Bøger udgivet af Cuvillier

The Covid-19 pandemic has sensitised the global community on theimportance of the access to essential medicines. The nations of the world have engaged in a fierce battle over the lifesaving Covid-19 vaccines, in which developed nations have come out successfully. The access to essential medicines has long been promoted by the United Nations (UN) and other international human rights organisations. In this context, India seems to have done its bit and has emerged as the pharmacy of the developing world and further has been providing the global poor with the advantage of access to essential as well as generic drugs.

Hepatocytes and bile ductular cells possess stem-like potential in restoring liver tissue. This was derived from rat and mouse injury models such as (a) partial hepatectomy by surgery; (b) acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication; (c) injuries by D-galactosamine (GalN) or by N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM); (d) experimental hepatocarcinogenesis with NNM using different doses. Liver parenchyma was restored by adult hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy as well as after carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Concurrently, hepatocytes resumed synthesis of alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) which depended to a high degree on the animal species and strains used in that studies. In contrast to this way of regeneration, liver repair after heavy injuries by agents such as GalN and NNM was initiated by oval cell proliferation deriving from ductular epithelial cells of the canaliculi of HERING (canals of Hering, intrahepatic bile ductules) as sources of endogenous progenitors. Progenitor populations reach levels of differentiation with fetal gene reactivation and significant AFP expression. Proliferating oval cells operated as transit and amplification compartment during liver regeneration. Oval cell proliferation and concurrent AFP synthesis occurred also in the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis when the carcinogen NNM was applied in toxic doses. The histologic features compared to those seen in GalN intoxication. NNM carcinogenicity was of concern for both oval cells and adult hepatocytes with risks of transformation and malignant development. At the cancer stage, carcinomas either synthesizing AFP or not can be found side by side in the same liver. AFP expression by cancer cells seems to be a special attribute to differentiation stages in carcinogenesis. Clonality, maturation arrest and retro-differentiation feature cells with high autonomy.

Die Dissertation legt die Überwindung der Nachteile von niedrig gefüllten Nanopartikel¿Polymer¿Kompositen durch die anfängliche Herstellung eines stabilen, perkolierenden anorganischen Nanopartikelgerüsts dar. Dessen sehr hohe Porosität wird entweder aus der Gasphase mittels Flammensprühpyrolyse (FSP) oder alternativ über nasschemische Präparation mittels Sol¿Gel¿Verfahren erreicht. Im Anschluss werden die perkolierenden Strukturen mittels kapillargetriebener Infiltration mit einem Monomer gefüllt, welches daraufhin photochemisch polymerisiert wird. Das erhaltene System wird inverses Nanopartikel¿Polymer¿Komposit genannt. Dünne Schichten daraus können beispielweise für haftvermittelnde, elektrische sowie optoelektronische Funktionsmaterialien eingesetzt werden. Die ursprüngliche Partikelnetzwerk¿ und Porenstruktur bleibt während der Präparation erhalten und durch die Infiltration sowie anschließende Monomer¿Polymerisation konnte die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von Halbleiternanopartikeln deutlich gesteigert werden. Für den Reaktionsmechanismus innerhalb der mesoskaligen Porenstruktur wurde ein analytisches Kinetikmodell der freien radikalischen Photopolymerisation unter Einschluss entwickelt und mit diffuser Reflexions-FTIR-Spektroskopie (DRIFTS) bestätigt.This dissertation presents how the drawbacks of low¿filled nanoparticle¿polymer composites can be overcome by initially preparing a stable percolating inorganic nanoparticle framework, in which very high porosity is achieved, either from the gas phase by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) or, alternatively, via wet chemical preparation using a sol¿gel process. Subsequently, the percolating structures are filled with a monomer by capillary¿driven infiltration, which is then photochemically polymerized. The obtained system is called inverse nanoparticle¿polymer composite. Thin¿film layers from the composite can be applied, for example, as adhesion¿promoting, electrical or optoelectronic functional materials. The original particle network and pore structure is preserved during the preparation, and the electrical conductivity of semiconducting nanoparticles could be significantly increased by infiltration, as well as subsequent monomer polymerization. An analytical model of the reaction kinetics was developed for free radical photopolymerization under spatial confinement within the mesoscale pore structure and confirmed by diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (DRIFTS).

Carbon is the centerpiece in most chemicals and fuels. In light of climate change non-fossil paths to supply it are necessary. Carbon monoxide is a key molecule for carbon utilization. Forming it into hydrocarbons is an established process. Gliding arc plasma sources can produce it by ¿warm¿ plasma, which has high reactivity and space-time yield at low energy input.The first part of this work deals with the construction and characterization of two gliding arc plasma sources and driver circuits. In the second part, they are used to split CO¿ into carbon monoxide and oxygen in a coaxial reactor utilizing a ceramic quench. Two new plasma processes are presented in the third part as less energy intensive alternatives: The calcination of a carbonates and simultaneous splitting of CO¿ by plasma as well as the gasification of organic solid waste coupled to reforming to syngas. In the fourth part, the processes are evaluated economically for a simplified example syngas-to-methanol plant.

Looking to gain valuable insights into the relationship between museums and the art market? The unique data set can help answer some of the most pressing questions in this area.At first glance, museums and the art market may seem like two opposing forces, but actually they are two interrelated elements that work together to stimulate creativity, foster cultural exchange, and drive economic growth. The research delves into the complex relationship between these two entities and offers initial insights into the following questions:- How forthcoming are museum staff with sensitive data to support academic research?- What impact do masterpieces and ¿superstars¿ have on visitor numbers?- Can certain exhibition formats reach more visitors?- How has the number of exhibitions over time affected attendance and museum budgets?- Does the museums¿ passion for collecting compete with the marketing demands of the art market, or do they rather benefit from each other?- Are the art market and the museum institution competing or complementary markets?- Compared to auction results, how does the gender gap between female and male artists compare in museum acquisitions?With this research, yoüll gain access to valuable information that can help you make informed decisions about your creative and cultural industry investments.

Over the years, birches keep declining at various locations in Europe especially in cities,parks streets as well as forest due to biotic and abiotic stress factors.The decline of birches is characterized by die-back of twigs, branches, and can lead to theloss of tree crown, and finally to death of the tree. Virus-suspected leaf symptoms wereobserved on declining birches, which were attributed to Birch leaf rolldisease (BLRD). Investigations from this thesis give an impressionthat, the birches can be infected by more virus species than ever assumed. The birch has a complex virome than expected and the decline cannot be attributed notjust to a particular virus. Modern techniques, such as high-throughput sequencing (HTS),gave a comprehensive identification of possible viral pathogens present in the birch genome.In 2014, sequences of a previously unknown viruses could be discovered in symptomatic leafsamples of the genus Betula. Investigations of the prevalent birchviruses (BLRaV, CLRV, BiCV and ApMV) led to discovery of new viral signatures (e.g.Birch capillovirus, Birch caulimovirus, Birch benyvirus and Birch idaeovirus) in leaf samplesfrom different areas in Europe. This indicates a wide distribution of these viruses as discussedin this thesis. The sequences obtained from complex virome RNA-Seq were about 70 %similar to known plant viruses. With the aid of the high-throughput sequences, RT-PCRbaseddetection systems for newly discovered viruses have been developed. Furthermore, thegenome of these new viruses was to be further characterized and first results on thedissemination of them were presented.

In this thesis an in-depth experimental study of the spray coating of light weighting and mesoporous organic aerogels was carried out. The main goal of this study was to design a stable core-shell particle system with a uniform coating layer without changing the initial particle structure. Further, the applied coating layer provides many beneficial improvements and additional properties for the aerogel particles, like an enhanced mechanical stability or a protection against moisture during storage.To design the structured core-shell particles with unaffected porous structure and uniform coating layer, series of experiments was conducted. The coating process with beeswax and ethanol based shellac solutions was performed at two levels using acoustic levitation and spouted bed set ups. At single particle level the basic influences on particle structure were captured. During coating at multiple particle level, which was performed in spouted bed, the results were validated. The optimum coating process parameters were identified. A uniform and stable core-shell particle system was designed. No change of initial porous particle structure was observed.

https://cuvillier.de/de/shop/publications/8817-desertification-land-degradation-and-drought-resilienceA growing body of research and scientific as well as local evidence has shown that climate change impacts is on the rise with its attendant risks/hazards for the land system, even as it relates to DLDD, these being exacerbated by anthropogenic factors; thus, pushing the earth system to a tipping point therefore requiring that society braze up its coping capacities to avert the impending danger.This book highlights the urgent need to move from desertification, land degradation and drought (DLDD) risk management to resilience. The aim is to provide new insight on the issues of DLDD and stir policy guide on vulnerability reduction and building adaptive capacities so as to achieve sustainable development and identify pathways to a land degradation neutral world.It is worthy to note that globally, about one fifth of earth¿s land area ¿ more than 2 billion hectares ¿ is degraded; and this jeopardizes the livelihoods of more than 3.5 billion people, i.e., about 40% of the world population. The global population is still growing and is projected to reach 8.3 billion people by 2030. Such growth will put unprecedented pressure on the productivity of the land system from day to day.

This book investigates Albert Schweitzer¿s research on China, which first emerged in the 1910s and ended in 1939/40. Schweitzer¿s China research evolved alongside the development of his ¿Kulturphilosophie¿ research for over a quarter of a century. In ¿Part I: In Preparation,¿ this book will mainly focus on the historical background against which Schweitzer formulated his Reverence for Life and established his networks with the China experts. In ¿Part II: In Progress,¿ Schweitzer¿s periodic research outcomes, which were presented in several of his publications and manuscripts, will be studied. Subsequently, in ¿Part III: In Completion,¿ Richard Wilhelm¿s translation of the Yi Jing, which lay down the fundamental principles for Chinese thought, Schweitzer¿s final manuscript from 1939/40 under the title Geschichte des indischen und chinesischen Denkens, and his final depiction of Chinese thought will be given special attention.The starting point for Schweitzer¿s China research was his ideal ethical philosophy of Reverence for Life, which he formulated in the context of the decline of the Western civilization and was heavily shaped by his religious and philosophical convictions. Reverence for Life underscored humanistic concerns, and its ideals eventually became Schweitzer¿s interpretative principles in his investigation of Chinese thought. Schweitzer was never a specialist in Chinese thought and Chinese civilization. Dependent on the research of European sinologists, his China research served to justify the necessity for Reverence for Life as well as of the methods for applying this new ethical philosophy. During his entire China research, Schweitzer made great efforts to critically interpret and transform the knowledge that had been conveyed by European sinologists such as Richard Wilhelm. Although in his final research Schweitzer had already seen great resemblance between classical Confucianism in China and his Reverence for Life, he did not ultimately manage to verify his assumptions. His final manuscript on Chinese thought from 1939/40 remained unpublished when he passed away in 1965.

This work adresses the gap between basic research and applied research in the field of CO¿ electrolysis using molecular catalysts. The development of new catalysts includes important aspects of the industrial application as early as possible to unlock the true potential of a catalyst and to prevent potential problems that occur when changing to industrially relevant process conditions. The results show that unexpected phenomena can occur when scaling up a technology from lab scale to pilot, or even industrial scale, advocating an effort to come as close as possible to large scale conditions, already in the lab. That can prevent major setbacks in the process and save valuable time and effort. This aspect is underlined by recent research in the specific field of CO¿ electrolysis using organometallic complexes, as catalysts show different performance characteristics after immobilization, for example. The successful development of future solutions depends on the interdisciplinary collaboration taking into account molecular considerations as well as process engineering aspects.

After Pleasures on the Periphery (2022: Cuvillier), It wasn¿t a Nightmare is the second collection of authentic and at times surreal observations of life and work in the provinces and also some of the capitals of Poland, Hungary, Finland, England, Scotland, Ireland, Spain and the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). Following the snapshot-technique of Jack London, Laurie Lee and Christopher Isherwood, the vignette-like stories aim to reflect on the harshness and then again rare sudden beauty of life to be encountered in every corner of the world where human beings come together in very different contexts. In the background, the narrator keeps asking the question of what is the ¿truth¿ regarding the sociological mechanisms and driving forces in the fabric of these contexts.As in the first volume, this book includes a number of original photographs from the narrator¿s own private collections.

During the past years, wireless communication systems have been rapidly advancing to meet the high data-rate requirements of various emerging applications. However, the existing transceivers have typically been demonstrated using CMOS-compatible technologies that deliver a relatively low equivalent isotropic radiated power in a small unit cell. Moreover, the particular device characteristics are limiting the linear region for operation. Therefore, the main focus of this dissertation is to present and discuss new design methods for transceivers to solve these issues.To reduce the complexity of the transceiver module for further phased-array scaling, a low-noise power amplifier design approach is designed using a 0.15-¿m GaN-on-SiC high-electron mobility transistor technology (HEMT). Utilizing a traded off interstage matching topology between loss and bandwidth, the conversion loss induced by the matching network could be effectively reduced. A stacked-FET configuration was adopted to enhance the power handling of the RF switch. Further improvement on the isolation bandwidth was investigated using theoretical analysis on the intrinsic effect of the passive HEMTs.With the successful implementation of the RF front-end circuits, transceiver modules were integrated on Rogers RO3010 substrate. The planar dual exponentially tapered slot antenna phased-array system showed a compact size with simple biasing network compared to the conventional transceiver approach. The presented T/R module was characterized with an over-the-air test at a distance of 1 m, overcoming the free space path loss of 64 dB. It also shows a high flexibility for further integration with a larger number of array systems, which is very promising for future 5G communication systems.

Schneidezahnerkrankungen, wie Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH), gewinnen in der Pferdezahnmedizin zunehmend an Bedeutung. Daher war das Ziel dieser Studie, die Möglichkeiten der röntgenologischen Früherkennung von resorptiven Schneidezahnläsionen und EOTRH zu evaluieren. Hierzu wurden die Schneidezähne von 20 Kadavern untersucht und die röntgenologischen Befunde mit mikro-computertomographischen (µCT) Analysen sowie klinischen und makroskopischen Untersuchungen verglichen. Der Schweregrad der Läsionen stieg mit höherem Alter der Pferde sowie vom Röntgen, über die Makroskopie zur µCT-Untersuchung an. Im Anschluss wurden ausgewählte Zähne histologisch untersucht, um die Befunde der µCT-Untersuchungen zu überprüfen. Histologisch bestätigten sich die beobachteten resorptiven Läsionen. Im Hinblick auf die Lokalisation dieser Läsionen zeigen Pferdezähne deutliche Unterschiede zum brachydonten Gebiss. Am Pferdeschneidezahn liegen die Prädilektionsstellen für resorptive Läsionen stets an der palatinalen/lingualen Zahnseite im apikalen Drittel, wohingegen resorptive Läsionen brachydonter Zähne keine typischen Prädilektionsstellen aufweisen. Die vorliegende Studie konnte zeigen, dass die Röntgenbildgebung resorptive Läsionen equiner Inzisivi, welche im µCT beobachtet und histologisch diagnostiziert werden können, nicht zuverlässig detektieren kann.Außerdem ist weitere Forschung notwendig, um die Unterschiede von EOTRH und klinisch irrelevanten ¿external surface resorptions¿ näher zu beleuchten und so eine klinisch praktikable Methode zur Früherkennung der EOTRH zu erarbeiten.

This thesis deals with hierarchical optimization and target cascading in chassis development with particular focus on the first hierarchical level of optimization. To verify the entire process in the scope of a research project, a rolling resistance-optimized tire is considered and applied for a new chassis development. Only characteristics related to kinematics, compliance, and anti-roll bar stiffness are considered for the optimization. Optimization mainly aims to maintain the original lateral dynamics of a reference vehicle with an optimized chassis coupled with rolling resistance-optimized tires. Lateral dynamics, specifically, at lateral acceleration of less than 4 m/s², are considered for the optimization. Four characteristic values (yaw gain of 80 and 150 km/h, and overshoot and peak time of sideslip angle by step steer input at 150 km/h) are considered as the lateral dynamics relevant optimization criteria. The reasons for the selection of these four characteristic values will be explained in detail. This study first aims to fulfill the targeted lateral dynamics by minimizing the worsening of other characteristic values. Finally, an actual chassis optimization result obtained by using the presented methodology and that considers rolling resistance tires is introduced and analyzed.