Bøger af Division on Earth and Life Studies

Provides nutrient recommendations based on physical activity and stage in life, major factors that influence nutrient needs. This report also looks at how nutrients are metabolized in the bodies of dogs and cats, indications of nutrient deficiency, and diseases related to poor nutrition.

Proper formulation of diets for horses depends on adequate knowledge of their nutrient requirements. This book covers information on the composition of feeds, feed additives, and other compounds routinely fed to horses. It also contains information on several nutritional and metabolic diseases that horses often have.

Provides an evaluation of the scientific literature on the nutrient requirements of small ruminants in all stages of life. This book addresses the effects of the environment, feed additives, and metabolism modifiers on nutrient requirements. It is suitable for animal nutritionists, veterinarians, and other scientists.

A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use:Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals.Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more.Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia.Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs.The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.

Provides an exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. This book also presents an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells.

Examines the complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. This book proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, and obesity.

Explores how the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. This volume explores the "default option" and other concepts. It is meant for the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, and students.

Provides a survey of what is known about injuries, and suggests that there is a vast need to know more. This book traces findings on the epidemiology of injuries, prevention of injuries, injury biomechanics and the prevention of impact injury, treatment, rehabilitation, and administration of injury research.

Examines the characteristics and composition of different types of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and discusses possible health effects of ETS. This book presents an overview of methods used to determine exposures to environmental smoke and reviews both chronic and acute health effects. It includes recommendations for areas of further research.

This text present a comprehensive review of the current scientific evidence and theoretical knowledge to fully understand what is known about abrupt climate change.

Presents the results of studies of hazardous wastes in the air, water, soil, and food, and examines the potential of biological markers in health risk assessment. This volume is of interest to toxicologists, environmental health professionals, epidemiologists, and other biologists.

Evaluate how marine protected areas can be employed to support specific conservation needs of marine and coastal waters. This work compares conventional management of marine resources with proposals to augment these management strategies with a system of protected areas. It argues that implementation of MPAs should be incremental and adaptive.

A study of the status and future of marine biotechnology. It addresses the question of where the federal government should invest its limited funds and what future initiatives should be planned.

Discusses the link between basic research and societal needs, and how improvements in technology have provided opportunities for observing the processes of present-day Earth. This text examines six main areas in which the opportunities for research are especially complelling.

The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this discipline.

Examines why noninvasive characterization is important and how improved methods can be developed and disseminated. This volume makes recommendations for linking characterization and cost savings, provides information on topics such as resource management, and describes methods of characterization and prospects for technological improvement.

Describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites.