Bøger af Nebras Rada Mohammed

The book was written about the use of biological methods in the manufacture of nanoparticles, including the use of microorganisms and the use of plants. Many medical applications for this book were discussed, including in the field of health and treatment, including in the field of diagnosis and others in delivering treatment to the target place, as well as targeting tumors.Nanotechnology is the control of materials and parts at the nanoscale (less than 100 nanometers). Multiple applications, nanotechnology is used in new industries such as medicine, pharmaceuticals and biomaterials. Development of nanoparticles, organic methods including Bacteria, viruses and living cells can be made into nanoparticles; Mechanical methods, thermal cracking and electrostatic cracking are simple methods for making nanoparticles; Chemical methods Biological method including Synthesis using plant extract. synthesis using enzymes and synthesis using agricultural waste.Green synthesis of Nanoparticles, use of biological routes such as those involving microorganisms and plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles.

As the 19th century can be considered the age of cellular biology, the 20th and 21st centuries were characterized primarily by developments in molecular biology. In the 1970s the development of recombinant DNA technology opened the way to genetic engineering, which enabled researchers to recombine nucleic acids and thereby modify organisms' genetic codes, giving the organisms new abilities or eliminating undesirable traits. Those developments were followed by advances in cloning technologies, which led to the generation in 1996 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone of an adult mammal. Together, recombinant DNA technology and reproductive cloning (the method used to produce a living animal clone) facilitated great progress in the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Such organisms became crucial components of biomedical research, where genetically modified (GM) mice and other animals were developed to model certain human diseases, thereby facilitating the investigation of new therapies and the factors that cause disease. Recombinant DNA technology played a crucial role in the generation of GM crops, including pest-resistant forms of cotton and herbicide-resistant forms of maize (corn) and soybeans.