Bøger af Emil Bessels

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Emil Bessels (1847/1888) war ein deutscher Naturforscher und Nordpolfahrer. Er studierte in Jena und in seiner Vaterstadt Naturwissenschaft und Medizin und trat 1869 auf Petermanns Veranlassung mit dem Dampfer Albert seine erste Nordpolfahrt an, um das Östliche Eismeer zwischen Spitzbergen und Nowaja Semlja zu untersuchen und Gillisland zu erforschen. Nur die erste Aufgabe wurde gelöst, da die ungünstigen Eisverhältnisse eine Erforschung von Gillisland nicht zuließen. Indes wurden wichtige hydrographische Arbeiten und eine vollständige Reihe von Seetiefenmessungen vorgenommen sowie zum ersten Mal die Existenz des Golfstroms östlich von Spitzbergen nachgewiesen. 1871 wurde Bessels nach den Vereinigten Staaten berufen, um die wissenschaftliche Leitung der Nordpolexpedition unter Charles Francis Hall zu übernehmen. 1871-1873 drang man in der nördlichen Verlängerung des Smithsundes zu der noch von keinem anderen Schiff erreichten Höhe von 82° 26'' nördlicher Breite vor. Jedoch scheiterte das Schiff (Polaris), und alle Sammlungen gingen verloren. Aus der Richtung der Flutwelle und aufgefundenem Walnusstreibholz schloss Bessels auf einen nördlichen Zusammenhang dieses Meeresteils mit dem Beringmeer. Bessels arbeitete anschließend neun Jahre für die Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C. Aus dem Buch: "Während Anfang Mai 1873 im Polaris-Hause die Vorbereitungen unserer Heimkehr ihrem Ende entgegen gingen, durchlief alle zivilisierten Lande die Nachricht, daß eine kleine Schar Schiffbrüchiger, in Lumpen gehüllt und dem Hungertode nahe, die Hauptstadt Neufundlands erreicht hätte. Diese Unglücklichen waren die neunzehn, welche in jener verhängnisvollen Oktobernacht, als die Polaris an der Ostküste des Smith-Sundes in Trümmer ging, von uns getrennt wurden..."

The German surgeon and explorer Emil Bessels (1847-88) was head of the scientific team on the American-sponsored Polaris Expedition, which in 1871-3 made an unsuccessful attempt to reach the North Pole. Some of the crew spent months adrift on an ice floe and others were marooned in Greenland. Astonishingly, they survived, but much of the expedition's scientific research remained unpublished as a result of financial wrangling. This 1879 publication is a popular account of the journey, with a substantial scientific appendix based on the expedition papers and additional data shared with Bessels by Sir George Nares. It describes the expedition's landfalls from Newfoundland to Greenland, and experiences, including temperatures so low that mercury froze, hunting for polar bears and seals for food, and the help provided by the local Inuit, whose language, traditions and burial customs Bessels outlines. The book also contains over eighty illustrations, mostly woodcuts.