Bøger af Boris Zalessky

Die Sammlung präsentiert die Arbeiten junger Forscher - Studenten des Instituts für Journalismus der Belarussischen Staatlichen Universität - Irina Vysotskaya, Yulia Demeshko, Polina Dolgopolova, Victoria Puzatko, deren Aufmerksamkeit auf verschiedene Aspekte der Werbung und Medienförderung von Marken führender belarussischer und ukrainischer Exporteure auf den Märkten der Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten, der Europäischen Union und Asiens gerichtet ist. Die Relevanz dieses Themas erklärt sich aus der Tatsache, dass heute neben der Diversifizierung der Handels- und Wirtschaftsbeziehungen, der Optimierung der Gesetzgebung im Bereich der Exportförderung, der Stimulierung der Exporteure von Waren und Dienstleistungen zur Erweiterung der Produktpalette und der Arten von Dienstleistungen, der Verbesserung der Ansätze für die Arbeit mit kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen in Exportfragen, der Schaffung von Bedingungen für die Stimulierung von High-Tech-Exporten, die gleiche Belarus die Aufgabe der Förderung der Exportkultur in Form von Konsolidierung in den Massenmedien stellt. Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt, wie diese Aufgabe bei der Erschließung ausländischer Märkte unter Nutzung der Möglichkeiten von Werbung und Medien gelöst werden kann.

La collection présente les travaux de jeunes chercheurs - étudiants de l'Institut de journalisme de l'Université d'État du Belarus - Irina Vysotskaya, Yulia Demeshko, Polina Dolgopolova, Victoria Puzatko, dont l'attention se porte sur divers aspects de la publicité et de la promotion médiatique des marques des principaux exportateurs bélarussiens et ukrainiens sur les marchés de la Communauté des États indépendants, de l'Union européenne et de l'Asie. La pertinence de ce sujet s'explique par le fait qu'aujourd'hui, parallèlement à la diversification des relations commerciales et économiques, à l'optimisation de la législation dans le domaine du soutien aux exportations, à la stimulation des exportateurs de biens et de services pour élargir la gamme de produits et les types de services, à l'amélioration des approches pour travailler avec les petites et moyennes entreprises sur les questions d'exportation, à la création de conditions pour stimuler les exportations de haute technologie, le même Belarus se fixe pour tâche de promouvoir la culture de l'exportation sous la forme d'une consolidation dans les médias de masse. Cette étude décrit comment cette tâche peut être résolue lors du développement des marchés étrangers en utilisant les possibilités de la publicité et des médias.

The collection presents the works of young researchers - students of the Institute of Journalism of the Belarusian State University - Irina Vysotskaya, Yulia Demeshko, Polina Dolgopolova, Victoria Puzatko, whose attention is focused on various aspects of advertising and media promotion of brands of leading Belarusian and Ukrainian exporters to the markets of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the European Union, and Asia. The relevance of this topic is explained by the fact that today, along with diversification of trade and economic relations, optimisation of legislation in the sphere of export support, stimulation of exporters of goods and services to expand the product range and types of services, improvement of approaches to work with small and medium-sized businesses on export issues, formation of conditions for stimulating high-tech exports, the same Belarus sets the task of promoting export culture in the form of consolidation in the mass media. This study describes how this task can be solved when developing foreign markets using the possibilities of advertising and media.

La raccolta presenta i lavori di giovani ricercatori - studenti dell'Istituto di Giornalismo dell'Università Statale Bielorussa - Irina Vysotskaya, Yulia Demeshko, Polina Dolgopolova, Victoria Puzatko, la cui attenzione si concentra su vari aspetti della pubblicità e della promozione mediatica dei marchi dei principali esportatori bielorussi e ucraini sui mercati della Comunità degli Stati Indipendenti, dell'Unione Europea e dell'Asia. La rilevanza di questo tema si spiega con il fatto che oggi, insieme alla diversificazione delle relazioni commerciali ed economiche, all'ottimizzazione della legislazione in materia di sostegno alle esportazioni, alla stimolazione degli esportatori di beni e servizi ad ampliare la gamma di prodotti e le tipologie di servizi, al miglioramento degli approcci alla collaborazione con le piccole e medie imprese sulle questioni relative all'esportazione, alla formazione delle condizioni per stimolare le esportazioni ad alta tecnologia, la stessa Bielorussia si pone il compito di promuovere la cultura dell'esportazione sotto forma di consolidamento nei mass media. Questo studio descrive come questo compito possa essere risolto nello sviluppo dei mercati esteri utilizzando le possibilità della pubblicità e dei media.

A coleção apresenta os trabalhos de jovens investigadores - estudantes do Instituto de Jornalismo da Universidade Estatal da Bielorrússia - Irina Vysotskaya, Yulia Demeshko, Polina Dolgopolova, Victoria Puzatko, cuja atenção se centra em vários aspectos da publicidade e da promoção mediática das marcas dos principais exportadores bielorrussos e ucranianos nos mercados da Comunidade de Estados Independentes, da União Europeia e da Ásia. A relevância deste tema explica-se pelo facto de, atualmente, a par da diversificação das relações comerciais e económicas, da otimização da legislação no domínio do apoio à exportação, do estímulo aos exportadores de bens e serviços para alargarem a gama de produtos e os tipos de serviços, da melhoria das abordagens para trabalhar com as pequenas e médias empresas em questões de exportação, da criação de condições para estimular as exportações de alta tecnologia, a mesma Bielorrússia estabelece a tarefa de promover a cultura de exportação sob a forma de consolidação nos meios de comunicação social. Este estudo descreve a forma como esta tarefa pode ser resolvida no desenvolvimento de mercados estrangeiros utilizando as possibilidades da publicidade e dos media.

Para a Bielorrússia, os países asiáticos são parceiros importantes no desenvolvimento da cooperação nos domínios comercial e económico, industrial e cooperativo, científico e técnico, educativo e cultural. A República Popular da China, em particular, tem sido tradicionalmente um ponto fulcral da política externa do Estado bielorrusso neste continente. Em março de 2023, os líderes da Bielorrússia e da China adoptaram uma declaração conjunta sobre os princípios básicos do desenvolvimento de uma parceria estratégica exemplar e abrangente entre os dois países na nova era. Estão a desenvolver-se relações mutuamente benéficas com o Irão. Em outubro de 2023, em Teerão, as partes chegaram a acordo sobre um plano para uma maior cooperação em domínios promissores da parceria. Foi estabelecida uma interação regular a vários níveis com o Vietname, o Paquistão e a Turquia. Em janeiro de 2024, Minsk acolheu a 7.a reunião da comissão intergovernamental conjunta bielorrusso-mongol para o comércio e a cooperação económica, onde foram debatidos o estado e as perspectivas da cooperação nos domínios da indústria, da agricultura, dos transportes e da logística, bem como das finanças. O presente documento analisa a forma como a Bielorrússia está a desenvolver laços de parceria com estes países.

Per la Bielorussia, i Paesi asiatici sono partner importanti nello sviluppo della cooperazione in ambito commerciale ed economico, industriale e cooperativo, scientifico e tecnico, educativo e culturale. In particolare, la Repubblica Popolare Cinese è tradizionalmente al centro della politica estera dello Stato bielorusso in questo continente. Nel marzo 2023, i leader di Bielorussia e Cina hanno adottato una dichiarazione congiunta sui principi di base dello sviluppo di un'esemplare partnership strategica a tutto campo e per tutte le stagioni tra i due Paesi nella nuova era. Si stanno sviluppando relazioni reciprocamente vantaggiose con l'Iran. Nell'ottobre 2023, a Teheran, le parti hanno concordato un piano di ulteriore cooperazione in settori promettenti del partenariato. Sono state avviate interazioni regolari a vari livelli con Vietnam, Pakistan e Turchia. Nel gennaio 2024, Minsk ha ospitato la settima riunione della commissione intergovernativa congiunta bielorusso-mongola sul commercio e la cooperazione economica, in cui sono stati discussi lo stato e le prospettive della cooperazione nei settori dell'industria, dell'agricoltura, dei trasporti e della logistica e della finanza. Il presente documento illustra come la Bielorussia stia sviluppando legami di partenariato con questi Paesi.

Pour le Belarus, les pays asiatiques sont des partenaires importants pour le développement de la coopération dans les domaines commercial et économique, industriel et coopératif, scientifique et technique, éducatif et culturel. En particulier, la République populaire de Chine est traditionnellement au coeur de la politique étrangère de l'État bélarussien sur ce continent. En mars 2023, les dirigeants du Belarus et de la Chine ont adopté une déclaration commune sur les principes de base du développement d'un partenariat stratégique exemplaire, de tous les temps et de tous les horizons, entre les deux pays dans la nouvelle ère. Les relations mutuellement bénéfiques avec l'Iran se développent. En octobre 2023 à Téhéran, les parties ont convenu d'un plan pour une coopération plus poussée dans des domaines prometteurs du partenariat. Des interactions régulières à différents niveaux ont été établies avec le Viêt Nam, le Pakistan et la Turquie. En janvier 2024, Minsk a accueilli la 7e réunion de la commission intergouvernementale mixte biélorusse-mongole sur le commerce et la coopération économique, au cours de laquelle l'état et les perspectives de la coopération dans les domaines de l'industrie, de l'agriculture, du transport et de la logistique, ainsi que de la finance, ont été examinés. Ce document examine la manière dont le Belarus développe des liens de partenariat avec ces pays.

For Belarus, Asian countries are important partners in the development of cooperation in trade and economic, industrial and cooperative, scientific and technical, educational and cultural areas. In particular, the People's Republic of China has traditionally been a key focus of the Belarusian state's foreign policy on this continent. In March 2023, the leaders of Belarus and China adopted a joint statement on the basic principles of the development of exemplary relations of all-weather and all-round strategic partnership between the two countries in the new era. Mutually beneficial relations with Iran are developing. In October 2023 in Tehran, the parties agreed on a plan for further cooperation in promising areas of partnership. Regular interaction at various levels has been established with Vietnam, Pakistan and Turkey. In January 2024, Minsk hosted the 7th meeting of the joint Belarusian-Mongolian intergovernmental commission on trade and economic cooperation, where the state and prospects of cooperation in industry, agriculture, transportation and logistics, finance were discussed. This paper discusses how Belarus is developing partnership ties with these countries.

Für Belarus sind die asiatischen Länder wichtige Partner bei der Entwicklung der Zusammenarbeit in den Bereichen Handel und Wirtschaft, Industrie und Kooperation, Wissenschaft und Technik, Bildung und Kultur. Insbesondere die Volksrepublik China ist traditionell ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt der Außenpolitik des belarussischen Staates auf diesem Kontinent. Im März 2023 verabschiedeten die Staats- und Regierungschefs von Belarus und China eine gemeinsame Erklärung über die Grundprinzipien der Entwicklung einer beispielhaften Allwetter- und allseitigen strategischen Partnerschaft zwischen den beiden Ländern in der neuen Ära. Die Beziehungen zum Iran entwickeln sich zum gegenseitigen Nutzen. Im Oktober 2023 einigten sich die Parteien in Teheran auf einen Plan für die weitere Zusammenarbeit in vielversprechenden Bereichen der Partnerschaft. Mit Vietnam, Pakistan und der Türkei wurden regelmäßige Kontakte auf verschiedenen Ebenen aufgenommen. Im Januar 2024 fand in Minsk die 7. Sitzung der gemeinsamen belarussisch-mongolischen Regierungskommission für Handel und wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit statt, auf der der Stand und die Perspektiven der Zusammenarbeit in den Bereichen Industrie, Landwirtschaft, Verkehr und Logistik sowie Finanzen erörtert wurden. In diesem Papier wird erörtert, wie Belarus die partnerschaftlichen Beziehungen zu diesen Ländern ausbaut.

The Program of Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for 2021-2025 sets the task to ensure qualitative growth of exports and their geographical diversification, which will make it possible to expand markets and contribute to the sustainability of foreign trade. This is explained by the fact that exports are the basis of the open Belarusian economy, which ensures the inflow of foreign currency into the country, profits to enterprises, and taxes to the budget. To solve this task it is necessary to: develop large-scale economic integration with the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and especially with the Russian federative entities within the framework of the Union State, as well as with the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States; deepen cooperation with the states participating in the implementation of the megaproject "One Belt, One Road" and especially with the provinces, autonomous regions and cities of the People's Republic of China; intensify trade and economic ties with the countries of the "far arc" - South-East Asia, Bashkortostan, China, China, China, and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. How are these tasks being solved today? This is the subject of the proposed study.

In October 2022, at the meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, the key factors of growth of the Belarusian economy in 2023 were named. First, it is the outstripping increase in demand due to the build-up of investments in the main capital. It is planned to implement 129 regional, more than 50 import-substituting and 14 integration projects, which are provided with sources and mechanisms of financing. Secondly, it is the growth of exports by five and a half percent. It should be noted that in the first nine months of 2022, Belarus had a foreign trade surplus of four billion dollars. This suggests that the Belarusian economy has entered a sustainable trajectory of recovery growth in 2022. In particular, the main contribution was made by agriculture, and since September - by industry, where the recovery dynamics is also taking shape, growing in sectors that produce high-tech products. How does international cooperation influence the solution of urgent issues of the Belarusian economy development? How does the Belarusian side interact very effectively with key partners on different continents? This is the subject of the proposed study.

In December 2023, a meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Independent States was held, at which the participants noted that the member states of the association were able to return to the growth trajectory this year. In fact, according to the results of the first nine months of 2023, the volume of industrial production in the CIS increased by almost three and a half percent, cargo transportation - by almost six percent. And further efforts of the countries of the integration structure will be aimed at removing obstacles in mutual trade, liberalization in the sphere of services and attraction of investments in order to jointly produce competitive products. After all, the creation of high-tech products with characteristics superior to foreign analogues is a benchmark for all participants of the Commonwealth. And there are already many examples of such effective cooperation, including in cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union. In particular, a cooperative project to create a Eurasian electric bus is under active consideration. Such cross-cutting integration projects in the post-Soviet space could utilize the joint scientific, technological and financial potential of the Commonwealth. How does this cooperation work today? This is the subject of the proposed paper.

En octobre 2022, une réunion du Conseil des ministres de la République du Belarus a désigné les facteurs clés de la croissance de l'économie bélarussienne en 2023. Tout d'abord, il s'agit de l'augmentation supérieure à la demande due à l'augmentation des investissements en capital fixe. Il est prévu de mettre en ¿uvre 129 projets régionaux, plus de 50 projets de substitution des importations et 14 projets d'intégration, qui sont dotés de sources et de mécanismes de financement. Deuxièmement, il s'agit de la croissance des exportations de 5,5 %. Il convient de noter que le Belarus a enregistré un excédent du commerce extérieur de quatre milliards de dollars au cours des neuf premiers mois de 2022. Cela suggère que l'économie biélorusse est entrée dans une trajectoire durable de reprise de la croissance en 2022. En particulier, la principale contribution a été apportée par l'agriculture et, depuis septembre, par l'industrie, où la dynamique de reprise prend également forme, en se développant dans les secteurs qui produisent des produits de haute technologie. Comment la coopération internationale influence-t-elle la résolution des problèmes urgents du développement de l'économie biélorusse ? Comment le Belarus interagit-il très efficacement avec des partenaires clés sur différents continents ? Tel est le sujet de l'étude proposée.

In September 2023, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus held a meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus on the development of cooperation with the countries of Africa, where the Belarusian government outlined the main directions in this continent: medicine, education, ensuring food security of African countries, supply of agricultural machinery, industrial cooperation. Assessing the objective foreign trade situation, Belarusian Prime Minister R. Golovchenko emphasized that Africa has a huge potential for development, but the accumulated political capital of Belarus has not yet been converted into successful trade and economic projects. In 2022, exports of Belarusian goods to Africa amounted to just over $200 million and are showing a slight downward trend. For this reason, the government of Belarus has set a clear task - it is necessary to make every effort to find the right tools to reverse the negative dynamics in cooperation with African countries, to form roadmaps, to look for specific projects that can be implemented. What steps are being taken in Belarus in this direction? This is the subject of this proposed study.

In the first nine months of 2023, the Republic of Belarus received a record $31 billion in export earnings. This is the maximum volume over the last ten years. Nevertheless, the Belarusian government is actively working on entering the markets where Belarus is expected to be first and foremost, where Belarusian exporters have competitive advantages. These are the countries of the "far arc" in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The goal for 2024 is to increase exports to these countries by 2.5 times or almost four billion dollars. In particular, key reference points for entering this market have been identified in Africa. These are Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Equatorial Guinea. Exports of food products, machinery, equipment, and chemical products are planned to grow. Belarus already has a positive experience in Latin America. And it aims to move from simple trade to the establishment of joint ventures, assembly plants in Nicaragua, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, and Cuba. What steps are being taken by Belarus to develop these growth points today and in the near future? This is the subject of the proposed study.

Nos primeiros nove meses de 2023, a República da Bielorrússia recebeu um recorde de 31 mil milhões de dólares em receitas de exportação. Este é o volume máximo dos últimos dez anos. No entanto, o governo bielorrusso está a trabalhar ativamente para entrar nos mercados para onde se espera que a Bielorrússia seja exportada em primeiro lugar e onde os exportadores bielorrussos têm vantagens competitivas. Estes são os países do "arco distante" na Ásia, África e América Latina. O objetivo para 2024 é aumentar as exportações para estes países em 2,5 vezes ou quase quatro mil milhões de dólares. Em particular, foram identificados em África pontos de referência fundamentais para entrar neste mercado. São eles o Egipto, o Quénia, a Nigéria, o Zimbabué, a África do Sul, a Guiné Equatorial e o Zimbabué. Está previsto um aumento das exportações de produtos alimentares, maquinaria, equipamento e produtos químicos. A Bielorrússia já tem uma experiência positiva na América Latina. O seu objetivo é passar do simples comércio à criação de empresas comuns e de fábricas de montagem na Nicarágua, Venezuela, Brasil, Equador e Cuba. Que medidas estão a ser tomadas pela Bielorrússia para desenvolver estes pontos de crescimento hoje e no futuro próximo? É este o objeto do presente estudo.

In May 2023, at the meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dedicated to summarizing the results of socio-economic development of the Belarusian state for the first quarter of the current year, it was noted that the overall situation in the Belarusian economy is stable and the results have a steady positive trend. Macroeconomic balance has been preserved, while the foreign trade surplus for the first three months of this year is about $243 million. The volume of exports of goods and services from Belarus in January-March 2023 amounted to about twelve billion dollars. This is the maximum figure for the last ten years. As for foreign investment, over three billion dollars flowed into the real sector of the Belarusian economy during this period. Belarusian free and special economic zones with preferential business regimes, where 427 residents from 35 countries are already registered, remain the main points of attraction for investments to create modern export-oriented and import-substituting industries and introduce high technologies. What steps are being taken to develop these points of growth in Belarus? This is the subject of the proposed study.

The collection presents the works of young researchers - students of the Institute of Journalism of the Belarusian State University Irina Vysotskaya, Yulia Demeshko, Polina Dolgopolova, Victoria Puzatko, Polina Sarvilina, Daria Shablinskaya, whose attention is focused on the current trends in the development of the modern advertising market of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe and Asia. The relevance of this topic is explained by the fact that in the current conditions advertising becomes an important factor of socio-economic, social and cultural development. It forms a significant part of the economic space, promotes the development of entrepreneurship, competition, market relations - all that is especially important for the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus, where various measures are now being taken to create favourable conditions for advertising activities. Systematic study, generalisation and introduction into practice of the best foreign experience in the development of the advertising market is one of the important conditions for the successful formation of Belarusian advertising. The possibilities of using foreign experience in Belarus are discussed in this collective research.

The Republic of Belarus is actively developing science, technology and innovation, including through the use of international best practices in science and technology. Thus, the State Program of Innovation Development till 2025 as well as new scientific and technical programs have been launched in 2021. In addition, a task has been set to implement in the Belarusian regions, taking into account their competitive advantages, innovative projects to create high-tech industries based on developments of domestic scientists, which have great potential for commercialization both within the country and abroad. The transition to digital platforms as key instruments of digital transformation of traditional industries, as well as international cooperation in the use of modern technologies, educational and production organizations, development and serial production of knowledge-intensive products contributes to the growth of innovation potential of Belarus. Cooperation with foreign partners should play a key role in this. How is this process of innovation promoting the interests of Belarus implemented in practice? This is discussed in the proposed collection of articles.

The Strategy for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in the Republic of Belarus until 2025 states that the priority of investment policy is the quality of investments, their value for increasing the competitiveness, economic security and stability of the domestic economy. Such areas as high-tech and science-intensive production, logistics, transport and digital infrastructure, the financial sector, the social sphere, as well as the tourism industry are considered to be promising for the attraction of foreign direct investment in the Belarusian economy. In 2021 foreign investors invested about nine billion dollars in the real sector of the Belarusian economy. A significant contribution to the active investment policy is made today by the free economic zones of Belarus, whose residents from January to March 2022 attracted a record volume - a quarter of foreign direct investment on a net basis in the country. As compared to 2021 they increased almost twice and a half times and amounted to 469 million dollars. How Belarus is currently addressing this challenge is discussed in the materials of the proposed study.

The Republic of Belarus is chairing the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2021. The concept of its presidency provides for the development of coordinated approaches to solving urgent issues of regional cooperation, strengthening multilateral cooperation for a comprehensive and balanced economic and social development of all post-Soviet states. Particular attention is being paid to achieving synergy among members of the Commonwealth in various integration associations and organizations such as the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as in bilateral format. Media coverage of this cooperation is also expected to increase. In the sphere of inter-regional and cross-border cooperation we are talking about the development of socio-economic potential of regions, the establishment of direct links between business entities, the formation and implementation of a coordinated regional policy. How are these integration building plans realized in practice? The answer to this question is in the materials of the proposed study.

Strategic cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation is comprehensive and multidimensional today. In the difficult conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, the parties continue to maintain intensive contacts at the highest and highest levels, various formats of intergovernmental, interparliamentary and interagency interaction, which ensured traditionally high dynamics of bilateral relations. In September 2021 the Council of Ministers of the Union State of Belarus and Russia approved the guidelines for implementation of the provisions of the Treaty on the Union State for 2021-2023 and 28 Union State programs aimed to undertake large-scale tasks to strengthen the Belarusian-Russian integration, to deepen industrial cooperation. At that the parties noted that the direct partnership ties between the regions are becoming an increasingly important factor in strengthening of mutual trust and economic cooperation. This is confirmed by the specific practice of Belarusian-Russian interregional cooperation in 2021, which was implemented in a variety of formats. How it happens in practice is discussed in the materials of the proposed study.

For nine years the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Belarus has been carrying out organizational, practical and informational work on the implementation of the cluster model of development in the practice of management and management. The 2025 Programme envisages the formation of 13 clusters in the regions and Minsk: three clusters in the capital and the Vitebsk region; two clusters each in the Brest and Mogilev regions; one cluster each in the Gomel, Grodno and Minsk regions. And in Belarus there is the potential for the creation and development of more than 30 clusters: 8 existing, 6 emerging and 18 potential cluster initiatives. In particular, there are already functioning clusters in the field of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, instrumentation and electrical engineering, IT. And in the future - projects for the implementation of smart manufacturing technology, in mechanical engineering, woodworking and furniture production, as well as in construction and agro-ecotourism. There is already an interesting experience of the cluster model, which ensures mutually beneficial integration of science, education, and production business, which gives a synergetic effect for the country as a whole, in the Vitebsk region. How is this task solved in practice? This is discussed in the materials of the proposed study.

The Program of activities of the Government of the Republic of Belarus for 2018-2020 outlined the task to create conditions for the implementation of the policy of rational import substitution and development of import substitution, including using the potential of small and medium companies to improve the trade balance of the country, in order to eventually reach an annual increase in import substitution production of at least 600 million dollars. In Belarus the main task of import substitution, which is understood as a state policy aimed at rationalizing the import of goods and services by stimulating domestic producers, including with the participation of foreign capital to organize the production of products that were previously imported, is formulated as not a mechanical substitution of imported goods, but the development of competitive national production. The share of import-substituting products in the country is already close to 40 percent or $20 billion in monetary terms. And this is not the limit. How is this problem solved today? The answer to this question can be found in the proposed study.

Export is one of the main development priorities of the Belarusian economy. In its structure, it traditionally accounts for more than half of the gross domestic product, being one of the main sources to ensure sustainable economic growth in the country. Foreign trade in the Republic of Belarus has undergone certain structural transformation during the post-crisis period of world trade development. Today, a course has been taken to increase the share of science-intensive, high-tech products in the structure of export, diversification of deliveries to new markets. Belarus has traditionally pursued a multi-vector foreign economic policy, maintaining foreign trade contacts with the majority of foreign countries and taking an active part in international integration processes. Fundamental changes in foreign trade associated with Belarus' participation in the Eurasian Economic Union, the formation of a common common economic space, and forthcoming accession to the World Trade Organization are the most important developments, which have a significant impact on the conditions for export activities. How are these tasks and related issues dealt with in practice today? This study is about that.

The presidency of the Republic of Belarus in the Commonwealth of Independent States, which was based on the principles of continuity and aimed to implement the long-term elements of the development strategy of this integration association in the post-Soviet space in various areas, ended with the onset of 2022. The measures taken in 2021 under the auspices of the Belarusian presidency, combined with the efforts of the states at the national level, made it possible to ensure the growth of the most important macroeconomic indicators in the Commonwealth. The achievement of positive dynamics is largely due to the CIS free trade zone, which provides favorable conditions for the development of the economies of the CIS member states. In 2021, thanks to the chairmanship of Belarus, we continued to work actively with other States on a draft agreement on free trade in services, which is designed to provide additional opportunities for sustainable economic development in the post-Soviet space. The result of this work should be the signing of this document in May 2022. These and other issues of CIS integration are discussed in this study.

In the first quarter of 2022, Belarusian exports of goods and services increased by half a billion dollars. At the same time the surplus was a record high of almost one billion dollars, including 1.2 billion dollars in services. The main increase in exports of goods was provided by producers of food, vehicles, woodworking and metal products. Among services, the IT sector, transport and financial services made the greatest contribution. An important detail: these indicators were achieved at a time when the Belarusian economy was undergoing structural transformation. Logistics chains, supply and sales markets are being rebuilt. Imports of components and raw materials are being replaced by domestic products or from friendly countries. Of course, the restructuring of the whole economic mechanism will take time. How does the international economic cooperation of the Republic of Belarus in the post-Soviet space develop in this context, with Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan? What is characteristic for interaction with partners in Southeast Asia - Vietnam and Indonesia? What is the development of the territories with preferential treatment in Belarus itself? Answers to these questions can be found in this study.

The results of 2021 showed that the residents of six free economic zones (FEZ) operating in Belarus were able to generate up to 70 percent of investment, up to half of exports and a third of industrial production in their regions. And this despite the fact that at the beginning of 2022, 432 economic entities were registered in free economic zones, implemented projects with investments from more than 30 countries for a total of about seven and a half billion dollars of declared investment. During 2021 25 new residents with total declared investments more than 400 mln. dollars were added to the composition of FEZ in Belarus, one third of them - with foreign capital. In December 2021 the Republic of Belarus approved amendments to the law "On Free Economic Zones", which provided for the transfer of authority to change the boundaries of these preferential areas of land from the head of state to the government. The purpose of these innovations is to reduce the time from the idea to the start of new investment projects in the territories, which are considered to be points of growth in the regions. How is this task solved in practice? This is discussed in the materials of the proposed study.

The Republic of Belarus envisages a significant strengthening of the policy of rational import substitution for the next five years, taking into account the production of new high-tech and export-oriented goods. In April 2022, the Belarusian government adopted a comprehensive plan to support the economy, which contains five blocks of measures, the implementation of which will contribute to the normal operation of exporters. Production cooperation and production of import-substituting products will receive additional incentives. Under these conditions, regions, industries and specific companies are already developing a common vision of what has to be done, what steps have to be taken to prevent loss of efficiency in today's difficult conditions and to make the most of investment, innovation, manufacturing and export potential in order to promote sustainable and dynamic development of the Republic of Belarus. What opportunities are offered by the policy of international economic cooperation pursued by Belarus in the post-Soviet space, as well as in the countries of the far arc - the Asian and African continents? Answers to these and a number of other questions can be found in the proposed study.