycetes, and yeast, were efficiently applied in soil, seeds, fruits, or plants as inoculants, to achieve the optimum agricultural yield. An efficient delivery method or enhanced shelf life of microbial inoculants in the soil or seed is still a matter of concern. The response of local genetic or ecological factors, after microbial applications, are also unknown and less studied. Therefore, Microbial Inoculants: Recent Progress and Applications fulfills the need to explore and learn about an efficient delivery mechanism, selection of microbial strain as inoculants, and related technological advances, for the efficient and productive use of microbial inoculants. Moreover, factors like methods of formulation, interaction between host plant and microbe, impact of inoculation on the metabolomics of plants, the effect of microbial inoculants on soil dynamics, proteomics approach of plant-microbe interaction, as well as the registration and regulation process of bio inoculants for commercial production are described in 16 chapters by the leading academicians and researchers from different parts of the world.

Inflammation is non-specific protective immune response of the host against biological, physical and chemical stimuli. In our study we evaluated the effect of methanolic extract obtained from the bark of Fraxinus micrantha for its anti-inflammatory activity. Effects of the methanolic extract of Fraxinus micrantha were evaluated on cellular responses to LPS induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. The RAW 264.7 cell line was subcultured in media containing Dulbeccös Modified Eagle¿s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). The cells were incubated with different concentrations ranging from 0.312mg/ml to 5mg/ml of methanolic extract of Fraxinus micrantha were subjected to Nitric Oxide assay and cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. Our finding revealed inhibition of nitric oxide formation takes place in a dose dependent manner. From our results we concluded that the methanolic extract of Fraxinus micrantha can be used in treatment of various inflammatory condition such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and septic shock.This book is for postgraduate and undergraduate students of Biochemistry and Immunology.

Life runs so quickly, sometimes it gives you unexpected twists and sometimes unknowns fears. Technology is evolving day by day we are also upgrading ourselves, but in this process we feel so much pressure which disturbs us physically and psychologically. To get rid of these we have to keep our mind cool and in peace.But how? This is somewhat possible by recalling the memories which we had in earlier days which gave us a happiness at that time. or get the contact withour loved ones and spend some time with them.Then Why it is need to read this book right now? While going through this book , it may takes you to a world back to school. Where each of the chapter has some specific incidents which may reflect your life also to that phase. Now we will tell you why you should read this book. If you are a child, this book tells you what you should do and what you should not and gives you a clear vision of every stage of a child. If you are an adult, then it will remind your golden memories of your childhood. For this book, we have taken opinions of different people. Mainly it will give you the learning of life. Our main motto of writing this book is to help you to learn little bit of things in life and to give you some happiness.

Microbial Biomolecules:  Emerging Approach in Agriculture, Pharmaceuticals and Environment Management explores and compiles new aspects of microbial-based biomolecules such as microbial enzymes, microbial metabolites, microbial surfactants, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive compounds and their potential applications in the field of health-related issues, sustainable agriculture and environment contamination management. Written for researchers, scientists, and graduate and PhD students in the areas of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Science and Pharmacology, this book covers the urgent need to explore eco-friendly and sustainable approaches to healthcare, agriculture and environmental contamination management.

This first volume of a two-volume work presents the manifold applications of beneficial microbes and microbiomes in plant growth promotion, in enhancing crop resilience and in control of phytopathogens through microbial antagonists. In-depth insights into latest technologies such as biopriming of seeds and soil inoculation of rhizosphere microorganisms are provided.The two-volume work "e;Microbial Biocontrol"e; introduces mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions and explores latest strategies of how microbes can be applied in biocontrol and management of plant pathogens, replacing chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The book covers different groups of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, but also the interplay of entire microbiomes, and reviews their specific benefits in crop growth promotion, in enhancing the plants' tolerance against biotic and abiotic stress as well as in post-harvest management of various plant diseases. Novel tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and microbe derived nanoparticles are also addressed besides the legal aspects of biocontrol applications.Today, rising global population and changing climatic conditions emerge as a major challenge for agronomist farmers and researchers in fulfilling the requirements of global food production. The conventional agricultural practices utilize undistributed use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enhance growth and yield of agricultural products and fresh foods, but their extensive and continuous use have led to a range of negative consequences on the food quality and safety, to environment as well as to human and animal health. Microbial biocontrol applications are presented as a solution, paving the way to a sustainable agriculture in compliance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The book addresses researchers in academia and agriculture.

The past decade has seen tremendous growth in the demand for biometrics and data security technologies in applications ranging from law enforcement and immigration control to online security. The benefits of biometrics technologies are apparent as they become important technologies for information security of governments, business enterprises, and individuals. At the same time, however, the use of biometrics has raised concerns as to issues of ethics, privacy, and the policy implications of its wi- spread use. The large-scale deployment of biometrics technologies in e-governance, e-security, and e-commerce has required that we launch an international dialogue on these issues, a dialogue that must involve key stakeholders and that must consider the legal, poli- cal, philosophical and cultural aspects of the deployment of biometrics technologies. The Third International Conference on Ethics and Policy of Biometrics and Inter- tional Data Sharing was highly successful in facilitating such interaction among - searchers, policymakers, consumers, and privacy groups. This conference was supported and funded as part of the RISE project in its ongoing effort to develop wide consensus and policy recommendations on ethical, medical, legal, social, cultural, and political concerns in the usage of biometrics and data security technologies. The - tential concerns over the deployment of biometrics systems can be jointly addressed by developing smart biometrics technologies and by developing policies for the - ployment of biometrics technologies that clearly demarcate conflicts of interest - tween stakeholders.

The cultivation of vegetables is most suitable in India like ours with preponderance of small land holdings, varied climatic conditions and surplus family labour. However, the level of profitability of the vegetable crops depends upon farm management decisions taken by vegetable growers. To study socio-economic profile, farm management decisions and problems faced by the growers in vegetable production, the research problem entitled ¿A study of farm management decisions of vegetable growers in Haryanä was undertaken covering three districts (Gurgaon, Kurukshetra and Mahendergarh), six villages and 90 vegetable growers.