Bøger af Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish

All references in the field of manuscript paintings related to the Arab School mentioned that the borders of this school extend to Iraq, Iran, the Levant, Egypt, Morocco, and Andalusia. However, research in the context of this school¿s paintings has revealed that the Matenadaran of Mashtots in Armenia preserves a number of manuscripts produced by the Armenian painter Grigor Tatevatsi and the anonymous of Syuniq, which dates back to the end of the fourteenth century and the beginning of the fifteenth century. Since this painter had previously lived in Iran and Jerusalem for long periods, he was greatly influenced by the images of the Arab school and transferred many of the decorative elements of this school to the images included in the Gospels that he produced.

The interest of the Ayyubid kings in military architecture was due to the many campaigns and Crusades between the Franks and Muslims. Ayyubids were active and worked to fortify their country by building walls and castles and rebuilding the demolished ancient fortresses to ward off enemy attacks.The Ayyubid state is attributed to having built a group of forts and castles, among the most important citadels built by Saladin was his citadel in Cairo and the wall that extends around the cities that formed the city of Cairo during his reign, which was the city of Fustat, Al-Askar, and Cairo. The goal of The erection of this wall protected the country from the plots of aggressors, as well as the huge walls that he ordered to be built around Alexandria. The wall was double and topped with high towers. We were able, through published pictures of two of the wall towers in Alexandria, to determine the features of these towers, in addition to the Pharaoh¿s Island Castle, which was revealed. Archaeological excavations have shown that this island was used in more than one era, but the buildings remaining there now date back to the Ayyubid era.

Hermann Thiersch mentioned in the introduction to the book, which he wrote on June 21, 1908: "This study is considered a theoretical excavation limited to what was mentioned in the references to determine the location of the lighthouse. Therefore, it is necessary to excavate the site of Qaitbay Castle and examines its foundations and their remains to remove the mystery of the most important treasure of its Archaeological treasures". All this despite the fact that he stated that the study "is tantamount to theoretical exploration."When he published his book, he kept striving to prove that the book was a result of the excavations that he carried out with his father at the lighthouse site, although the book relies in everything - even in descriptive studies - on references that previously dealt with the lighthouse, in the introduction to the book, it was mentioned that his father, August Thiersch, was credited with preparing drawings of the projections, sectors, and detailed facades of the lighthouse, which bear his signature in (1907). This book offers a refutation of the claim that Pharos, by Hermann Thiersch, was based on excavations made by his father.

Questo libro racconta le difficili vicende vissute dall'Egitto in quindici anni, intitolati Quindici anni decisivi nella storia dell'Egitto (1798-1812), anni costellati dalla campagna francese del 1798-1801 e dalla campagna inglese del 1807, dalla lotta interna per il governo, dal conflitto internazionale tra Inghilterra e Francia e dal ruolo svolto dal sultano ottomano Selim III e dal sovrano d'Egitto Muhammad Ali.Il libro è suddiviso in quattro assi, tra cui 14 ricerche, che trattano: i difficili eventi che l'Egitto ha attraversato, tra cui: Primo: Campagna francese 1798-1801 attraverso quattro ricerche.Secondo: Tra le campagne francese e inglese 1801-1807 attraverso tre ricerche.Terzo: La campagna inglese del 1807 attraverso tre ricerche.Quarto: Dopo la campagna inglese 1807-1812 attraverso quattro ricerche tra cui.

Der Sieg der Bevölkerung der ägyptischen Stadt (Rosetta) während des britischen Feldzuges 1807 war ein Meilenstein in der Militärgeschichte, da dieser Sieg nach der Niederlage der britischen Armee eine wichtige Rolle im globalen politischen Kampf während des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts spielte.Dieses Buch behandelt drei Themen, die die innere Situation in Ägypten, Großbritannien und dem Osmanischen Reich nach dem Sieg von Rosetta über die britische Armee 1807 und seine Folgen zusammenfassen: die Stabilität der Herrschaft von Mohamed Ali nach dem Scheitern des englischen Feldzugs 1807, die innere Situation am osmanischen Hof und in Großbritannien nach der Niederlage der britischen Armee in Rosetta 1807, die Konflikte zwischen den Großmächten nach dem Rückzug des britischen Feldzugs auf Ägypten (1806-1812).

Heritage and cultural property represent the collective memory of peoples that are transmitted from generation to generation, mixed with the features of the national personality and its distinctive characteristics. Antiquities constitute a link in the circles of cultural and civilizational development, and what confirms this is that the loss of any antiquity represents a loss, not only for the country that has the antiquity, but for all of humanity. In these circumstances, it is not surprising to find that wars and globalization have pose a threat to antiquities, as antiquities, cultural properties, and heritage of many countries are destroyed, under the pretext of military necessity. The book aims to highlight the repercussions, and dangers that surround the cultural and cultural wealth existing in the Arab countries, which took systematic forms in the destruction of historical monuments and religious sites, the control of Western media and illustrated news sources over Arab news, the role of media awareness in confronting the influence of satellite channels, the Internet, social networks, and other dominant media, a large part of which has become a threat to national identity.

This book deals with an account of the difficult events that Egypt went through during fifteen years, entitled Fifteen decisive years in the history of Egypt (1798-1812), which are the years that were punctuated by the French campaign 1798-1801 and the English campaign 1807, and the internal struggle over governance, as well as the international conflict between England and France and the role played by the Ottoman Sultan Selim III and the ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali.The book is divided into four axes, including 14 research papers, dealing with: the difficult events that Egypt went through, including: First: French Campaign 1798-1801 through four researches.Second: Between the French and English Campaigns 1801-1807 through three researches.Third: The English Campaign of 1807 through three researches including.Fourth: After the English campaign 1807-1812 through four researches including.

This book deals with an important topic summarizing the research issues in the humanities and its relationship with the theory of scientific epistemology, through a brief study on scientific research in the light of the definition of scientific research and the concept of science and its functions and objectives, in addition to scientific knowledge.There is no doubt that the close relationship between scientific research and epistemology plays a key role in the scope of knowledge, its interpretation in short, and how to obtain it and what is the connection between them and the existing facts around it.Research and science includes through the presentation of the concept: the definition of research, the concept of science, its functions and objectives of science, scientific knowledge and its characteristics. It also deals with: scientific research, its origins, concepts, objectives, types, characteristics and difficulties faced by researchers. It deals with scientific research in the humanities by studying its objectives, types, field research difficulties, and the characteristics of the researcher.

This book deals with Archaeological excavations in Rosetta - Egypt, and the documentation of scientific achievements in three projects of unprecedented discoveries in archaeological sites, these projects are: the archaeological discoveries at the site of the Rosetta Castle which is attributed to the Mamluk Sultan Qaytbay in the village of Burj of Rosetta, the site of Al-¿Abed Castle on the Mediterranean coast and the Zawiyat Al-Bawab in Abu Mandour, south of Rosetta.I conducted these excavations during the period from 1985 to 1989, during my work as director of the Rashid antiquities area and head of the mission of the Islamic and Coptic antiquities sector at the Egyptian Antiquities Authority.These excavations at the three sites helped to reach new results, which are among the most important scientific achievements that helped to determine the full details, plan and architectural elements of the two castles and The Zawiya, which is a new and unprecedented addition.

Questo libro tratta i disegni di animali mitici su edifici e manufatti islamici applicati, in particolare i disegni del drago, che si diffondono in modo da attirare l'attenzione, sia su edifici che su opere d'arte varie.Il libro ruota attorno a diversi assi, tra cui la definizione degli animali mitici che i musulmani utilizzavano come elementi decorativi, nonché gli animali mitici nell'arte islamica, dove compaiono i disegni della fenice (simurgh), l'uccello dal volto umano, i disegni di uccelli con testa umana, il cavallo alato e l'aquila (grifone) che compare in due immagini: la prima sotto forma di animale alato con testa di uccello, due ali, collo lungo e testa di uccello, e l'animale alato con testa umana, l'aquila a due teste, forme di draghi, disegni di uccelli e forme di draghi affrontati, insieme alla sirena o sirena.La ricerca si è occupata dell'elemento del drago nei manufatti islamici, della sua definizione e del suo trasferimento nelle arti islamiche su pietre, marmi, manufatti metallici, ceramiche, tessuti e tappeti, oltre alle immagini dei manoscritti, come le immagini Mughal e Timurid e le immagini Safavid.

This book of deals with the drawings of mythical animals on buildings and applied Islamic artifacts, especially the drawings of the dragon, which spread in a way that attracts attention, whether on buildings or on various arts.The book revolves around several axes, including defining the mythical animals that Muslims used as decorative elements, as well as the mythical animals in Islamic art, where drawings of the phoenix (simurgh), the bird with a human face, drawings of birds with human heads, the winged horse, and the eagle (griffon) that appeared in two pictures: the first is in the form of a winged animal with a bird's head, two wings, a long neck and a bird's head, and the winged animal with a human head, the two-headed eagle, dragon shapes, birds' drawings, and facing dragons forms, along with the sirenah or mermaid.The research dealt with the element of the dragon on Islamic artifacts, the definition of the dragon, and its transfer to Islamic arts on stones, marble, metal artifacts, ceramics, textiles and carpets, in addition to the pictures of manuscripts, such as Mughal and Timurid pictures, and Safavid pictures.