Bøger af Rayan Amir

The subject of money laundering is always topical, and is dealt with in numerous reports by international organizations, as well as in analyses and other studies by experts, academics and other researchers. This is the "classic" form of money laundering, involving both financial and non-financial businesses and professions, as defined by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the international body that sets standards in the fight against money laundering and the financing of terrorism. It is true that the theme of money laundering, in its "classic" form, has been sufficiently dealt with, but not in its "evolved" form with the use of new technologies, hence the choice of the theme of this book. Indeed, a new, "more sophisticated" form of money laundering has emerged in recent years with the use of new technologies, also involving, unbeknownst to them, new intermediaries, namely Internet service providers through their platforms, as well as the financial sector through the various services and products it offers.

O tema proposto neste livro "branqueamento de moedas virtuais sujas" é novo e actual. Inédito porque se trata de moedas virtuais "sujas". Sujas porque são adquiridas de forma fraudulenta (roubo, fraude, pirataria informática, phishing, phishing, pirataria informática...), ou adquiridas legalmente mas com dinheiro sujo e finalmente utilizadas para fins criminosos (branqueamento de capitais, compra de droga, armas...). O livro é actual porque aborda a Internet, as novas tecnologias, as moedas virtuais, os riscos potenciais e as medidas a tomar para os regular, controlar e tratar judicialmente.O livro exigiu um esforço intenso que envolveu vários meses de pesquisa, leitura e consulta da Web. O livro faz referência a numerosos relatórios, estudos e outros documentos ricos, como mostra a extensa bibliografia publicada em anexo, relativa aos escritos de organizações internacionais, instituições nacionais competentes na matéria e escritos relatados por peritos e pela imprensa internacional.

The topic proposed in this book "laundering of dirty virtual currencies" is new and topical. Unpublished because it deals with "dirty" virtual currencies. Dirty because they are acquired fraudulently (theft, fraud, hacking, phishing, phishing, hacking ...), or acquired legally but with dirty money and finally used for criminal purposes (money laundering, purchase of drugs, weapons ...). It is topical because it deals with the Internet, new technologies, virtual currencies, the potential risks and the measures to be taken to regulate, monitor and deal with them in the courts.The book required an intense effort involving several months of research, reading and consultation on the Web. The book refers to numerous reports, studies and other rich documents, as shown by the extensive bibliography published in the appendix, relating to the writings of international organisations, national institutions competent in the field and writings reported by experts and the international press.

Every year, huge amounts of money are illegally transferred out of developing countries. Given the difficulty of estimating the amount of money involved in criminal and terrorist financing activities, experts have created a new statistical instrument called Gross Criminal Product (GCP), which represents the annual global turnover of all illicit activities. It is also difficult to estimate the turnover of what has been called the global gross criminal product. The IMF estimates the amount of this annual PCB to be between 500 and 1,500 billion dollars. The FATF estimates $1 trillion. Several economic models are used to provide estimates of the amount of illicit financial flows and capital flight, including:- The hot money model;- The World Bank residual model;- The fraudulent commercial billing model.

Cada año, enormes cantidades de dinero salen ilegalmente de los países en desarrollo. Dada la dificultad de cuantificar las masas financieras vinculadas a las actividades delictivas y de financiación del terrorismo, los expertos han creado un nuevo instrumento estadístico denominado Producto Criminal Bruto (PCB), que representa el volumen de negocios mundial anual de todas las actividades ilícitas. También es difícil estimar el volumen de negocios de lo que se ha dado en llamar el producto criminal bruto mundial. El FMI estima el importe de este PCB anual entre 500.000 y 1.500.000 millones de dólares. El GAFI calcula que asciende a 1 billón de dólares. Para proporcionar estimaciones de la cuantía de los flujos financieros ilícitos y la fuga de capitales se utilizan varios modelos económicos, entre ellos- El modelo de dinero caliente;- El modelo residual del Banco Mundial;- El modelo de facturación comercial fraudulenta.

Digitalization has become a key factor in the growth of organizations, offering productivity gains, access to new markets and the possibility to benefit from new services. With this digitalization has come a new form of risk, the "digital risk" or "cyber risk", which in a few years has become inescapable and difficult to control for organizations.These new threats are weighing on all organizations, which must now adapt to this increasingly threatening risk, regardless of their size, maturity and the nature of their activity.The emergence of a new risk, the "cyber risk", could become one of the major risks of today's world and, as technological advances continue to make rapid progress, even more so in the future.Because of the concentration of computer operating systems and software, cyber risk has a multiplicative character, which makes it a potentially systemic and international risk.

Digitalization has become a key growth factor for organizations, offering productivity gains, access to new markets and the possibility to benefit from new services. With this digitalization has come a new form of risk, the "digital risk" or "cyber risk", which in a few years has become inescapable and difficult to control for organizations.These new threats are weighing on all organizations, which must now adapt to this increasingly threatening risk, regardless of their size, maturity and the nature of their activity.The emergence of a new risk, the "cyber risk", could become one of the major risks of today's world and, as technological advances continue to make rapid progress, even more so in the future.Because of the concentration of computer operating systems and software, cyber risk has a multiplicative character, which makes it a potentially systemic and international risk.