Bøger af Luiz Gustavo Batista Ferreira

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rainfall variability and to determine the frequency of droughts periods during the soybean cycle, in the Western region of the Paraná State. For that objective, were used meteorological data from 48 stations, distributed along the Western of Paraná state, from 1976 to 2018. Rainfall variability was analyzed in the annual, monthly and 10-days scales, and the frequencies of droughts periods of 10 days from September to March and ¿ 20 days during the year, and it was used the Climatological Water Balance (CLIMWB) during the cycle of soybean, according to the method of Thornthwaite and Mather. The Available Water Capacity (AWC) used was 20 mm. It was verified rainfall variability in area of the study, however with sufficient rainfall for soybean cultivation requirements. The topography favors the distribution of rainfall in the region of this study. The Southern region has the highest average rainfall, while the Northern area has the lowest. The droughts periods frequencies per moving 10-day periods exhibited a maximum of 35 % between the months of September and March in the region.

Producing enough food for an increasing population is considered one of the greatest challenges (BURNS et al., 2010). The United Nations (UN) estimated the world population will exceed 9.7 billion in 2050 (UN, 2021) and this expansion will increase the demand for food (SAATH; FACHINELLO, 2018). In this context, agriculture has a key relevance, once this activity is responsible for producing food, using less areas as possible (SENTELHAS et al., 2015). According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO (2013), the availability of agricultural areas is concentrated only in a few countries, with about 90 % of land for agricultural expansion located in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. In Latin America, Brazil has a key relevance for food production, with high potential for expansion (SAATH; FACHINELLO, 2018). However, environmental concerns and the preservation of native forests have limited the agricultural expansion, thus, the appropriated alternative is increasing yields, instead of deforestation (SAATH; FACHINELLO, 2018).

Crop breeding can be characterized as the art and science of developing plants with higher productivity, added to other agronomic characteristics of interest (resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses), and which reflects a reduction in investments with agricultural inputs. For the characterization and evaluation of the accessions, in April 2010, 209 accessions of the AWGB -IAPAR and 16 cultivars in a simple lattice design (15x15) were sown in the experimental area of IAPAR in Londrina, and data from 16 morphological and agronomic characteristics were taken. For all characteristics, analysis of variance, grouping of averages, analysis of simple linear correlation and analysis of genetic diversity with subsequent grouping by the UPGMA and Tocher methods were performed. It was found that the average efficiency ofthe lattice was 1.21 % with IC5 %: [99.31 ~ 103.11 %], representing little efficiency in relation tothe randomized block design.

In AGRONOMY, relevant themes for modern Brazilian agriculture are approached, such as the management of soil organic matter (SOM) and its implications in conservationist cultivation; Fertilization Systems in the Midwest; Conservationist Practices in the Paraná Watersheds; ILPF Project - Forest Crop-Livestock Integration. Other topics such as the rural question in Brazil, projects with medicinal plants, genetic improvement of plants are also covered. A single volume of high-level content, entirely supported by scientific literature - theses/dissertations, articles published in national and international journals, abstracts of scientific congresses and scientific books.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the rainfall variability and to determine the frequency of droughts periods during the soybean cycle, in the Western region of the Paraná State. For that objective, were used meteorological data from 48 stations, distributed along the Western of Paraná state, from 1976 to 2018. Rainfall variability was analyzed in the annual, monthly and 10-days scales, and the frequencies of droughts periods of 10 days from September to March and ¿ 20 days during the year, and it was used the Climatological Water Balance (CLIMWB) during the cycle of soybean, according to the method of Thornthwaite and Mather. The Available Water Capacity (AWC) used was 20 mm. It was verified rainfall variability in area of the study, however with sufficient rainfall for soybean cultivation requirements. The topography favors the distribution of rainfall in the region of this study. The Southern region has the highest average rainfall, while the Northern area has the lowest. The droughts periods frequencies per moving 10-day periods exhibited a maximum of 35 % between the months of September and March in the region.

This Work has a collection of papers on agroclimatology published in Scientific Congresses: The Brazilian Congress of Climatology - CBMET 2016, held in Joao Pessoa (PB) and the Brazilian Congress of Agroclimatology - CBAGRO 2017 held in Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA). This work also has Technical Bulletins published by the author in the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR), now Paraná Rural Development Institute IAPAR-EMATER and a scientific report published in soil and water conservation project.

Bees have undoubtedly important functions for mankind. One of the main ones, if not the main one, is the pollination of different crops, ensuring food and our daily bread, including through honey, in this case, feeding us directly. Unfortunately, some species are in danger of extinction and their populations are reduced, mainly due to the incorrect use of pesticides, which need to be handled in the safest and most recommended way possible.

Part I. The objective of this work was to evaluate, characterize and conserve the genetic resources of the Active Bank of Wheat Germplasm (BAGT) and promote the pre-improvement in order to broaden the genetic base of the wheat breeding program of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR). For the characterization and evaluation of accessions, in April 2010, 209 accessions of BAGT-IAPAR and 16 control cultivars were sown in the experimental area of IAPAR in Londrina, in a simple layout (15x15), and data from 16 morphological and agronomic characteristics were taken. For all characteristics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), grouping of means, simple linear correlation analysis and genetic diversity analysis were performed with subsequent clustering by UPGMA and Tocher methods (multivariate statistical methods). Part II. The debate over what is conventionally called "The Agrarian Question in Brazil" has been intensifying in recent years. It is not, however, the first time that this theme is discussed among us. In fact, this polemic has already polarized a great part of the debates in other periods of the national life.

Unter Pflanzenzüchtern gibt es eine Angst vor der Abnahme der genetischen Variabilität, die als genetische Erosion bezeichnet wird und durch die Einrichtung von Keimplasma-Banken umgangen werden kann. Ein weiterer Punkt betrifft die Verengung der genetischen Basis moderner Kultivare verschiedener Arten, darunter auch Weizen, da Forscher bevorzugt Elitestämme als Genitoren in Züchtungsprogrammen verwenden (Goodman, 1990; Reif et al., 2005).Diese Strategie öffnet eine Lücke zwischen genetischen Ressourcen und Züchtungsaktivitäten. Während Forscher, die sich mit genetischen Ressourcen beschäftigen, die Variabilität sammeln und bewahren, haben Züchter die vorhandene Vielfalt nicht genutzt. Nach Angaben der FAO (1996) wurde die enorme genetische Variabilität des Weizens, die in Ex-situ-Keimplasmabanken gelagert wird, nicht für die Entwicklung neuer Sorten genutzt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist also die Regeneration, Vermehrung, Charakterisierung, Erhaltung und Förderung der Vorverbesserung der genetischen Ressourcen aus der Aktiven Bank für Weizenkeimplasma (BAGT) des Agronomischen Instituts von Paraná (IAPAR)