Bøger af Trygve Ben Holland

This book's aim is to introduce the main concepts of leading international trade and commercial laws with a view to enable students to work on cross-border issues. Thus, this book will introduce to the basics of International Law, followed by the explanation of the general framework of the WTO and of the more specific EU, as well as guide to the concepts of these International Organisations, emphasising those legal provisions of highlighted importance in practice. The chapter on Company Law addresses the common types of undertakings, including an overview of formal criteria; the ultra-vires-doctrine will be focussed as well as recognition of companies (real seat and incorporation theory), and some supranational companies. Finally, the text will introduce to the principles of Contract Law, considering four perspectives: First, common aspects of laws and courts' opinions on contracts and their interpretation will be reproduced, conceptually valid in the vast majority of States; second, the CISG will be explained briefly; third, the International Commercial Terms will be introduced, and fourth, the Letter of Credit.

Russian Competition Laws have been modified several times throughout the last 20 years. The currently most important intensification took place in 2006 when introducing Federal Law No. 135-FZ of 26.07.2006 ¿On Protection of Competition¿, unifying rules on commodity and financial markets, which has been subject to various amendments since then. The substantive provisions as well as the procedural rules have been adjusted with the aim to improve the quantitative and qualitative legal competition provisions within Russia and also meet international and foreign standards. Thus, the laws are addressing anti-trust issues, dominant market positions, mergers and takeovers as well as state aid and public procurement procedures. Additionally, certain laws with indirect relevance for the protection of competition have been adopted, e.g. in the field of civil, criminal and administrative law. Overall, this book will address a multitude of provisions and explain the Law on Protection of Competition in their respective context. The annex contains selected laws of major importance referred to.