Bøger af Board on Earth Sciences

Discusses the link between basic research and societal needs, and how improvements in technology have provided opportunities for observing the processes of present-day Earth. This text examines six main areas in which the opportunities for research are especially complelling.

Examines why noninvasive characterization is important and how improved methods can be developed and disseminated. This volume makes recommendations for linking characterization and cost savings, provides information on topics such as resource management, and describes methods of characterization and prospects for technological improvement.

Earth science is vital to the wellbeing of the United States and many of its issues. As a result, the US Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Science Quality and Integrity asked the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to carry out a study, organized around a workshop. This title presents the committee's finding.

Assesses the supply of expertise in 10 geospatial intelligence (Geoint) fields, including 5 traditional areas (geodesy and geophysics, photogrammetry, remote sensing, cartographic science, and geographic information systems and geospatial analysis) and 5 areas that could improve geospatial intelligence.

Questions about the origin and nature of Earth and the life on it have long preoccupied human thought and the scientific endeavor. This book captures, in a series of questions, the essential scientific challenges that constitute the frontier of Earth science at the start of the 21st century.

Minerals are part of virtually every product we use. Baseline information on minerals is collected at the federal level, but no established methodology has existed to identify potentially critical minerals. This book develops such a methodology and suggests a federal initiative to collect and analyze the data needed to support this type of tool.

Land parcel data (also known as cadastral data) provide geographically referenced information about the rights, interests, and ownership of land and are an important part of the financial, legal, and real estate systems of society. This book looks at the status of land parcel data in the United States.

States that it is important that the United States extract its coal resources efficiently, safely, and in an environmentally responsible manner. This book focuses on the research and development needs and priorities in the areas of coal resource and reserve assessments, coal mining and processing, and transportation of coal and coal products.

Shows that there is sufficient two-dimensional "base map imagery" to meet Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) flood map modernization goals, but that the three-dimensional "base elevation data" that are needed to determine whether a building should have flood insurance are not adequate.

"Rpt. no. 2, Reviews of research programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"--T.p. verso.

Burning coal in electric utility plants produces, in addition to power, residues that contain constituents which may be harmful to the environment. This report discusses a variety of steps that are involved in planning and managing the use of CCRs as minefills, including an integrated process of CCR characterization and site characterization.

Geological and Geotechnical Engineering in the New Millennium: Opportunities for Research and Technological Innovation (2006)

Describes and assesses the varied economic benefits derived from modernizing and expanding seismic monitoring activities in the United States. These benefits include more effective loss avoidance regulations and strategies, improved understanding of earthquake processes, better engineering design, and more.

Because of the advances in the scientists' ability to analyze environmental information from geological data, the National Science Foundation and the US Geological Survey asked a National Research Council committee to assess the scientific opportunities and recommend how scientists can take advantage of these. This work presents these assessments.

Methane hydrate is a natural form of clathrate - a chemical substance in which one molecule forms a lattice around a 'guest' molecule with chemical bonding. This report reviews the Department of Energy's (DOE) Methane Hydrate Research and Development Program, the project selection process, and projects funded to date.

This text summarizes the applicability of geographic data for sustainable development and draws on experiences in African countries to examine how future sources and applications of geographic data could provide reliable support to decision-makers as they work towards sustainable development.

Covers the engineering practices and standards for coal waste impoundments and ways to evaluate, improve, and monitor them; the accuracy of mine maps and ways to improve surveying and mapping of mines; and alternative technologies for coal slurry disposal and utilization.

Appendix C: "Laws, policies, and guidelines driving dam and levee safety in the United States."