Bøger af Klaus (Technische Univ Munchen Mainzer

This book argues for neuromorphic systems as a technology of the future, which are oriented towards the energy efficiency of natural brains. Energy efficiency is a dramatic claim in times of environmental and climate challenges which should consider the sustainability goals of the United Nations (UN). Mathematically, neuromorphic computing is connected to analogue ('real') computing, which theoretically overcomes the limits of digital Turing computability. Therefore, the book also considers material sciences and engineering sciences which start to realize neuromorphic computing in hardware. Other mathematical formalisms such as quantum mechanics also open up new solutions (e.g., quantum computing) beyond the limits of digital Turing computability. These research fields are no longer merely of theoretical interest, they promise increasing innovation power of market interest. Nevertheless, neuromorphic computing is connected with deep logical, mathematical, and epistemic questions. Does it open new avenues to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)? All these tendencies of research and innovation demonstrate that we need more integrated research in the foundations of logic, mathematics, physics, engineering sciences, cognitive science, and philosophy. The book is a plea for this kind of research.

In the 21st century, digitalization is a global challenge of mankind. Even for the public, it is obvious that our world is increasingly dominated by powerful algorithms and big data. But, how computable is our world? Some people believe that successful problem solving in science, technology, and economies only depends on fast algorithms and data mining. Chances and risks are often not understood, because the foundations of algorithms and information systems are not studied rigorously. Actually, they are deeply rooted in logics, mathematics, computer science and philosophy.Therefore, this book studies the foundations of mathematics, computer science, and philosophy, in order to guarantee security and reliability of the knowledge by constructive proofs, proof mining and program extraction. We start with the basics of computability theory, proof theory, and information theory. In a second step, we introduce new concepts of information and computing systems, in order to overcome the gap between the digital world of logical programming and the analog world of real computing in mathematics and science. The book also considers consequences for digital and analog physics, computational neuroscience, financial mathematics, and the Internet of Things (IoT).

The principle of local activity explains the emergence of complex patterns in a homogeneous medium. At first defined in the theory of nonlinear electronic circuits in a mathematically rigorous way, it can be generalized and proven at least for the class of nonlinear reaction diffusion systems in physics, chemistry, biology, and brain research. Recently, it was realized by memristors for nanoelectronic device applications. In general, the emergence of complex patterns and structures is explained by symmetry breaking in homogeneous media, which is caused by local activity. This book argues that the principle of local activity is really fundamental in science, and can even be identified in quantum cosmology as symmetry breaking of local gauge symmetries generating the complexity of matter and forces in our universe. Applications are considered in economic, financial, and social systems with the emergence of equilibrium states, symmetry breaking at critical points of phase transitions and risky acting at the edge of chaos.

Cosmic evolution leads from symmetry to complexity by symmetry breaking and phase transitions. The emergence of new order and structure in nature and society is explained by physical, chemical, biological, social and economic self-organization, according to the laws of nonlinear dynamics. All these dynamical systems are considered computational systems processing information and entropy. Are symmetry and complexity only useful models of science or are they universals of reality? Symmetry and Complexity discusses the fascinating insights gained from natural, social and computer sciences, philosophy and the arts. With many diagrams and pictures, this book illustrates the spirit and beauty of nonlinear science. In the complex world of globalization, it strongly argues for unity in diversity.