Bøger af Bina Rani

Water on earth is one of the most abundant natural resources, but only about 1% of that resource is available for human consumption. It is estimated that over 1.1 billion people lack supply of adequate drinking water, due to the rising cost of potable water, growing populations, and variety of climatic and environmental concerns. The physical processes such as filtration can remove the contaminants by transforming one phase to another but producing a highly concentrated sludge, which is toxic and difficult to dispose. In the above context, there is a real requirement for more efficient and powerful technologies for treatment of municipal and industrial waste waters. This can be achieved either by development of completely new methods or by improving the existing methods through some interventions. Nanotechnology is fast advancing and currently became more effective than the conventional technologies used in water treatment that offers safe opportunities for using unconventional water supply sources. In wastewater treatment application, a variety of efficient, eco-friendly and cost-effective nano-materials have been developed having unique functionalities for potential decontamination of industrial effluents, surface water, ground water and drinking water. Therefore, the problems related to water contamination and their remediation using nanotechnological approaches are considered in this book.

Carbon is one of the most abundantly found elements in the earth's crust. It has many allotropes and each of them has proved to be useful to the mankind, and Graphene is one of these allotropes. It is a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon. It has received the attention of many researchers due to its extraordinary thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. Due to these properties, Graphene seems to have many applications in various sectors including electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and drug/gene delivery systems. These single atom carbon layers have the potential to be formed in different morphologies e.g., quantum dots, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, which can be tailored to achieve new breakthrough innovations. Nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, fullerene and its derivatives, porous carbon and graphene have been applied in energy storage applications. Carbon materials have been widely investigated for hydrogen storage due to their well-developed porosity, chemical and physical properties. In view of the above properties of miraculous Graphene, the book is emphasized to provide a scientific, academic and industrial overview on Grapgene, it's derivatives, properties, synthesis techniques, and applications in modern era.

Natural products including any material obtained from living organisms i.e. plants, microbes and animals have been essential to the growth of the organic sciences. For commercial reasons, the term "natural product" has been expanded to include cosmetics, dietary supplements, additives and food meals made from natural sources without the addition of artificial substances but can be processed chemically to obtain the final bioproducts.Plants are considered as rich source of ingredients of health and other importance which can be used in drug development and synthesis. Besides that these plants play a critical role in the development of human cultures around the whole world. Moreover, some plants consider as important source of nutrition and as a result of that these plants recommended for their therapeutic values. Therefore, they have a promising future because there are about half million plants around the world, and most of them their medical activities have not investigate yet, and their medical activities could be decisive in the treatment of present or future studies.Biocolorants or Natural pigments are the other products obtained naturally from plants, animals and microbes, characterized as Plants pigments, Animals pigments and Microbial pigments, respectively, are the current interest of the market. They are made naturally from renewable resources, are quickly biodegradable and do not produce any refractory intermediates when they are released into the environment. They are used widely, mostly in the food, dairy, printing, textile, and pharmaceutical sectors. They are an alternative to artificial colors that may be added to any food product. Due to their therapeutic qualities as well as their usage in dyeing, natural dyes and colors are becoming more and more important. The present book entails a comprehensive and a thorough review of the economically significant natural products either plant based or any other natural source based products and their bioactive constituents that can be used for various purposes commercially.

The National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi has seen rapid growth in its industrial, transportation, and housing sectors over the past decades. The population of Delhi has increased from 1.378 crore in 2001 to 1.678 crore in 2011, a decadal growth of 21.2% against a national growth rate of 17.7%. This rapid growth in population, along with the increased rate of industrialization and urbanization and the rise in motorized transport, have resulted in an increased concentration of various air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, suspended particulate matter, respirable suspended particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, benzene, hydrocarbons, etc. With rising concerns about the steep increase in air pollution in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, several factors particularly motorized transportation, construction, and stubble burning in neighboring states are being identified as contributing to this hazard.The present book includes Air Pollution impacts and control measures, Air Pollution in Mega City-Delhi NCR, understanding towards Delhi's complex Air Pollution Problem and their sources, impact of urbanization on Air Pollution in Asian Cities, Impacts of Air Pollution on the ecosystem and human health, Indoor Air Pollution sources, impact on health & remediation, recent trends in the control and improvement of Indoor Air Quality, regional and global level environmental problems of Air Pollution.

Food adulteration is a problem that affects the entire world, and underdeveloped nations are more vulnerable to it owing to a lack of rules and monitoring which takes place frequently in its most blatant form when illegal materials are replaced or added in full. Food is frequently contaminated to satisfy the demands of this expanding population and to feed the vast population because the world's population is increasing at an alarming rate. Food autoxidation and rancidity development are caused by a free radical chain mechanism. Antioxidants are chemicals that, when present in meals in small amounts relative to an oxidizable substrate, significantly slow down or stop the oxidation of the substrates present in the food. Free radicals can be quenched, decomposed, or scavenged by them. The presence of antioxidants in food is a crucial resource for the food business in order to maximize the effectiveness of these key additions. Therefore, concern knowledge is required on these concepts for understanding the adulteration, their types and detection methods as well as the role of antioxidants in food, medicine and healthcare, or to prevent or regulate oxidation in food products. The primary goal of publishing this book is to make the useful information available to anyone who is interested in it. The book includes eleven chapters which aim to present the knowledge of food adulteration and Antioxidants and various other associated concepts for Wellbeing.

India has been recognized as the Land of Spices from the dawn of time due to the cultivation of such a broad range of spice crops and represents the status of the world's one of the leading spice producers and exporters, accounting for around 25-30% of the global spice commercially. The scent, flavor and pungency of Indian spices are well-known. The present book deals with the characteristics of some important Indian spices, their usages, active components present in them along with exploring their health benefits, functional and immunomodulant properties. The toxicological aspect and adverse effects of the spices are not covered in this book