Bøger af Peter Reuter

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This book concludes that AmericaOs drug policy should be reoriented in several ways to be more effective.

Birkhauser`s Dictionary of Human Biology is the most comprehensive English-German/ German-English dictionary on the international market. More than 60.000 entries and subentries with some 150.000 translations and an extent appendix with abbreviations and terminologia anatomica provide users with an unrivaled coverage of medical, biological and related bioscientific areas. The dictionary excels through a harmonious synthesis of biomedical and general bilingual dictionaries, making it the ideal choice for users from both scientific and linguistic fields. Furthermore, Birkhuser`s Dictionary of Human Biology is marked by a first class linguistic and lexicographic treatment and offers additional features, such as syllabification and pronounciation, that help in achieving a very high user friendliness and user satisfaction.

This book provides the first multidisciplinary and nonpartisan analysis of how the United States should decide on the legal status of cocaine, heroin and marijuana. It draws on data about the experiences of Western European nations with less punitive drug policies as well as new analyses of America's experience with legal cocaine and heroin a century ago, and of America's efforts to regulate gambling, prostitution, alcohol and cigarettes. It offers projections on the likely consequences of a number of different legalization regimes and shows that the choice about how to regulate drugs involves complicated tradeoffs among goals and conflict among social groups. The book presents a sophisticated discussion of how society should deal with the uncertainty about the consequences of legal change. Finally, it explains, in terms of individual attitudes toward risk, why it is so difficult to accomplish substantial reform of drug policy in America.

It is widely believed that monopoly control, based on violence, corruption or risk-spreading, is characteristic of markets for illegal goods and services, such as marijuana and bookmaking. This essay examines the effects on the organization of a market arising from changing the status of a good or service from legal to illegal.In general, it can be shown that illegal enterprises are likely to be smaller than their legal counterparts. The most important reasons for this are the lack of external credit markets, itself a consequence of the non-existence of audited records, the lack of court enforceable contracts, and the need to restrict knowledge of participation in the enterprise. The inability to advertise or to create goodwill for the enterprise itself, as opposed to goodwill for its agents, is also significant. Corruption is likely to affect the organization of the market only under special circumstances, where there is a single agency which monopolizes enforcement. Though that condition held for most illegal markets thirty years ago enforcement now is fragmented and overlapping, which inhibits an agency from granting a monopoly franchise.The introduction of violence does not in general change this result. The use of violence to acquire market power can occur only where there is a ready focus for that violence. Most illegal markets lack either time or space consistency that would permit exclusion of competition. Some comments about the optimal use of violence are offered.The final section offers some analysis of the plausibility of using illegal market enforcement as an instrument of organized crime control. There have been systematic changes in the set of opportunities available to organized crime members; illegal markets no longer are so central to the power and income of organized crime. The shift from gambling to narcotics markets has also weakened the link between organized crime and illegal markets.

Presents a concise, accessible, objective view of where the United States has been, now stands, and is going in the future in its long "war on drugs."