Bøger udgivet af Delve Publishing

As a field of science, biology helps us understand the living world and the ways it's many species (including humans) function, evolve, and interact. Advances in medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, and many other areas of biology have brought improvements in the quality of life. The goal of this book is to assist students understand the concepts of this vast field. The topics covered are inclusive but not limited to biochemistry, biotechnology, the concept of life and living processes, biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins, vitamins, enzyme, nucleic acids, bioenergetics, enzymology, cell biology, molecular biology, microbiology, cell metabolic, CAM plants, electron transport chain, techniques apply in biochemistry and molecular technology.

In recent years, high-stiffness, high-strength, and lightweight composite materials have gainedrecognition as a significant cutting edge technology with a potential to generate efficient power, reinvent the high-efficiency transportation sector, offer new carriages for storage and transportation ofreduced carbon fuels, and enhance renewable energy production. Presently, the structural components manufactured from polymeric materials in conjunction with various fibrous materials provide a cost-efficient solution for almost every industrial sector. A polymeric composite material is a multi-phase structure in which reinforcing fibers are integrated with a polymeric matrix material, resulting in a synergy of mechanical characteristics that cannot be realized from either of the components alone. This book familiarizes the readers with fibers and polymeric matrix materials, which are the constituents of a typical polymer composite. It is believed that this book can serve as a greatly valuable reference for a varied range of readers, including scientists, engineers, policymakers, and professors. This book is also useful for teachers and students from different backgrounds including textile engineering, materials science, fiber science and technology, mechanical engineering, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, medical sciences, and environmental science.

In this book, definitions of key terms related to biotechnology have been explained breifly. Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields.

The book provides brief explanation to the key terms that are related and have been used in Geography. Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earths surface and the human societies spread across it.

The total aquaculture production has expanded tremendously and contributes to the worlds supply of fish for human consumption in an expanding significant way. In Intensive aquaculture, the fish are quite dependent on the feed artificially provided, and the water need to be replaced or replenished at very high rates so that it can maintain the amounts of oxygen to be enough and to also remove the waste. A variety of important institutional and technological requirements depend on the ability to operate a sustainable and economic viable aquaculture. The United Nations estimates that roughly 32 of worldwide fish numbers are overexploited, depleted or recuperating and must be urgently restored. Fish farming is welcomed as a strategy to prevent overfishing. This book presents some advantages and disadvantages of intensive aquaculture, in addition to provide data and the currently situation of this type of cultivation.

The aquaculture sector has a lot to add towards achieving the SDGs, especially SDG 14 which involves conserving and economically utilizing the seas, oceans and marine rsources for sustainability. Aquaculture keeps on showing the huge success in providing food, sustenance and work. This book shows the significant challenges ahead in spite of the advancement made on various fronts. For instance, there is developing proof that when fisheries are appropriately overseen, stocks are reliably above target levels, offering validity to the fishery stakeholders and governments all throughout the planet. Notwithstanding, the book likewise shows that the victories accomplished in certain nations have not been adequate to invert the global pattern of overfished stocks, demonstrating that in places where fishery boards arent set up, or are insufficient, the fish stocks become poor and weakened. This calls for new components to help in the viable execution of strategy and the guidelines for sustainable fisheries and environments, as there is no lone answer for guaranteeing fisheries stock throughout the planet.

This book provides a breif introduction to maize production. This book also tends to explain the significance of tropical mariculture. It addresses various environmental impacts of mariculture, along with the economic as well as social impacts. It also outlines various methodologies related to mariculture, farming technologies, and various mariculture species as well. In addition to this, it emphasizes the sunstainability, regulations, and future of mariculture.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses of medical and veterinary importance that infect mammals and birds, causing respiratory or enteric diseases. The book draws attention to the lessons accumulated from the large number of studies of the pathogenesis of animals and birds coronaviruses and their vaccines, particularly the bovine, feline, and avian coronaviruses. The lessons drawn from the studies will have an immense influence on how the human coronaviruses pathogenesis and vaccine development will proceed. In addition, the extensive efforts to designate suitable animal models to study the lately emerged human coronaviruses are one of the invaluable contributions carried out by veterinarian scientists.

Many functions have been attributed to soil, with some even suggesting soil is important all sectors of production. In this book we build a case for the importance of soil in agricultural production. For the soil to remain as productive and important for agricultural production, it is vital that we maintain certain characteristics of soil. The maintenance of the characteristics requires a proper understanding of soil rather than a passive application of soil management practices. This book gives the audience an understanding of the soil, some soil degrading processes, and management practices that maintain soil health. The book also ways to prevent, manage and rejuvenate soils degraded physically, biologically and or chemically. Due to the misuse of especially inorganic/mineral fertilizer, the book take time to explain and guide the audience on the process that lead to recommending use of fertilizers. The book also explains some soil problems, their effects and some of the environmentally friendly techniques to tackle this soil problems. Proper soil health management is key, for economic, social, health and environmental benefits, therefore this book takes a wholistic approach to guide the audience on soil health management.

In many communities in the world, the population lives on agriculture. Smallholder agriculture covers 75 of agricultural production, most of which are rain-fed agriculture. This number indicates that the impact of population explosion in rural areas is prompting communities to adopt unsustainable farming practices, like burning of tropical rain forests to grow crops, planting on steep slopes, entering fragile marginal ecosystems, and overgrazing and over cropping. This volume estimates that one-sixth of the globes land area (nearly 2 billion hectares) has been degraded due to overgrazing and negative farming practices. Water supply for agricultural purposes is becoming scarcer, and there is almost no land reserve that can be used to expand the agricultural base. Come 2025, nearly 3 billion people in 48 countries shall be affected by severe water shortages throughout the year or some months. The volume recommends suitable and site-specific technologies to reverse poverty and food insecurity issues. Some of the chapters mentioned include: chapter 1: philosophies of restoration agriculture on small farms, chapter 2: soil food web and chapter 3: conservation farming among others. Both scientific and indigenous knowledge available to the community should effectively facilitate this process, and farmers must actively participate in designing, implementation and evaluation of these technologies.

Energy is the effort for doing work, nothing can be done without energy, and there are many forms of energy. Energy and its consumption is the core of modern life, energy is never destroyed nor created from nothing. It is just transferred from one form to another, doing work in the process. Degree of energy usefulness to us is determined by its form and type. In agriculture energy is important for production its type and source is extremely important for production and transportation of that production, heat in the form of solar energy is vital for plant growth and maturity because its the type that plant needs, while other types that can be electricity or fossil energy needed for water pumping for irrigation. Energy has always been the driving force of development, sustainability in energy availability is critical for the continuity of production and life. The book highlights the current trends in modern energy consumption and future needs of energy in Agriculture.

Mountains represents one fifth of the worlds land area, also about one tenth of the worlds population lives there, mountains are not just for spending some nice time and lovely vacation with mother nature. Mountains can produce a large variety of crops that are not available from the plains. There are two main general challenges facing mountain agriculture that includes: Market accessibility, which is not exclusive to selling the products but also sourcing the inputs as well, as they are usually far from the community clusters. Labor availability, mountain agriculture is a family based agriculture as no one will go far to a mountain and get up it to find work, in the same time mountain agriculture faces out-migration to cities and community clusters for high education and better jobs. Mountain agriculture has big economic development potential and its contribution to food security can be easily increased by increasing its efficiency and maintaining its biodiversity, this book is addressing the real potential of mountain farming.

In a more modern sense, Virology has acquired a broader significance as it encompasses the study of ecology, evolution of viruses, interaction among viruses and other microorganisms, and the ability of viruses to deliver their own and heterologous genetic information into cells. There are many books on the subject of Virology but updated information is not incorporated in the edition. This book has covered a range of syllabus and the student is an easy way to go through this book content. This book would serve not only for undergraduate but postgraduate students of biotechnology and also research scholar of various universities.

Biodynamic farming is a pioneering farming technique invented by Dr. Rudolph Steiner in the 1920s. It was created to deal with the emerging problems of soil erosion during that time. This volume provides a full range of activities covered by biodynamic agriculture. Some of the chapters mentioned include chapter 1: principles and practices of biodynamic agriculture, chapter 2: history of biodynamic agriculture, chapter 3: the difference between organic and biodynamic agriculture, chapter 4: biodynamic compost preparation, chapter 5: biodynamics in weed, pest and disease control, chapter 6: benefits of biodynamic farming, chapter 7: biological farming practices and, chapter 8: the main problems faced by small biodynamic farmers among others. The volume describes biodynamic agriculture as a comprehensive, ethical, and natural way of dealing with food shortages. This process does not include the use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, but chooses to use something extraordinary: organic preparations. These consist of absolutely natural compounds found within the farm itself. The volume suggests that the application of these preparations should follow a strict schedule to merge the planting season, lunar calendar and astrological cycle. The volume defines sustainability and evaluates sustainable biodynamic agriculture as it relates to the description. It investigates the effect of organic manure on soil quality, and assesses whether biodynamic agriculture is feasible as a sustainable farming practice.

DNA is touted as containing the blueprint of life. Therefore, changes in the blueprint will have an impact on the living organism. While this has been proven to be usually true, it has also been established that heritable changes in gene function can occur even if the DNA remains unchanged. Epigenetics-Beyond Genetics introduces the field of epigenetics that aims to understand the mechanisms, outside the DNA sequence, that influence gene function and regulation and the various factors that affect these mechanisms. It provides an in-depth look at how two of the epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA methylation and histone modification, are at work, especially in the human or mammalian milieu.

According to the WHO Fact Sheet (January 2020), the numbers of people globally depressed are more than 264 million people! The sheet goes on to describe that depression is "e;a common illness"e;. In the recent COVID-19 epidemic, studies have shown that the prevalence of depressive disorder was around four times than what was reported in the second quarter of 2019 showing how depression has affected our lives due to a pandemic. This book comes at a time when the world is on the path to recovering from the aftermath of a viral epidemic: healing at physical, emotional, financial, social, and mental aspects. We present to you new insights to handling depression: pointers that can be kept in mind while discussing with a healthcare provider during the design of the treatment modules for ones self or relative/friend.

The fertilizers can play an important role in managing soil fertility. This book presents the concept of fertilizers and their utility in crops. This book provides an impetus towards learning crop science that can be of fertilizers. The concept of the preparation of fertilizers and their use in the crop systems is illustrated. This book can help all science students who are interested in fixing their careers for agriculture research and development. This can also serve as a handbook for researchers and other academic communities.

It is essential to produce climate system models that can bring about an accurate representation of the climate forecast. The concept of global warming has become a local phrase for every region and its effects are obvious on the farming communities. The models generated can be used to project the current situations and can help us predict or forecast the potential perils in the future. In this book, the sensor applications are explained with respect to the agricultural sectors. Remote sensing and GIS are considered as important tools in mapping agricultural fields and their associated factors. The mapping of crops with several space-borne platforms and airborne platforms is explained. This book can be used as a handbook for engineers, scientists and research scholars along with undergraduates and postgraduates in science and technology.

Remote sensing has always played a vital role in the better understanding of the ecosystem. It has developed into an exploratory tool vital to natural science. This volume introduces topics such as climate, hydrology and the Earths biosphere, which constitute a solid part of remote sensing and inspection. In addition, remote sensing encourages us to understand the ecosystem and its numerous cycles in vast spatial and transitory ranges. This is an important part of land surface survey, particularly in the managing of land and aquatic resources and the identification of ecological changes. The volume mentions that remote sensing technology has greatly improved our capacity to monitor and supervise natural resources, particularly in the fields of agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. However, despite the considerable progress made in recent times, there are still various fields that have not yet fully realized the benefits of remote sensing, which is an area of ongoing research. Some of the topics captured in this volume include; chapter 1: remote sensing, chapter 2: the use of GIS to map and assess ecosystem services, chapter 3: satellite-based remote sensing for measuring the earths natural capital and ecosystem services, chapter 4: remote sensing in forest ecology and management, chapter 5: agricultural sensors and their advantages, and chapter 6: use of remote sensing in irrigation monitoring and management among others.

Atomic genetic strategy in fisheries is to use acquired, distinct and stable markers to distinguish genotypes among fish populations or species. This strategies can provide data on the level of genetic variability and circulation based on mating design, life history, stock size, movement and climate. This volume mentions several atomic devices and strategies that have been used on fisheries to solve different problems for research, and improve the fish production. It is very important to research about the molecular genetics in fisheries, to the production continues to growth. Also, severeal strategies that have been used in aquaculture production chain are already showing the importance of genetic knowledge to improve the yield in a sustainable manner. This volume summarizes the progress and some applications of molecular technology in a wide range of options in fisheries.

In the context of this book, digital health competency refers to "the use of information and communications technology in support of health and health-related fields" (WHO, 2019). The concept of digital health may appear overwhelming upon first glance. Numerous health care services as well as providers employ classic paper-based systems for information, and taking up technology is not within the possibilities and expertise of several health systems. Initiating with digital health, nevertheless, is similar to implementing any novel program, often with more questions than answers. To begin, especially for practitioners with limited or no background with technology, comes "What can digital health really do?" The correct answers may not always be technology, yet if it is, an abundance of informed decisions must be taken. Various of these decisions center around trade-offs, and even though no "right" answer really exists, some options have greater context-relevance and are more feasible than others when considering developing countries. Taking up a participatory angle to developing the envisioned digital tool with end users is paramount. Empowering health care professionals to try out a concept or model a situation with the potential digital health tool to potentially outphase their current systems can shine light on key insights. It is then possible to fine tune top ideas into even better answers with the added perspective of those who will be affected.

Until recent times, the nutritional study was solely about the deficiencies of nutrients and impairment of health. However, with the advent of genomics, nutrigenomics has gained unprecedented attention where the high throughput genomics techniques are combined with nutritional studies. With increasing health concerns, especially lifestyle related diseases, it is very important to focus on the individual nutritional requirement. Where, nutrigenomics bridges health, diet and genomics and can also be seen as a combination of nutrients at genetic and molecular level. The bioactive compounds present in the diet influence the expression of the gene in tissue and organ in a specific manner. Nutrigenomics can provide information on nutritional influence on metabolism and homeostasis which upon disruption can cause diet related diseases. Further, the possibility of individual sensitive genotypes towards the disease can also be predicted. Nutrigenomics can offer effective dietary-intervention strategies to maintain homeostasis and control diseases. With the advancement of science, especially the Human Genome Project (HGP), the interaction of different genes and nutrients can be studied in depth. Government interventions and regulations can further help to enhance the benefit of the nutrigenomics analysis. This book focuses on nutrigenomics with respect to disease control and current opportunities and challenges.

Environmental statistics involves the use of statistical approaches to environmental science. It covers methods for managing questions regarding the natural ecosystem in its undisturbed condition. This reader-friendly book emphasizes the fields of probability hypothesis and dimensions that are significant in environmental data analysis, monitoring, research, ecological field studies, and ecological decision making. It discusses fundamental statistical theory with minimal documentation, however without precluding significant details and presumptions. The book likewise presents a hypothesis of how and why environmental physical cycles in the environment create right-slanted, lognormal dispersions. The volume likewise presents the Rollback Statistical Theory, which permits data analysts and administrators to appraise the impact of various emission control methodologies on environmental quality frequency diffusions. Assuming just a simple understanding of polynomial math and analytics, Environmental Data Analysis and Statistics provides a superior reference and assortment of measurable strategies for investigating environmental data and developing precise environmental predictions.

Limnology is an integrated, multidisciplinary scientific study of inland waters - reservoirs, fresh water and saline lakes, ponds, waterways, wetlands, rivers, and groundwater. This book provides a comprehensive these on the current state of the science and an understanding of the bio-geophysical components of inland aquatic ecosystems. The existence of human beings is closely linked to our proximity to freshwater. Despite being of high significance, anthropogenic activities continue to place stressors on inland aquatic ecosystems. An understanding of the natural system allows for predictive analysis and the development of proactive measure to avoid or manage the disturbances to these systems.

The Key Components of Veterinary Diagnostic System are Vet Laboratory, Vet Devices and Veterinary Diagnostic Test Kits. Traditionally, laboratory diagnostics for veterinary pathogens have relied on methods of detecting the pathogen by culture or antibodies, using varied techniques, such as neutralization, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion, and complement fixation. Over the years, veterinarians have incorporated new molecular diagnostic techniques, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Western blot, as well as improved older techniques by using recombinant antigens, monoclonal antibodies, and synthetic peptides. Despite the routine use of conventional diagnostic assays, new molecular techniques have enabled veterinarians to use new tools for rapid and specific diagnosis of animal disease in real-time. The globalization of trade in animals and animal products is a major driver for the improvement of the analytical and diagnostic quality of tests.

Stress in general is looked upon as a symptom resulting from exposure of an animal to a hostile environment. To some it is a nonspecific response to all environmental forces; others feel there are specific stress symptoms caused by specific environmental forces. The term stress is sometimes used to describe the hostile environment. Measuring the magnitude of stress often means measuring the degree of adaptation. The important function of livestock management is to avoid the detrimental adaptations and capitalize on the advantageous ones. Animal Welfare, Behavior and Stress are biological measures of stress. Animals cn be used as models of PTSD, Depression and other diseases.

This book serves as a handbook for both researchers and farmers in agriculture. It deals with the latest plant methods used in the research labs. A discussion on plant breeding and stress tolerance can be helpful for students and researchers. Advanced topics like embryo culture and transgenic plants were discussed in detail. Antiviral resistance and bioinformatics related to plant biology are emphasized. This book explains the phenotyping of plants and nanotechnology applications that are beneficial for plant growth and reproduction. The problems associated with genetically modified plants were discussed. This book can be used for students who are pursuing graduate and undergraduate courses.

The study of environmental science serves as a valuable resource for learning more about changes around the world and how they affect us. As population numbers continue to increase so has the pressure on existing natural resources. While renewable resources can be replenished, they are being used far too rapidly and cannot be replenished at a rate fast enough to meet usage. On the other hand, non-renewable resources cannot be replenished at all. By studying the changes happening to the environment and how it is affected, we may be able to possibly develop solutions that prevent the complete depletion of these resources while aiding in the development of sustainable solutions. This volume serves as an introduction to the field of Environmental Science. An overview on historical aspects and influential environmentalists are provided. This is followed by exploring the components of the environment, causes of environmental disasters and geomorphological processes. Basic concepts of ecosystems, ecology, ecological succession, ecosystem services and biodiversity are also covered.

Whether it is a newspaper article or an internet "trend" or countless advertisements on social media-one molecule that most people know is "cholesterol". Given this background, this book is the first of the series on cholesterol. After a brief introduction of the key aspects of its synthesis and processing, research studies have been presented discussing the global cholesterol profiles, the roles of genes, as well as links between COVID-19 and cholesterol.