Bøger af Santosh Kumar Singh

Transport is considered as the blood line of economic and industrial growth. Increasingly faster and saver movement of man and material is being sort by the society. The existing transport system directly influences socio-economic development of the city. Development is always slow where transportation system is inadequate. Quick and efficient transport transport means make the world smaller than that of our grandparents, . Fast and efficient transport means is not a matter of choice but it is a compulsion to fuel the economic development.The poor countries consumes a lot of time and energy to get the things moved. Transportation is directly related to population ad it is the increasing population which put severe pressure on transport system to meet the rising demand. While the demand for urban transport has been growing rapidly, the supply of transport infrastructure has not kept pace with it.The urban population of India has increased rapidly in recent year. In 1951 about 62 million people were living in urban area which touched the figure of 217 million in the year 1991. So it shows an increase of over 250% in Indian urban population. While the rural population of India grow at the rate of 1.6% per annum during the period 1951-91 where as the urban population increase at the rate of 3.2% during the same period.The population of Delhi stands at almost 15 million with the population density of 10360 person/km. it is the third most populous city in India after Mumbai and Kolkata and ranked tenth amongst the most cites of the world. Delhi work force went up from 49% in 1991 to 53% in 2001.4Delhi, perhaps, the only city of its size in the world which depends almost entirely on buses on it sole mode of mass transport. Bus services are inadequate and heavily over-crowded. This situation had led t proliferation of personilsed vehicles; Delhi has largest vehicle population in the country with a close to 4.5 million vehicles in 2004-05. Delhi which contains 1.4% of total population of India accounts for 7% of total vehicle in India. So much so that Delhi has more registered vehicle than the total number of vehicles in Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai put together. Nearly 70% of them are two wheelers. Its outcome as extreme congestion on the road, ever slowing speeds, increasing accident rate, fuel wastage and environmental pollution etc. Delhi has now become the fourth most polluted city in the world, with automobiles contributing more than two third of the total atmospheric pollution. Pollution related health problems are reaching disconcerting levelsNational Capital Territory of Delhi today covers an area of 1486 sq Kms and is a Union Territory with all powers of State Government. The history of planning aMetro project for Delhi dates back to 70's. The Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) undertook the first exhaustive study on traffic and travel characteristics of Delhi in 1969-70. While bringing out extensive data describing the traffic and travel characteristics, it developed mathematical models to project travel demand. By examining several alternatives, it recommended for a mass Rapid Transit Network for Delhi. Metropolitan Transport Team (MTT), Indian Railways, has reviewed the above schemes. MTT Sought for some modifications to recommendations of CRRI and planned for a well knit Mass Rapid Transit System for the capital city of India. The system comprised of 36 Km of underground corridors aligned two axes North-South and East-West Corridors and 96 Kms of surface rail corridors. Metropolitan Tansport Project (MTP-R, set up by the Ministry of Railways, Government of India) Prepared an engineering plan to construct the MTR system.

The high voltage gain converter is widely employed in industrial applications such as solar PV system, fuel cell, electrical vehicle, and high intensity discharged lamps. This research work has investigated the performance of various hybrid boosting converters used for renewable energy applications and will mostly focused on solar PV system. The design of hybrid boosting converter has gained the advantages of voltage regulation from its boost structure by the gain enhancement from its voltage multiplier structure. Many works are reported for the design of hybrid boost converter which consists of single switch, single inductor by employing bipolar voltage multiplier. This converter has less component stress, small amount of output ripple. The investigations for the performance analysis of the converter achieves extremely large voltage conversion ratio. The design should can boost the input voltage nearly to a significant level with less switches and inductors while maintaining high efficiency.

Everyone fantasies a home where all the appliances and devices work automatically. This is a small step towards achieving the features of the complete automation system for our home. There is a feature of automatic ON and OFF functioning of light that also depend upon if the person is available in the room. Remote controlled AC fan using an automatic disabling system. Fan speed will be changed according to our requirement. Security is the main concern for everyone. Everyone wants to live securely in his/her house to keep safe or secure from various incidents like theft. Nowadays, many times we hear news about a house robbery or theft in some houses, bungalows, flats. We all know that duplicate key can be created within a few minutes and also key duplication is easy. These are the disadvantages of the traditional locking system which uses a key and a lock. To overcome the above stated disadvantages of existing system we have designed a GSM based home security system. It can avoid these undesirable situations, and theft. PIR sensors are used to detect living object movement. PIR is a passive infrared sensor, which detect passive infrared rays.