Bøger af Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

"Committee on National Statistics, Board on Testing and Assessment, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education."

"Board on Testing and Assessment, and Board on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education."

"This workshop summary is based on discussions at a workshop convened by the Board on Science Education (BOSE), in collaboration with the Committee on [the] Human Dimensions of Global Change and the Division on Earth and Life Studies, of the National Research Council (NRC) on October 21 and 22, 2010"--P. vii.

Offers a picture of what we know about teaching and learning science from kindergarten through eighth grade. By looking at a range of questions, this book provides a basic foundation for guiding science teaching and supporting students in their learning. It is helpful for those involved in K-8 science education.

In this volume, practical questions that confront every mathematics teacher are addressed using the latest research on cognition, teaching, and learning.

Results from national and international assessments indicate that school children in the United States are not learning mathematics well enough. This book provides information to improve school mathematics from pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. It explains the five strands of mathematical proficiency.

Identifies the major challenges facing various systems of governance for resource management. This book reviews the evidence from several disciplines and many lines of research and presents an assessment.

The United States has publicly funded its human spaceflight program on a continuous basis for more than a half-century, through three wars and a half-dozen recessions, from the early Mercury and Gemini suborbital and Earth orbital missions, to the lunar landings, and thence to the first reusable winged crewed spaceplane that the United States operated for three decades. Today the United States is the major partner in a massive orbital facility - the International Space Station - that is becoming the focal point for the first tentative steps in commercial cargo and crewed orbital space flights. And yet, the long-term future of human spaceflight beyond this project is unclear. Pronouncements by multiple presidents of bold new ventures by Americans to the Moon, to Mars, and to an asteroid in its native orbit, have not been matched by the same commitment that accompanied President Kennedy\'s now fabled 1961 speech-namely, the substantial increase in NASA funding needed to make it happen. Are we still committed to advancing human spaceflight? What should a long-term goal be, and what does the United States need to do to achieve it? Pathways to Exploration explores the case for advancing this endeavor, drawing on the history of rationales for human spaceflight, examining the attitudes of stakeholders and the public, and carefully assessing the technical and fiscal realities. This report recommends maintaining the long-term focus on Mars as the horizon goal for human space exploration. With this goal in mind, the report considers funding levels necessary to maintain a robust tempo of execution, current research and exploration projects and the time/resources needed to continue them, and international cooperation that could contribute to the achievement of spaceflight to Mars. According to Pathways to Exploration, a successful U.S. program would require sustained national commitment and a budget that increases by more than the rate of inflation. In reviving a U.S. human exploration program capable of answering the enduring questions about humanity's destiny beyond our tiny blue planet, the nation will need to grapple with the attitudinal and fiscal realities of the nation today while staying true to a small but crucial set of fundamental principles for the conduct of exploration of the endless frontier. The recommendations of Pathways to Exploration provide a clear map toward a human spaceflight program that inspires students and citizens by furthering human exploration and discovery, while taking into account the long-term commitment necessary to achieve this goal.