Bøger af Musa Khan Jalalzai

Technology has empowered antagonism with the ability to form nearly enough factions to erode the power of the state. It has enabled the theft of secrets and the proliferation of dangerous knowledge over vast distances. Governments no longer have a monopoly over information. Secrets are harder to keep than ever before. At the same time, technology has made the dream of near real-time fusion of intelligence come true. It has revolutionised tradecraft and continued to hold out the promise of being able to detect dangerous corporeality. After the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, intelligence agencies were desperately looking for a different mission to justify their existence. The mandate of intelligence defines its job and stresses the need to perform it within a legal framework and demonstrate resilience and ambitions. In several European states, during the operation of intelligence agencies, many things are not going in the right direction. These kinds of operations have never been successful. A clearly defined mandate helps a security intelligence service to function within a statutory remit. Through various measures, intelligence agencies collect information about sarcastic elements and foreign networks. Following the post-cold war intelligence mechanism in Britain and European Union member states, the emerging threat of foreign espionage has become precarious to national security. Cyber terrorism and information theft are a second type of threat to the economy and businesses of the government. However, one type of espionage that has not emaciated but rather expanded after the end of the Cold War is economic espionage. Threat intelligence provides better insight into the threat landscape and threat actors. Foreign espionage is not one kind of interference in the affairs of the state but damages national security. Hostile states have been attempting to harm and intimidate businesses and infiltrate government institutions to create an environment of fear. Some Eastern European intelligence agencies are undergoing a deep crisis of confidence, and national security management. A contest of strength between domestic and foreign intelligence agencies and, a misplaced sense of professional approach, poor organisational management, threaten the security of these states.

Intelligence reforms in France brought some changes to its intelligence infrastructure, but the state has been stabilised, and its counter terrorism operations succeeded to defeated radicalised elements. There are several oversight institutions that check performance and operational mechanism of law enforcement agencies. On 08 December 2020, French President Emmanuel Macron warned that police reforms can change attitude of the force. ¿I want to move quickly and concretely¿ he mentioned this in a letter to the police union. Later on a strict security law draft was introduced. In another letter to the Unity-SGP-FO police, President Macron said: ¿It is urgent to act to beef up the trust between the French and the police.¿ On 05 November 2020, the President said that his country was fighting ¿Islamist separatism, never Islam¿ A knife attack in Nice that killed three people, was blamed on a Tunisian migrant who had crossed into France. President Macron had expressed deep concern over the protests in some Muslim-majority countries. Later on President Macron announced new police reforms after numerous allegations of police brutality.

In Central Asia, the focus of Jihadists groups has been Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan since 2001, but it is unclear how many Central Asian fighters will ultimately seek to return to their countries of origin, and if they do, whether any of them will remain committed to ISIS terrorist group. Before the rise of ISIS, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) was the main Central Asian extremist organisation in the field. Its base of operations is in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Central Asian fighters linked to ISIS headquarters in Syria also participated in acts of terrorism in other countries. The ISIS has previously restrained itself from getting involved in attacks in Central Asia as the group¿s leadership emphasised that attacking this region was not the highest priority. In July 2018, five Tajik men killed four foreign cyclists in a car-ramming attack, accompanied by an on-foot gun and knife assault in the Khatlon province of Tajikistan. The presence of Daesh in Iraq and Afghanistan, and participation of Central Asian jihadists in it prompted consternation in the region. In Syria, the radical Islamic militants from Central Asia established terrorist organisations of their own.

Afghan army once besieged the house of war criminal and Vice President Abdul Rashid Dostum to arrest his bodyguards involved in the sexual abuse of former governor of Jowzjan province Ahmad Eshchi. Mr Eshchi was beaten, abused for hours and pictured on mobile phone by the bodyguards of Afghan Vice President. The Vice President has also been accused of having sex with the governor in his guest-room in the presence of his bodyguards. ¿You will not believe what I will say. He (Dostum) said first he wants to have sex with him (Eshchi). He (Dostum) ordered his guys to lift me up," Eshchi said in an interview with Tolo News. He said: ¿I took Gen Dostum hand and greeted him. From that point, he started abusing me verbally. He told me that he knows what I have done. He told me he knows what my son has done. -Who will look for you if I kill you here? I will throw you under the horses and do Buzkashi game on you. He called on his bodyguards and told them to grab me and beat me. He (Dostum) laid me on the ground and put his foot on my neck," Eshchi said. The shame culture of Bacha Bazi (child sexual abuse) in Afghanistan continues to make the lives of young boys and children vulnerable.

On 19 October 2017, widows of Afghan Army officers and soldiers killed in war against Taliban and the ISIS (2017) were forced to perform sexual favours for officials of the Defence Ministry before they could obtain pension benefits, the U.S. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) disclosed in his report. In July 2018, a man in Badghis allegedly tortured and strangled his nine-year-old wife to death. Sexual harassment of women in Afghanistan has always been a hidden challenge, but due to the traditional and patriarchal (man-led) structures of the Afghan community and the institutionalization of harassment, the women seal their mouths and silently tolerate the harassment. Revealing such cases and filing a formal petition is considered a disgrace (shame) and causes society to question the dignity and honor of women in Afghanistan. Harassment of women is tolerated in society and the relevant authorities do not take such cases seriously which has created many challenges for women in Afghanistan including dispossession of individual liberties, violations of women¿s fundamental rights, abuse and rape of women.

The issue of foreign fighters, or proxy militias have circulated in newspapers and journals since the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As we read in newspapers, proxy militias have reached Ukraine and are fighting against Russian and Ukraine¿s army in different cities. Russia transported Chechen militias and Wagner group into Ukraine. The Ukraine's army all but humiliated the Russian army, and forced its commanders to reconsider the policy of fratricide. There were different perceptions about these militias and their fighting capabilities, but one thing was clear that these militias might be effective in guerrilla war, not in traditional technological war. We know Wagner¿s operational capabilities in Libya, Syria and Africa, but in Ukraine the militias faced a strong army adorned with modern weapons and technology.

This book discusses the situation of the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic and the way the Govt handled the situation.

This book discusses the danger of nuclear and biological terrorism and the strategies of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia based extremist and jihadist groups to purchase fissile material in black market or steal it from a military or civilian facility and then use that material to construct an improvised nuclear device.

Pakistan maintains 32 secret agencies working under different democratic, political, and military stakeholders who use them for their own interests. The working of various intelligence agencies, the militarisation of intelligence and ineffectiveness of the civilian intelligence are some of the issues discussed in the book.

This book highlights intelligence and security sector reforms within the European Union, radicalization, espionage and the Lone-Wolves attacks.

The book is a collection of articles by eminent scholars on the future of the illicit trade of nuclear materials in South Asia by non-state actors and terrorists.