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Square bottles came into use in the AD 60s and rapidly became the commonest glass vessel form in the empire. For the next two centuries their fragments dominate all glass assemblages. Hitherto this material has not been exploited to any great extent because there has been no close chronological framework. Blue/Green Glass Bottles from Roman Britain presents a classification scheme for the moulded base patterns which allows their chronological development to be reconstructed. With this it is possible to explore how sizes and capacities changed with time. The British data are set within the context of the bottles from the rest of the western empire, and it can be seen that different provinces favoured different base patterns in a systematic fashion. Previously it has been assumed that base patterns reflect long distance trade of the bottles and their contents. Now it can be seen that the main driving force for the distribution of bottles with similar distinctive base patterns was most probably the movements of military units, and that most bottles were made locally. An investigation of common capacities indicates that these were shared with glass bath flasks and it is proposed that, just as bath flasks were oil containers for hygiene purposes, square bottles became so common because they were the favoured vessel for household oil. The chronological trajectories of square bottles, bath flasks and the Spanish olive oil industry evidenced by Dressel 20 amphoras are identical, but previously unremarked upon.

MOLA undertook archaeological excavations at Brackmills, Northampton, investigating part of a large Iron Age settlement and Roman complex farmstead. The remains were very well preserved having, in places, been shielded from later truncaton by colluvial deposits. Earlier remains included a late Bronze Age/early Iron Age pit alignment.

Between the 15th and 17th centuries, sugar cultivation and processing, a Mediterranean industry throughout the Middle Ages, experienced what we can aptly describe as the first period of its prosperous Atlantic history. This book explores the material dimension of sugar mills and the landscapes of which they are both cause and effect.

Ab imo pectore brings together papers focused on the study of emotions in the Ancient World from various perspectives through an interdisciplinary approach. The aim is to explore the complex network of emotional states (happiness, fear, anger, love...) based on contributions from, mainly, Ancient History, Classical Philology and Archaeology. Each chapter studies a specific emotion, in a place and in a particular period of Antiquity, from ancient Greece to imperial Rome, and through Egypt and the Ancient Near East. However, we must not lose sight of a fundamental fact: the history of emotions - within which this monograph is embedded - does not pursue the study of a particular emotion but rather the way in which they were experienced by society: in other words, the factors that led to experiencing certain emotional states and the effects they produced on the individual and the community. Only by adopting this approach we will be able to distinguish between the emotion itself and its representation in various historical processes.

The journal of the Medieval Settlement Research Group (MSRG), a long-established, widely recognised and open multi-disciplinary research group that facilitates collaboration between archaeologists, geographers, historians and other interested parties.

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant amount of research on the Roman Lower Danube frontier by international teams focusing on individual forts or broader landscape survey work; collectively, this volume represents the best of this collaboration with the aim of elevating the Lower Danube within broader Roman frontier scholarship.

La Valle dell'Agno-Gua a nord-ovest di Vicenza, una delle piu importanti del Veneto sotto l'aspetto socio-economico, non e stata finora oggetto di indagini sistematiche sulle dinamiche del suo popolamento in eta romana e altomedievale, benche le prime notizie di rinvenimenti di antichita in questo comparto territoriale risalgano al XVI secolo. Questo volume esamina la documentazione archeologica proveniente dall'area di Tezze di Arzignano, un paese a sud di Trissino, e in particolare da localita Valbruna, dove sono venuti in luce resti di un abitato romano. I materiali da questo sito, provenienti per la maggior parte da ritrovamenti fortuiti e da scavi non controllati, attestano l'esistenza di un insediamento identificabile come una villa con ambienti residenziali, che fu occupata forse dalla seconda meta del I secolo a.C. al III secolo d.C. La ceramica da localita Valbruna, le monete, e le testimonianze epigrafiche recuperate nel territorio circostante e nella Valle dell'Agno-Gua, sono indicativi della presenza romana a partire dell'epoca tardorepubblicana e dei rapporti di quest'area con Vicetia, le Venezie, e altre regioni d'Italia e dell'Impero. Dall'insieme delle evidenze archeologiche raccolte si evince che la vallata mantenne importanza economica e strategica fino al VII secolo. I risultati di queste ricerche interdisciplinari rappresentano anche un tentativo di salvare il passato per il futuro, data la rapidita del processo di trasformazione del paesaggio e dell'utilizzo del suolo in corso negli ultimi cinquant'anni.

Despite a resurgence in Scottish fort studies, few sites have been investigated, and fewer still at the scale reported in this volume. Over 2014-17, Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust, working with AOC Archaeology Group, excavated three hilltop forts on the Tay estuary to explore both their enclosing works and internal buildings, and uncovered an impressive assemblage of small finds. At Moredun fort on Moncreiffe Hill, a previously unknown monumental roundhouse, a rare La Tene bird-head brooch, and evidence of shale bangle industry were uncovered. At Castle Law, Abernethy, excavated in the 1890s and the type-site of Childe's 'Abernethy complex', re-excavation prompted reassessment of the artefacts from original excavations to reveal new evidence of the deposition of artefacts and animal bones within its cistern. Excavation of the enclosing works of these sites, and Moncreiffe fort, suggest an evolution of fort defences from simple earth and stone ramparts to massive timber-laced walls - the murus Gallicus described by Caesar - reflecting high status sites with restricted access for a social elite. Hillforts of The Tay was part of the Tay Landscape Partnership Scheme, a community heritage initiative and the results of this citizen science project make a significant contribution to establishing Tayside as a well-studied area for the site type both within Scotland, and further afield.

This volume opens with a tribute to Andrew Stewart (1948-2023), a scholar of immense knowledge and energy and a great supporter of this Journal from its creation. For this latest edition, as always the editors have encouraged and succeeded in including contributions spanning the millennia of Greek Archaeology in its fullest sense.

Volume 5 of Offa's Dyke Journal, a venue for the publication of high-quality research on the archaeology, history and heritage of frontiers and borderlands focusing on the Anglo-Welsh border.

A partire dal MM III fino alla fine del TE/TM, l'intera area egea fu parte integrante di una rete di contatti commerciali che includeva tutte le principali realta socio-politiche che si affacciavano sulle coste del bacino orientale del Mediterraneo. Se certamente le testimonianze archeologiche attestano inequivocabilmente la realta di questi contatti, non e altrettanto semplice definire in che modo essi ebbero luogo, vale a dire con quali imbarcazioni e lungo quali rotte essi si concretizzarono. Scopo della presente ricerca e provare a rispondere a questa domanda. Anche se non abbondanti, le evidenze disponibili sembrano autorizzare la ricostruzione di imbarcazioni a dislocamento leggero, certamente adatte alla navigazione di lasco e probabilmente non adeguate a stringere il vento oltre un traverso. I dati disponibili paiono, inoltre, rendere piu che probabile una navigazione caratterizzata da una decisa stagionalita. In considerazione delle supposte caratteristiche delle imbarcazioni disponibili, sembra ugualmente probabile che la prevalenza di flussi sinottici dai quadranti settentrionali favorisse ogni navigazione in direzione meridionale, rendendo al contempo assai problematica la risalita. Se, quindi, collegamenti diretti tra l'area egea e le sponde piu meridionali del Mediterraneo Orientale non sembrano presentare particolari problemi, le rotte di risalita dovettero essere caratterizzate da un cabotaggio lungo le coste egiziane, levantine e anatoliche sfruttando le brezze termiche che durante la stagione della navigazione generalmente soffiano con intensita non trascurabile.

Geoffrey Taylor and David Heys together and separately over a 25 year period amassed a huge amount of prehistoric material (almost 20,000 worked pieces and some 250,000 pieces of waste) in flint, jet, stone, glass and metal, gathered mostly off the North York Moors. The present book aims to introduce the collections to the archaeological world and to give the reader a clear impression of their contents. The book begins with brief biographies of the two collectors and outlines the areas in which they collected, principally the North York Moors, and their method of working, before attempting to set their work into its wider prehistoric context. It then explains how the over 18,000 worked pieces in the combined collections are each individually identified, and presents illustrations of selected groups of pieces, such as arrowheads, knives, axeheads, and so on. This is followed up with a more detailed look at some of the more notable classes of artefacts, such as discoidal knives, Iron Age glass bangles, and jet pieces, including a superb undamaged Early Bronze Age jet wristguard (bracer), of which only one other example is known in Britain. To correct the impression that Taylor and Heys only ever collected casual finds off the surface of the moors and farmland, details of several excavations, most never before published, are given. These included pioneering work on the Early Mesolithic of the North York Moors, and the discovery of an Early Bronze Age grave with cremated human remains complete with a Collared Urn and a perforated battle-axehead. At long last, the hitherto unheralded work of these two remarkable individuals is given the credit it undoubtedly deserves.

Slingers were an element in the Roman army over many centuries, their activities frequently reported in literary accounts of the Late Republic. Despite an ever-expanding body of ancient evidence, some books on the Roman army scarcely mention slingers. This monograph seeks to redress the balance and draws attention to their role and effectiveness.

Publication of the first season of the Archaeological Survey of Nubia included an in-depth anatomical study of the cemetery populations, but this was not replicated in future years. This book reconstructs the anatomical studies carried out for the second season, using newly discovered records, archival records and the scant surviving human remains.

This book aims to develop and test a new methodology for Prehistory to enhance architectural analysis. Test results highlight the architectural biography of Neolithic tumuli in western France and the technology used in their construction, and demonstrate that architectural modifications occurred throughout the Neolithic period.

This book aims to describe some of the current analytical approaches to model past cultural landscapes, their evolution, and relationship with the human societies that inhabited them. To this end, the use of Geographic Information Systems and spatial statistics is proposed, using territorial and landscape archaeology as a theoretical framework.

Este volumen recoge los resultados cientificos del proyecto geoarqueologico sobre el muelle este-oeste de Portus (Roma), desarrollado en el marco del programa de Proyectos Arqueologicos en el Exterior del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte del Reino de Espana, asi como en el de un Convenio de colaboracion especifico entre la Universidad de Huelva y el Parco Archeologico di Ostia Antica. Desde el ano 2017, sin interrupciones hasta el presente, han sido diversas las campanas de excavacion y estudio que han centrado sus esfuerzos en dicho muelle, siempre con la aplicacion de una metodologia inter y multidisciplinar en la que han participado arqueologos, geologos, paleobotanicos y paleontologos. Desde este punto de vista se han desarrollado actividades de excavacion, prospeccion geofisica, estudios petrograficos, arqueometricos, analisis paramental, siempre con la aplicacion de nuevas tecnicas fotogrametricas y escaneado laser, que han permitido obtener un importante volumen de datos. El analisis e interpretacion de los mismos, suponen, a dia de hoy, el conocimiento mas amplio y actualizado de uno de los muelles mas interesantes y extensos de Portus, con novedosas aportaciones relativas a su cronologia, con una fase edilicia del s. III d.C., su sistema constructivo del cual se ha precisado su cimentacion, el paleoambiente circundante, con nuevos datos relativos al proceso de colmatacion de la ensenada de Claudio, asi como su diacronia en el transito hacia el Altomedievo, entre otros.

The appearance of new media and its enormous diffusion in the last decades of the 20th century and up to the present has greatly increased and diversified the reception of Egyptian themes and motifs and Egyptian influence in various cultural spheres. So-called 'popular' or 'pop' culture (cinema, genre fiction, TV-series, comics, graffiti, computer and video games, rock and heavy music, radio serials, among others) often makes use of narratives and motifs drawn from the observation and study of ancient Egypt, updated and reinterpreted in various ways, and which is now the subject of study by scholars of Egyptology. The present monograph seeks to provide new evidence of this interdisciplinarity between Egyptology and popular culture. It explores the conscious reinterpretation of the past in the work of contemporary authors, who shape an image of the Egyptian reality that in each case is determined by their own circumstances and contexts.

Metalworkers and their Tools brings together 12 papers by 22 authors from the "Metools" international symposium organised in at Queens University, Belfast in June 2016 as part of the HardRock project "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: context, function, and choice of early metalworking tools on Europe's Atlantic facade" (Marie Sklodowska Curie, No. 623392) and the "Metal Ages in Europe" commission of the International Union of Pre- and Protohistoric Sciences (UISPP). Its aim was to shine a spotlight on the tools of the metalworker and to follow their evolution from the beginning of the Bronze Age through to the Iron Age, as well as the place held by metalworking and its artisans in the economic and social landscape of the period.

Several papers focus on Tios (the Acropolis, the lower city and coin finds). Its place in ancient geography/cartography is considered before moving on to the indigenous inhabitants of the surrounding area, the immediate and greater region, then the Turkish Black Sea region, and outwards to the western, northern and eastern shores of the Black Sea.

Archaeological work on land at Upton Park south of Weedon Road, Northampton, uncovered, among other evidence, two Bronze Age/early Iron Age sinuous pit alignments. The extensive work and examination of the two pit alignments at Upton has allowed a typology of the variable areas of pits (and related ditches) to be postulated.

From Photography to 3D Models and Beyond: visualizations in archaeology explores the history of visual technology and archaeology and outlines how the introduction of interactive 3D computer modelling to the discipline parallels very closely the earlier integration of photography into archaeological fieldwork. The incredible potential of interactive 3D computer graphics to provide new insight into cultural change, ancient settlement development, building function, and behavior make virtual heritage a must-use approach, but one that has not been fully grasped. This volume brings together for the first time several key aspects of the history of archaeology: how and where photographs became an indispensable part of excavations; when and for what purposes virtual reality began a similar journey into the field team's arsenal of documentation, publication, and visualization tools; how the common trajectory of both technologies provides clues for why virtual reality has not yet become as commonplace as photography for archaeological research, teaching, and data dissemination; and how new methods and technologies are poised to revolutionize our understanding of the past.

How did the Maltese and Gozitans fare under Roman occupation? How were they treated by their new masters? And what did they do to appease them? What changes did the new political situation bring about in their lives? How did they respond and / or adapt? Was their religious identity in any way affected? How did they manoeuvre their loyalties to their own benefits? And how did they manage their own domestic affairs within the new political set-up? Though based essentially on epigraphical evidence, this study seeks to address the above and other questions through an exercise in which epigraphy and the archaeological record supplement each other. The results shed new light on the governing bodies of the Maltese islands in Roman times and the models they followed, those who administered them, the latter's role and status, and also their relationship with and their significance for the rest of the population.

An edited collection of letters that Karen D. Vitelli wrote from pre-EU Greece and Turkey to family during her later years of graduate school and early field work (at Franchthi Cave, Gordion, and a training session at Corinth) through to the completion of writing her dissertation in Athens during a coup (1968-1974).

24 contributions reflect the vast scope of Joe Cribb's interests including Asian numismatics, museology, poetry and art. Papers are arranged geographically, then chronologically/thematically including studies on coins, charms and silver currencies in or from China; finds from ancient Central Asia and Afghanistan: coins of South Soghd, and far more.

Austria is particularly fortunate in the survival along the Danube of the remains of many Roman military installations. These include forts and towers, some parts surviving up to two stories high. They are a most remarkable survival and deserve to be better known and more visited.

MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) undertook intermittent archaeological mitigation works for the A43 Corby Link Road, Northamptonshire, between June 2012 to October 2013. Early Bronze Age funerary and domestic features/activity were recorded in one location largely on the flood plain on either side of Harper's Brook. Here an undated palaeochannel, a ploughed-out barrow and a dispersed spread of four pits were recovered. Two of the pits had possible placed animal deposits. The barrow was respected by a late Bronze Age cremation. Nearly 2km away there was an isolated early Bronze Age pit contained significant parts of two collard urns. Around 0.8km from the early Bronze barrow was a moderate sized middle Bronze Age flat cremation cemetery. Here there were 30 probable pits of which 25 produced varied quantities of cremated human remains and two other pits retaining pyre deposits. At a different part of the road scheme was a late Bronze Age/early Iron Age pit alignment which was backfilled in the middle Iron Age when a settlement was established. In the early Iron Age, there was a small area comprising postholes and small pits which may denote short term occupation. In the last part of the middle Iron Age in c2nd century BC there were possibly three separate areas of occupation/activity established in different places. This comprised part of a small single-phase (with limited recutting) farmstead which was abandoned by the Conquest period. The second was a very small, segmented enclosure system which was in use for a short period in the 2nd century BC and/ or 1st century BC and the third middle-late Iron Age settlement continued into the early Roman settlement. In two further areas there was a new settlement established in the latest Iron Age or early Roman period and both these were short lived. It was noticeable there was no middle or late Roman settlement remains from any locations within the A43 scheme. Along the valley side to the north of Newton and parallel to a watercourse there was a Saxon settlement of at least hamlet size. This comprised both timber-frame buildings and sunken-featured buildings associated with household industry including a weaving house and iron smelting, the latter occurred within and probably adjacent to the settlement. The evidence of middle Saxon iron smelting is especially rare, and it is within the national important Rockingham Forest ironworking area. The remains of one furnace was found in situ and others suspected nearby, with other iron working related features excavated included roast-ore pits and quarry extraction pits. At another location there was a single Saxon SFB next to Harper's Brook, which was either isolated or had been part of a dispersed settlement.

This book brings together 15 papers on objects from the excavations of the town of Gabii undertaken since 2007. Objects ranging from the pre-Roman to Imperial periods are examined using a mix of approaches, making an effort to be sensitive to excavation context and formation processes.

This volume presents the latest research on Roman roads, not just in terms of their basic infrastructure but also exploring various aspects of life that were connected with it, from the Imperial period to that of decline, acculturation and integration of new identities, within the three Roman provinces of Pannonia, Moesia and Dalmatia.

10 articles focus on worked hard materials of animal origin (shell, tusk, bone, antler) ranging chronologically from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. The authors have varied academic backgrounds that enhance the archaeological analyses carried out, often at first hand, on numerous collections from the Old and New Worlds.