Bøger af Rajeev K. Goel

Drivers of International Research Spending contributes to the literature on the economics of technical change in two ways. First, it provides an overview and a critical appraisal of the literature on the drivers of research spending, especially focusing on the extant empirical studies in recent years. Second, it provides a unique insight into the empirical determinants of research spending using micro or firm-level data on research spending decisions across a very large sample of mostly emerging nations. Firm-level information on research enables the consideration of many characteristics (e.g., size, vintage, ownership, etc.) of firms that perform research. This monograph is organized as follows. The authors begin by presenting a schematic diagram that describes their vision about what constitutes R&D, its various dimensions, and the key players involved in such activity. Next, they present an extended overview of the literature on the causes and effects of technical change, including the drivers of research spending. The authors then discuss micro-level data sets on technical changes and R&D activity, with special attention given to the Enterprise Surveys (ES) dataset organized through the World Bank, which is employed in modeling cross-country firm-level R&D decision-making. Finally, the monograph provides recommendations for technology policy and suggests some directions for future research.

Tobacco is reported to be the second major cause of death in the world and there is ever-increasing interest in the costs of smoking, especially in the light of evidence of the health effects of second-hand smoke. This book brings together the findings of economists on the effectiveness of price and non-price policy initiatives to combat smoking and draws conclusions regarding the efficacy of the various policy measures.

Tobacco is reported to be the second major cause of death in the world and there is ever-increasing interest in the costs of smoking, especially in the light of evidence of the health effects of second-hand smoke. This book brings together the findings of economists on the effectiveness of price and non-price policy initiatives to combat smoking and draws conclusions regarding the efficacy of the various policy measures. The authors evaluate the relative effectiveness of price-based smoking control policies (i.e. tax) in relation to non-price strategies (including advertising restrictions, sales restrictions, territorial restrictions and health warnings). They review evidence not only from the US but also from around the world, drawing important conclusions for developing countries where smoking is on the rise. The book will be essential reading for policy makers, health practitioners and researchers in health economics.

Scholars, students, policy makers and business practitioners will find the theoretical and empirical models provided by this book helpful in understanding the economics of technical change at both the micro and macro levels.