Bøger af International Atomic Energy Agency

This Safety Guide provides recommendations on how to comply with IAEA safety requirements on leadership and management for safety in the area of radioactive waste management. It presents updated guidance on developing and implementing management systems for safety during all steps of radioactive waste management. Emphasis is placed upon effective leadership and culture for safety. The publication is intended to be used by the regulatory body and organizations with responsibilities for directing, planning, or undertaking the management of radioactive waste; it is also intended to be used by the suppliers to such organizations of safety related services and products that support radioactive waste management.

This publication provides a global overview of the status of spent fuel and radioactive waste management programmes, inventories, current practices, technologies and trends. It presents information on national arrangements for the management of spent fuel and radioactive waste, and on current waste and spent fuel inventories and their future estimates. Achievements, challenges and trends in the management of spent fuel and radioactive waste are also addressed. This second edition has been developed with a basis of national profiles submitted by Member States, complemented with openly available Joint Convention National Reports. The data reported are fully dependent on the input from the States and by the assumptions made to transform these data into the waste classes defined in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1, Classification of Radioactive Waste

This Safety Guide will aid regulatory bodies and users of radioactive material.

This publication provides guidance and recommendations on arrangements to be made at the preparedness stage, as part of overall emergency preparedness, for emergencies involving the transport of radioactive material. The guidance and recommendations in this Safety Guide are aimed at any State and its government, and at regulatory bodies and other response organizations, including consignors, carriers and consignees. It supports the implementation of the requirements established in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 7 for such emergencies, irrespective of their cause, and the IAEA Transport Regulations, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1).

This Safety Guide supersedes the 2010 edition of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-9. It takes account of recently gained knowledge and practices developed by Member States related to seismic hazards, especially lessons from the Fukushima Daiichi accident. It also addresses concomitant events associated with earthquakes, such as tsunamis. The revision provides a clearer separation between the process for assessing the seismic hazards at a specific nuclear installation site and the process for defining the related basis for design and safety assessment of the nuclear installation. Thus, it bridges gaps and avoids undue overlap of the two processes, which correspond to and are performed at different stages of siting of the nuclear installation.

Radiotherapy can be delivered with different types of machine, such as external beam high energy radiation machines, kilovoltage machines and brachytherapy equipment.

Provides guidance on the establishment of a national nuclear safety infrastructure as a key component of the overall preparations required for emerging nuclear power programmes. This guide provides recommendations, presented in the form of 200 sequential actions, on meeting the applicable IAEA safety requirements.

Addresses the basics of the application of a graded approach in the regulatory oversight of nuclear installations, describes the approaches currently implemented by several regulatory bodies around the world and, based on these examples, proposes a generic methodology for application of a graded approach to regulation of nuclear installations.

Following adoption of the Paris Agreement, the IAEA initiated a coordinated research project (CRP) to support Member States assess the potential role of nuclear energy in their national climate and energy strategies. This publication presents the findings of the CRP, which brought together research teams from twelve countries.

The objective of this publication is to provide a case-based way of understanding normal biodistribution, variants, and pitfalls, including several examples of typical patterns for the main indications for each of the new non- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals.

Provides a framework for the quality control (QC) of radiographic and mammographic imaging systems using remote and automated tools. The methodology provided is designed to be easy to implement, in order to support initiation of remote/automated QC programmes.

Regulations governing the safe transport of radioactive material have been developed and maintained at the international and national levels for more than six decades. More recently, similar efforts have been initiated for security during the transport of radioactive material; however, safety and security provisions have typically been developed independently. The aim of this publication is to provide technical guidelines and practical information to assist Member States, competent authorities and operators in ensuring an integrated and coordination approach. Based on international good practices, its use will facilitate the management of the interface between nuclear safety and security during normal commercial shipments of radioactive material that pose a low radiological consequence if attacked by an adversary.

Focuses on collecting current practices in Member States related to design extension conditions with core melting. The information provided is based on the feedback from technical experts from Canada, France, Finland, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and the USA.

Provides recommendations and guidance on how to meet the requirements established in Specific Safety Requirements No. SSR-2/1 and in General Safety Requirements No. GSR Part 4 for the identification of structures, systems and components important to safety in nuclear power plants and for their classification on the basis of their function.

Reports on the DACCORD project, which supports Member States in preparing preliminary cost estimates for the decommissioning of research reactors. The report is of particular benefit to programmes with limited decommissioning experience.

Provides guidance on how to establish or improve, develop, implement, maintain, and sustain computer security within nuclear facilities. The publication addresses the use of risk informed approaches to establish and enhance computer security policies, and describes the integration of computer security into the management system of a facility.

Considers radionuclide transfer in tropical and arid environments with a focus on root uptake by crops from soils. The data collected and analysed are relevant for estimating the transfer of radionuclides through food chains to humans and for assessing radiation doses to the public due to intakes of these radionuclides in plant products.

To understand the current status of the research and development as well as to provide a forum to exchange information on structural materials for HLM cooled reactors, the IAEA organised a technical meeting. This resulted in the current publication.

Provides an overview of the technical issues related to wet and dry storage of spent fuel and summarizes the objectives and major findings of the research carried out within the framework of the an IAEA coordinated research project.

Provides a comprehensive summary of experiences and results collected at a series of technical meetings of Member States currently operating CANDU-type nuclear power plants. Special emphasis is placed on supporting future harmonization in the regulatory framework, level 1 PSA methodologies and tools and level 1 PSA scope.

Provides practical guidance on the application of a graded approach in regulating the safety of radiation sources. Examples of applying this approach in some Member States are included. The proposed methodologies promote a systematic and consistent approach to regulating in accordance with the IAEA safety standards.

Developed in view of the growing interest from Member States in subcritical assemblies (SCAs). The publication supplements the IAEA safety standards by providing practical information on safety in the design and operation of SCAs. It also provides information on and examples of utilizing SCAs for various types of research and training experiments.

Presents the outputs of the INPRO collaborative project ROADMAPS. The publication introduces the concept of roadmapping for enhanced nuclear energy sustainability, which has been developed over the course of several collaborative projects within INPRO.

La Guia para el uso de sedimentos en la reconstruccion historica de la contaminacion en zonas costeras presenta los metodos, procedimientos operacionales y recomendaciones practicas para el muestreo, la preparacion y la fechacion de perfiles sedimentarios mediante los radionucleidos 210Pb y 137Cs.

Addresses relevant aspects of foreign material management for nuclear power plants, including the roles of all stakeholders at various stages during the lifetime of a nuclear power plant. The report shares knowledge on challenges, solutions and good practices based on operating experience.

Protocolos de control de calidad para radiodiagnostico en America Latina y el Caribe considera y actualiza procedimientos tecnicos, de acuerdo con la evolucion e incorporacion de nuevas tecnologias en la region.

Presents a detailed overview of the different concepts of fast small and medium sized or modular reactors (SMRs) and highlights the technological, economic and safety potential of these reactors and the associated innovative systems.

Provides various methodologies for tracking and trending nuclear power plant (NPP) thermal performance. The publication describes the essential elements of a thermal performance programme, providing guidelines on the design of the balance of the plant systems for new build NPPs and improvements to an existing programme for operating NPPs.

Provides standard operating procedures for managing crop phenotyping in controlled/semi-controlled environments and natural field conditions. The publication will support IAEA Member States in the application of these procedures to increase the productivity of arable food crops to help withstand the impact of climate change on agriculture.