Bøger af Carolina Gerwin

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Basics and General, grade: 68, University College London, language: English, abstract: This essay complements current literature by discussing what justice is, according to Cicero, and how it is preserved in the republic. It is argued that for the philosopher, justice is the superior virtue among all people that prevails over other virtues and promotes sociability, thereby upholding the community and the state.Justice is upheld in the republic if everyone acts according to certain rules that are outlined in the paper and if power is divided between the monarchic, aristocratic and democratic elements in Cicerös account of a mixed constitution. The essay starts by explaining the relevant context, then continues by outlining Cicerös view on justice, and finally, it discusses how it is preserved in the republic as described in "On the Commonwealth" and "On Duties".

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: 67, University College London, language: English, abstract: The essay deals with the question as to what extent a liberal central state emerged in the US in the 1930s. While many scholars analyse the overall impact of New Deal programmes and agencies to examine US liberalism in the 1930s, this paper analyses them with a focus on race, especially African Americans. It is argued that while the New Deal was indeed an important factor for improving the lives of many Americans during the Great Depression, racial problems of African Americans remained unresolved and many aspects of the New Deal were therefore highly illiberal regarding black Americans.The paper focuses on the National Recovery Administration (NRA) (in conjunction with the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)) and Social Security as well as the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in its analysis. After analysing these major aspects of the New Deal, it is concluded that their set-up and implementation permitted the discrimination and disadvantage of African Americans in the early 1930s.Strategic culture in the European Union.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: 8,2, Leiden University, language: English, abstract: The essay deals with the question whether the EU has established a strategic culture regarding its foreign and security policy. It begins with a discussion of the concept of strategic culture, to then dive into the sources of strategic culture and the extent to which the member states of the EU have similarities within those sources, namely geography and history, and political structure and institutions. Afterwards, the European Security Strategy of 2003 is considered as a potential manifestation of EU strategic culture, followed by developments after 2008. The essay concludes that the EU is growing closer to having a common strategic culture, but that it has not happened yet.Due to significant changes with regard to the security situation after the end of the Cold War, caused by conflicts in former Yugoslavia, the attacks on September 11, 2001, and the differences regarding the Iraq war for instance, the necessity for a coordinated European foreign and security policy became evident. Therefore, on December 12, 2003, the European Council agreed to the European Security Strategy (ESS), whose development was seen as an important step in defining common interests and goals of the EU regarding foreign and security policy.

Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Public International Law and Human Rights, grade: 8,4, Leiden University, language: English, abstract: Based on a case study analysis of the Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haiti (MINUSTAH), the essay answers the question of how and under which criteria one can assess whether peacekeeping operations are successful. The paper shows that while the criteria of short-term analyses are the most prominent ones in the literature, they are not universally applicable and that there is a need to establish common criteria for the assessment of peacekeeping missions that focus on the long-term consequences of such missions. Regarding the success of MINUSTAH, it is concluded that it was neither a (full) success for the UN nor for the Haitian population.Since 1948 the UN has deployed more than seventy peacekeeping missions (UN Peacekeeping n.d.). Peacekeeping operations can be defined as operations, which were deployed with or without the compliance of belligerent parties, depending on international legislation and mandate to sustain and implement a peaceful environment impartially and without using combat arms, if not necessary.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Communications - Media and Politics, Politic Communications, grade: 7,8, Leiden University, language: English, abstract: This thesis examines how the right-wing populist parties AfD and FPÖ are portrayed in the media. In 2017, the right-wing populist parties ¿Alternative for Germany¿ (AfD) and the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) got markedly different election results: While the AfD got 12.6 % of the vote share, the FPÖ achieved a much higher result with 26 %. Considering that the two parties as well as Germany and Austria are ostensibly similar, this puzzle leads to the question of what explains the so markedly different election results of the AfD and the FPÖ in 2017.Based on a review of general factors that explain the success of populist radical right parties and extensive research on the aspects that led to the rise and success of the AfD and FPÖ, the paper focuses on the role of the media, seeking to understand how the two parties were portrayed by the media before the 2017 elections. This task is approached by conducting a qualitative content analysis of the reporting on the AfD by the Bild Zeitung and the depiction of the FPÖ by the Kronen Zeitung, the two most popular online daily newspapers in their countries, during the last month before the elections.It is shown that the two parties used different framing strategies to report on the AfD or FPÖ respectively, resulting in a much more negative portrayal of the former. Considering that the FPÖ was depicted in a more positive way and got a much higher result in the election, the paper contributes to the literature by supporting the theory that the media have an influence on election results by shaping the public image of parties and their leaders, thereby influencing the voter¿s perception of them, and offers a relevance point for further research on explaining the varied election results of the AfD and FPÖ in the 2017 elections.