Bøger af National Academy of Sciences

A Risk Reduction Strategy for Human Exploration of Space: A Review of NASA's Bioastronautics Roadmap (2006)

Explores the ethical issues posed when conducting research designed to identify, understand, or ameliorate housing-related health hazards among children. Such research involves children as subjects and is conducted in the home and in communities.

Highlights obstacles in the transition from a US-Russian cooperative program to a Russian-directed and Russian-funded indigenized program. This report recommends the establishment of a ten-year indigenization fund provided by Russia and its G-8 partners as a new mechanism for shifting the financial burden to the Russian Government.

Toxicogenomics is a discipline that combines expertise in toxicology, genetics, molecular biology, and environmental health to help understand the response of living organisms to stressful environments. The National Research Council convened a workshop to discuss how toxicogenomic data could be applied to improve risk assessments.

Describes and assesses the varied economic benefits derived from modernizing and expanding seismic monitoring activities in the United States. These benefits include more effective loss avoidance regulations and strategies, improved understanding of earthquake processes, better engineering design, and more.

Explores how the transition to adulthood is changing in developing countries in light of globalization and what the implications of these changes might be for those responsible for designing youth policies and programs. This volume is of interest to scholars, leaders of civil society, and those charged with designing youth policies and programs.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have been used in military operations for more than 60 years, with torpedoes, cruise missiles, satellites, and target drones being early examples. This title considers the potential of AVs for naval operations, operational needs and technology issues, and opportunities for improved operations.

Offers the consensus findings and recommendations of a joint committee established by the US National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences to identify methods of improving the ongoing cooperation between the two nations in this area.

Looks at the diverse populations encompassed by the term Hispanic. This title describes the trajectory of the younger generations and established residents, and it projects long-term trends in population aging, social disparities, and social mobility that have shaped and will shape the Hispanic experience.

Metrics - a system of measurement that includes the item being measured, the unit of measurement, and the value of the unit - offers a tool for measuring climate research and improving program performance. This report lays out a framework for creating and implementing metrics for the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP).

Mammography is an important tool for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. When coupled with appropriate treatment, early detection can reduce breast cancer mortality. This book provides recommendations aimed at improving mammography interpretation; and, revising MQSA regulations, inspections, and enforcement.

Recognizing the importance of good nutrition for physical and mental status, the Department of Defense asked the Institute of Medicine to guide the design of the nutritional composition of a ration for soldiers on short-term, high-stress missions. This book considers military performance, health concerns, food intake, and food technology issues.

Illustrates the critical role of engineering research in maintaining US technological leadership. This book also offers specific recommendations for leaders in federal and state government, industry, and universities to help strengthen US engineering research in the face of intensifying global competition.

The Domain Name System (DNS) enables alphanumeric names and domain names to be assigned to Internet sites. Many of these names have gained economic, social, and political value, leading to conflicts over their ownership, especially names containing trademarked terms. This report presents the results of a study conducted to address these issues.

Advanced polymer matrix composites are expected to play a greater role in future military systems. This report provides an assessment of fiber technology and industries, a discussion of R&D opportunities for DOD, and recommendations about accelerating technology transition, reducing costs, and improving understanding of the design methodology.

In 2001, the National Research Council completed a congressionally mandated assessment of the benefits and costs of DOE's fossil energy and energy efficiency R&D programs, Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? The first phase of the project - development of the methodology - began in December 2003. This report presents the results of phase one.

The Smallpox Vaccination Programme: Public Health in an Age of Terrorism

On October 25-26, 2005, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable held a workshop to explore issues involving those who use and contribute to chemical literature, as well as those who publish and disseminate chemical journals. A summary was written to capture the presentations and discussions that occurred during the workshop.

Because of the advances in the scientists' ability to analyze environmental information from geological data, the National Science Foundation and the US Geological Survey asked a National Research Council committee to assess the scientific opportunities and recommend how scientists can take advantage of these. This work presents these assessments.

Biographical Memoirs V.87

Identifies a set of measures that could be used to gauge Georgia's progress in improving the quality of its cancer services and in reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality.

Across the United States, municipalities, counties, and states grapple with issues of ensuring adequate amounts of water in times of high demand and low supply. This title reviews the instream flow programs that aim to balance ecosystem requirements and human uses of water, and try to determine how much water should be in rivers.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) manages sites across the nation that focus on research, design, and production of nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors for defense applications. This report addresses how DOE should incorporate risk into decisions about whether the nation should use alternatives to deep geologic disposal for some of these wastes.

The National Research Council's Disasters Roundtable and the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine were established as mechanisms for bringing various stakeholders together to discuss timely issues in a neutral setting. This title presents the summary of a workshop.

Communicating Toxicogenomics Information to Nonexperts

Community colleges play an important role in starting students on the road to engineering careers, but students often face obstacles in transferring to four-year educational institutions to continue their education. This book discusses ways to improve the transfer experience for students at community colleges.

The city of Pittsburgh and surrounding area of southwestern Pennsylvania face complex water quality problems. This report finds that a watershed-based approach is needed to effectively meet water quality standards throughout the region in a cost-effective manner. It outlines both technical and institutional alternatives for such an approach.

The Defense Science Board concluded that Sea Basing will be a critical future joint military capability. This report of the workshop includes an examination of Sea Basing operational concepts; ship and aircraft technology available to make Sea Basing work; and issues involved in creating the sea base as a joint system of systems.