Bøger af Shawket K. Jawad

From hydrochloric acid solutions extracted metal cations Cd(II) and Hg(II) after change into chloroanion complexes as ion pair association complexes by using many organic reagents as complexing agent according to liquid ion exchange method it was ¿-Naphthyl amine (¿-NA), 4-Amino benzoic acid (4-ABA), 2-[(4-Carboxy methyl phenyl)azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4-CMePADPI) and Cryptand C222, among the optimum conditions definition the laboratory experimental studies shows there was different optimum concentrations of hydrochloric acid HCl in the aqueous solutions according to the kind of organic reagent used,shaking times for the two phases, so that the research involved many other studies for instances electrolyte, interferences and organic solvent effect, in the side of thermodynamic study appear liquid ion exchange for extraction Cd(II) was exothermic by using ¿-NA and C222 but endothermic with 4-ABA and 4-CMePADPI, whereas extraction Hg(II) demonstrate the method was exothermic by using 4-ABA, 4-CMePADPI and C222 but endothermic with ¿-NA. Stoichiometry showed the complexes extracted was 1:1:1 Cation:Organic reagent:Anion.