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Encyclopedia of World Scientists, Updated Edition is a comprehensive reference tool for learning about scientists and their work. It includes 500 cross-referenced profiles of well-known scientific "greats" of history and contemporary scientists whose work is verging on prominence. More than 100 entries are devoted to women and minority scientists. Each entry includes the subject's full name, dates of birth/death, nationality, and field(s) of specialization. A biographical essay focuses primarily on the subject's scientific work and achievements; it also highlights additional information, such as place of birth, parents' names and occupations, name(s) of spouse(s) and children, educational background, jobs held, and awards earned. Profiles include: Archimedes (c. 287-212 BCE): Mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543): Astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Astronomer Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782): Mathematician John James Audubon (1785-1851): Biologist Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910): Medical scientist Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896): Chemist Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962): Physicist George Washington Carver (c. 1861-1943): Chemist Marie Curie (1867-1934): Physicist and chemist Robert Hutchings Goddard (1882-1945): Aerospace engineer Edwin Powell Hubble (1889-1953): Astronomer Grace Murray Hooper (1906-1992): Computer scientist Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-1994): Chemist Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910-1997): Earth scientist Alan Turing (1912-1954): Computer scientist Jonas Edward Salk (1914-1995): Medical scientist Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958): Chemist Jewel Plummer Cobb (1924-2017): Biologist Stephen Hawking (1942-2018): Astronomer.

Sifakis provides a fascinating survey of the mob's most influential perpetrators and personalities, including their hangouts and hideaways, their plays for power, their schemes and crimes, and their unique culture and jargon.

For centuries, African Americans have made important contributions to American culture. From Crispus Attucks, whose death marked the start of the Revolutionary War, to Oprah Winfrey, perhaps the most recognizable and influential TV personality today, black men and women have played an integral part in American history. This greatly expanded and updated edition of our best-selling volume, The Biographical Dictionary of Black Americans, Revised Edition profiles more than 250 of America's important, influential, and fascinating black figures, past and present--in all fields, including the arts, entertainment, politics, science, sports, the military, literature, education, the media, religion, and many more.

Praise for the previous edition: "...the entries provide vivid historical detail...No other work approaches this topic in such a brief, encyclopedic manner...a useful addition to any academic reference collection..."-Choice "...a useful resource for high school and public libraries..."-Booklist "...does an excellent job...a conscious effort to put a human perspective on pestilence...Given the climate of the times and the concerns about bioterrorism, this title would be useful for a variety of subject areas. Recommended."-The Book Report Tracing the history of infectious diseases from the Philistine plague of 11th century BCE to the COVID-19 pandemic, Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence, Fourth Edition is a comprehensive A-to-Z reference offering international coverage of this timely and fascinating subject. This updated volume provides concise descriptions of more than 740 epidemics, listed alphabetically by location of the outbreak. Each detailed entry includes when and where a particular epidemic began, how and why it happened, who it affected, how it spread and ran its course, and its outcome and significance. Full-color and black-and-white photographs, maps, appendixes, a bibliography, and a chronology are also included. New and updated coverage includes: Cholera Cocoliztli COVID-19 Ebola H1N1 Hepatitis A HIV/AIDS Legionnaires' Disease Malaria MERS Rift Valley fever Typhoid Yellow Fever Zika

Praise for previous editions: "...accessible...this book is an excellent addition to collections serving general readers, high schools, and undergraduates."-American Reference Books Annual "This readable volume is recommended for high-school, public, and undergraduate libraries..."-Booklist "...[an] outstanding reference tool...Biographical dictionaries abound, in political science as in other fields...[but] Wilson's work is more accessible, benefitting from his straightforward approach and simpler organization...Highly recommended."-Choice "Recommended."-Library Media Connection "...an authoritative and readable guide...serves as a helpful resource for high school, college, and public libraries..."-Christian Library Journal American Political Leaders, Third Edition contains 286 biographical profiles of men and women in the United States who have demonstrated their political leadership primarily by being elected, nominated, or appointed to significant political offices in the United States or by having attained some special prominence associated with political leadership. This reference work provides students and general readers with a concise, readable guide to present and past leaders in U.S. politics. Included in this book are presidents, vice presidents, major party candidates for president, significant third-party candidates, important Supreme Court justices, Speakers of the U.S. House of Representatives, senators, representatives, cabinet officers, significant agency heads, and diplomats. Since much of U.S. political leadership involves the representation of successive waves of new groups within the U.S. political system, special care has been taken to include the contributions of women, Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Americans who represented earlier waves of immigrants to the United States. Profiles include: John Adams: president, vice president, diplomat, Revolutionary leader, author Amy Coney Barrett: justice of the Supreme Court Pete Buttigieg: secretary of transportation; candidate for president Andrew Cuomo: governor of New York Jefferson Davis: secretary of war, senator, representative, president of the Confederate States of America Kamala Harris: senator; vice president John Lewis: civil rights activist; representative Gavin Newsom: governor of California Barack Obama: senator, president Sonia Sotomayor: associate justice of the Supreme Court Elizabeth Warren: senator; candidate for president

The ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and the bombings overseas have shown that--despite the "War on Terror"--terrorism is still very much a part of daily life for many individuals. Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Third Edition provides students, researchers, journalists, and policymakers with a complete survey of what seems to be an intractable problem. More than 330 entries organized in an easily accessible, A-to-Z format offer comprehensive treatments of the events, people, organizations, and places that have played a major role in international terrorism. Each entry is placed within its appropriate historical context to help readers understand the wide-ranging motivations behind terrorist actions. New and updated entries include: Islamic State mass shootings narco-terrorism Paris attacks Pulse nightclub terrorist attack right-wing terrorism San Bernardino attacks school site analysis siege of the U.S. Capitol Special Projects Team-Special Air Service (SAS) state-sponsored terrorism white supremacist groups

Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics, Third Edition contains all the material a reader needs to understand the role of women throughout America's political history. This informative A-to-Z volume contains hundreds of entries covering the people, events, and terms involved in the history of women and politics. Entries include: Abortion Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez The birth control movement Black Lives Matter Hillary Rodham Clinton Deb Haaland Domestic violence Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Glass ceiling League of Women Voters #MeToo movement Michelle Obama Sonia Sotomayor Elizabeth Warren and many more.

A Brief History of Germany, Second Edition provides a clear, lively, and comprehensive account of the history of Germany from ancient times to the present day. It relates the central events that have shaped the country and details their significance in historical context, touching on all aspects of the history of the country, from political, international, and economic affairs to cultural and social developments. Illustrated with full-color maps and photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and suggested reading, this accessible overview is ideal for the general reader. Coverage includes: Prehistoric Germany Germania: Barbarian Germany Medieval Germany Reformation Germany Confessional Germany and the Thirty Years' War Absolutism and Enlightenment Napoleonic Germany and the Revolution of 1848 Unification and Empire The Great War and Weimar Germany Nazism and World War II The Cold War: Division and Reunification Contemporary Germany

A Brief History of the Netherlands, Second Edition provides a clear, lively, and comprehensive account of the history of the Netherlands from ancient times to the present day. It relates the central events that have shaped the country and details their significance in historical context, touching on all aspects of the history of the country, from political, international, and economic affairs to cultural and social developments. Illustrated with full-color maps and photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and suggested reading, this accessible overview is ideal for the general reader. Coverage includes: From Early Settlements to Frankish Rule Political Strife and the Rise of Urban Life Wars of Religion and Emancipation Resplendent Republic Dynamo in Decline From Republic to Empire to Kingdom Building the Modern Nation-State Neutrality, Depression, and World War Reconstruction and Rebirth after World War II The Netherlands in the Twenty-first Century: the Triumphs and Trials of a Tolerant Society

A Brief History of Great Britain, Second Edition provides a clear, lively, and comprehensive account of the history of Great Britain from ancient times to the present day. It relates the central events that have shaped the country and details their significance in historical context, touching on all aspects of the history of the country, from political, international, and economic affairs to cultural and social developments. Illustrated with full-color maps and photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and suggested reading, this accessible overview is ideal for the general reader. Coverage includes: Early Settlements, Celts, and Romans Anglo-Saxons, Scots, and Vikings Scotland, England, and Wales Britain in the Late Middle Ages The Making of Protestant Britain Industry and Conquest Britain in the Age of Empire An Age of Crisis The Age of Consensus A House Divided The Age of Brexit

A Brief History of Australia, Second Edition provides a clear, lively, and comprehensive account of the history of Australia from ancient times to the present day. It relates the central events that have shaped the country and details their significance in historical context, touching on all aspects of the history of the country, from political, international, and economic affairs to cultural and social developments. Illustrated with full-color maps and photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and suggested reading, this accessible overview is ideal for the general reader. Coverage includes: Diversity--Land and People Indigenous History European Exploration and Early Settlement Gold Rush and Governments Federation and Identity Formation Realignment Populate or Perish Constitutional Crisis Contradiction and Change The Howard Years Australia in Turmoil

A Brief History of Saudi Arabia, Third Edition provides a clear, lively, and comprehensive account of the history of Saudi Arabia from ancient times to the present day. It relates the central events that have shaped the country and details their significance in historical context, touching on all aspects of the history of the country, from political, international, and economic affairs to cultural and social developments. Illustrated with full-color maps and photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and suggested reading, this accessible overview is ideal for the general reader. Coverage includes: Arabia: The Land and Its Pre-Islamic History The Birth of Islam The Islamic Empire and Arabia The Golden Age of Islam The Mamluks, the Ottomans, and the Wahhabi-Al Saud Alliance The First Saudi State Roots of Modern Arabia Unity and Independence Birth of a Kingdom A Path to World Power Oil and Arms The Gulf Crisis and Its Aftermath Challenges and Cautious Reforms At the Center of a Regional Realignment

This A-to-Z volume examines the role of African Americans in the political process from the early days of the American Revolution to the present. Focusing on basic political ideas, court cases, laws, concepts, ideologies, institutions, and political processes, this book covers all facets of African Americans in American government. Written by a nationally renowned scholar in the field, the Encyclopedia of African-American Politics, Third Edition will enlighten readers to the struggles and triumphs of African Americans in the American political system. Entries include: Abolitionist Movement African immigrants Barack Obama Black Lives Matter Black Panther Party Civil Rights Act of 1964 Emancipation Proclamation "Forty Acres and a Mule" Freedmen's Bureau Hurricane Katrina Institutional racism Integrationism Juneteenth Lynching Malcolm X Million Man March Raphael Warnock

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting up to 80 percent of all individuals with any form of dementia in the United States. An estimated 5.8 million people in the United States had Alzheimer's disease in 2020, and this number is projected to grow considerably with the aging of the large group of the Baby Boomers, born in the years 1946-1964. According to the Alzheimer's Association, by 2025, there will be 7.1 million Americans with Alzheimer's, a 22 percent increase from 2020. After diagnosis with Alzheimer's disease, the average person lives up to 8 more years, although some die sooner or much later. Non-Alzheimer's dementia is also a huge and growing problem in the United States and the world. In 2020, the Alzheimer's Association estimated there were millions suffering from some other form of a degenerative brain disease that cannot be cured. Such other forms of dementia include vascular dementia, frontotemporal lobe dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease dementia. Less common forms of dementia include the dementia that is associated with Huntington's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The Encyclopedia of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias provides a comprehensive resource for information about all aspects of these diseases/ Topics include: abuse and neglect of dementia patients coping with dementia-related behavior issues diagnosing dementia future direction of Alzheimer's care infections and Alzheimer's disease risk factors for Alzheimer's disease stages of Alzheimer's disease dementia

Praise for the first edition: "An altogether excellent introduction to the study of the presidency of the United States..."-Library Journal "...entries are well written...an excellent addition."-American Reference Books Annual "...an excellent resource...recommended..."-Booklist "Highly recommended."-Choice The most up-to-date reference of its kind, Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Fourth Edition is the definitive guide to the role of the president from the American Revolution through the present day. Offering a complete account of the presidency in U.S. history, this A-to-Z encyclopedia will make a great first stop for students and general readers looking for information on the executive branch of the American government. Its comprehensive scope spans the relationship between the executive and the other branches of government, court cases, elections, political opponents, scandals, and more. A valuable resource that provides concise information, Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Fourth Edition contains more than 750 entries. Entries include: Bully pulpit Commander in chief Economic policy Executive privilege Kamala Harris Impeachment Iraq War Thomas Jefferson Middle East Military tribunals New Deal Oval Office Franklin D. Roosevelt Situation room Donald Trump Veto power War powers Watergate White House and more.

In recent years, schools have started introducing more inclusive syllabi emphasizing the works and ideas of previously overlooked or underrepresented writers. Readers of all ages can now explore the rich contributions of writers from around the world. These writers have various backgrounds, and unlike most writers from the U.S. or the United Kingdom, information on them in English can be difficult to find. Encyclopedia of World Writers: 1800 to the Present covers the most important writers outside of the U.S., Britain, and Ireland since 1800. More than 330 insightful, A-to-Z entries profile novelists, poets, dramatists, and short-story writers whose works are anthologized in textbooks or assigned in high school English classes. Entries range in length from 200 to 1,000 words each and include a biographical sketch, synopses of major works, and a brief bibliography. Dozens of entries are new to this edition and many existing entries have been updated and significantly expanded with new "Critical Analysis" sections.Coverage includes: Chinua Achebe Margaret Atwood Roberto Bolaño Albert Camus Khalid Hosseini Victor Hugo Mohammad Iqbal Franz Kafka Stieg Larsson Mario Vargas Llosa Naghib Mahfouz Gabriel García Márquez Kenzaburo Oe Marcel Proust Leo Tolstoy Emile Zola and more.

Praise for the previous edition: "...make[s] high-level scientific concepts accessible to secondary students."--Library Journal "...clearly written and well organized..."--School Library Journal "Fulfilling educational benchmarks identified by the National Academy of Sciences, this encyclopedia is an excellent choice for both public and academic libraries. Recommended."--Choice "...a thorough and informative work...provide[s] accessible information...There is simply no other work that compares to this...High-school and public libraries will welcome such a well-researched title..."--Booklist "The text is suitable for high school students but advanced enough for adult readers, too...presents important biodiversity topics...a handy overview for term papers and class presentations."--Library Journal Biodiversity and ecology are founded in evolutionary science. In order to understand why species of organisms occupy different parts of the world, it is important to comprehend how they evolved. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Revised Edition examines this evolutionary framework with the help of more than 150 entries and five essays averaging at least 2,000 words each. High school teachers can use these entries--grouped by topic--to meet many of the science education goals established by the National Academy of Sciences. Written by a leading expert in the field, this comprehensive, full-color encyclopedia makes information about groups of organisms (from bacteria to mammals) and about ecological concepts and processes (such as biogeography and ecological succession) clearly and readily available to students and the general public. Tables at the end of each entry have a consistent structure, allowing readers to see how environmental conditions and biodiversity have changed through evolutionary time. Entries include: Acid rain and fog Biodiversity in the Jurassic period Darwin's finches Galápagos Islands Peter and Rosemary Grant Life in bogs Natural selection Population genetics Seedless plants Tropical rainforests and deforestation Alfred Russel Wallace.

Praise for the previous edition: "...concise, easy to digest...suitable for most libraries...an excellent introduction to and starting point for research into forensic sciences." --American Reference Books Annual "...fills the need for accessible, accurate information on a popular topic...Recommended for public and academic undergraduate libraries as well as high school libraries."--Library JournalNow in its third edition, this comprehensive encyclopedia gathers together in one place the core topics of forensic science and provides an overview of each, with approximately 650 entries. More than 12 essays are interspersed throughout this reliable A-to-Z reference, describing how forensic science relates to areas such as drug testing in sports, privacy concerns, misconceptions about forensic science, and the interface of forensic engineering and forensic science. Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, Third Edition is richly illustrated with more than 200 black-and-white photographs and illustrations, plus a full-color insert containing photographs with depictions of firearms, tool marks, and DNA analysis. Most of the photographs were supplied by working forensic scientists in many different organizations. This essential encyclopedia will remain the ultimate primer in the subject of forensic science for high school and college students alike. Entries include: Accidental characteristics Airplane crashes Alchemy Anthropology, forensic Birch Method Bloodstain patterns Robert Boyle Color and colorants Crime labs (forensic labs) CSI and CSI effect DNA wars Dust analysis Environmental forensics Explosive power Glove prints Jack the Ripper Lindbergh kidnapping Madrid bombings Albertus Magnus Oaths and ordeals Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy Paracelsus Rigor mortis Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Skeletal identification Sir Bernard Spilsbury Vinland Map Zwikker test and more.

Praise for the previous edition: "Editors' Choice Reference Source"--Booklist "Best Reference Source"--Library Journal "Runner-up, General Nonfiction category"--Green Book Festival "Top 40 Reference Titles"--Pennsylvania School Librarians Association "A worthwhile reference for high school students and the general public."--Library Journal "...interesting and helpful...will help readers gain an understanding of major concepts, terms, and events in modern pollution studies. Recommended."--Choice "Definitive yet accessible...notable for reliable information on a topic of interest to both undergraduate and lay audiences, merits high recommendation for high-school, public, and academic libraries."--Booklist, starred review "...fascinating..."--Library Journal "...an excellent addition for all academic libraries and large public libraries."--American Reference Books Annual "This accessible and attractive encyclopedia provides depth, variety and currency and would be valuable for most high school collections."--Pennsylvania School Librarians Association "...recommended...an excellent source of background reading."--Reference Reviews Newly updated, the Encyclopedia of Pollution, Revised Edition is a comprehensive reference designed to address all aspects of pollution and the global impact on the environment in a single source. Containing more than 300 entries and essays interspersed throughout, it uses the most current scientific data to explain the different types of pollutants including properties, production, uses, environmental release and fate, adverse health response to exposure, and environmental regulations on human exposure. It provides the scientific background on the water, soil, and air of environments where the pollutants are released. Coverage also includes pollution regulation, the function of federal regulatory agencies and environmental advocacy groups, and the technology and methods to reduce pollution and to remediate existing pollution problems. Numerous case studies explore the most infamous of pollution events such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the Gulf War oil well fires, the Chernobyl disaster, Hurricane Katrina, the World Trade Center disaster, and the Love Canal in New York, among many others--including those that had great impact on legislation or that were used in popular media such as the films Erin Brockovich and A Civil Action. Biographies are provided of some of the leaders and pioneers of pollution study and activism. Other useful features include a detailed glossary, a timeline, and tables.

Praise for the previous edition: "...a strong pick for any collection strong in weather science at the high school or college levels."--Midwest Book Review "The entries in the encyclopedia make great reading...has considerable merit and most libraries will want to purchase the volume for their reference collections."--American Reference Books Annual "...comprehensive, highly readable...Recommended."--Choice "...a fact-filled work with articles that are informative and accessible to both student and lay reader...a reasonable and worthwhile investment for both academic and public libraries...larger libraries may want this title for their circulating collections as well."--Against the Grain Now in its third edition, this comprehensive encyclopedia covers all major aspects of tropical cyclone activity. Hundreds of extensively cross-referenced A-to-Z entries detail cyclonic storms in meteorology, history, and culture, along with accessible definitions of technical terms and engaging narratives that capture the dramatic intensity of tropical storms, hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones and the devastation and loss that often resulted. Hurricanes Andrew, Dean, Felix, Gilbert, Wilma, Sandy, and Maria are covered in detail in this comprehensive reference, as well as the most destructive and deadly tropical cyclone witnessed in the United States in the last 50 years--Hurricane Katrina.

Marine Sciences, Revised Edition details the explorers and scientists who are expanding the frontiers of marine science. This comprehensive resource includes the study of the geology of the sea floor, the chemical and physical properties of the water, and the life that teems in and around it. This revised edition now covers the role humans play in polluting marine life and water supplies, and ultimately accelerating climate change, making this edition a must read. It also ties in a selection of various reports, offering students insightful information on the methods and applications of oceanography. Chapters include: The Ocean Depths--Exploring the Seabed Mid-Ocean Ridge--The Largest Single Volcanic Feature on the Planet Creatures of the Deep Sea Tsunami--Killer Waves El Niño and Weather Harmful Algal Blooms--"Red Tides" Human Impacts: Pollution and Climate Change.

Earth Sciences, Revised Edition describes the evolution of major topics in Earth sciences through the lens of key scientists and researchers in the field. From earthquakes to volcanoes to conserving water, this newly revised edition covers a wide spectrum of all that earth science has to offer, making it an essential read for the earth scientist of today and tomorrow. This resource provides an examination the problems researchers are currently investigating, as well as the methods they have developed to solve them in an effort to protect and better understand our planet. Chapters include: Exploring Earth's Depths Origin and Variability of Earth's Magnetic Field Volcanoes and Hotspots Geothermal Energy--A Furnace Beneath the Soil Water Management--Conserving an Essential Resource Predicting Earthquakes.

Biological Sciences, Revised Edition covers a wide range of topics under the vast umbrella of biology, the study of life. Students will learn about the methods and applications of the field through an exploration of disciplines, such as neurology, genetics, and virology. This newly revised edition uses scientific journal articles, reports, and press releases to offer the latest from key scientists and researchers in the field. Chapters include: Brain Imaging: Searching for Sites of Perception and Consciousness The Human Genome in Health and Disease Protein Structure and Function Biodiversity--The Complexity of Life The Biology and Evolution of Viruses Regeneration--Healing by Regrowing.

Chemistry, Revised Edition takes a deep dive with scientists and explorers into the unknown frontiers of chemistry, and uncovers materials that exhibit remarkable or useful properties. Some of these materials consist of large molecules that can cure diseases, while others comprise motors or machines so small they are made of only a few atoms. In learning about the essential properties of materials, students learn how chemists are working to solve global issues, such as the rapid depletion of nonrenewable resources in our environment. This title offers students valuable insight into the methods and applications of chemistry, and how this field can make sense of and improve our way of life. Chapters include: Developing and Designing New Chemicals and Materials Nanotechnology--Technology on a Molecular Scale Chemistry of the Brain--Molecules, Mood, and Mental Illness Smart Materials--Materials That Adapt to Changing Conditions Fuel Cells--Energy for a Power-Hungry World Archeological Chemistry--Exploring History with Chemistry Cryo-electron Microscopy.

Some of life's most essential activities such as power generation, air transportation, space exploration, sewage systems, and modern medicine depend upon humankind's ability to understand and predict how liquids and gases behave. Liquid Matter, Revised Edition gives an in-depth look into the fundamental characteristics of various liquids required for life on Earth and beyond. With liquids being one of the three most familiar states of matter encountered on Earth, this reference describes the role of liquids in Earth's most essential processes. This newly updated edition focuses on several important liquids, including water, blood, oil, and mercury, highlighting the most important scientific principles upon which the field is based. Chapters include: Liquid Matter--An Initial Perspective Physical Characteristics of Liquids Fundamentals of Fluid Science Water--Nature's Most Amazing Molecule The Oceans Water--Its Power and Applications Liquid Refreshments Lethal Liquids Volcanoes, Hot Springs, and Geysers Very Cold Liquids.

Physical Sciences, Revised Edition covers a range of areas of expertise in the ever-changing field of physics. Requiring no special mathematical knowledge to understand the material, this resource explores the ways in which scientists study atoms and their components, while also breaking down the theoretical foundations in the field. With new chapters devoted to the highly advanced technology and facilities that physicists are using, this revised edition is devoted to the researchers who expand the frontiers of physics-and often uncover phenomenon that contradict prevailing wisdom. Chapters include: Nuclear Fusion--Power from the Atom Particle Accelerators Neutrinos--Elusive Particles and the Mysteries of Astrophysics Superconductors--Perfect Electrical Conductors Chaos Theory and the Butterfly Effect String Theory and the Foundations of Physics International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) National Ignition Facility Lawrence Livermore National Lab.

Quantifying Matter, Revised Edition explains how scientists learned to measure matter and quantify some of its most fascinating and useful properties. It presents many of the most important intellectual achievements and technical developments that led to the scientific interpretation of substance, starting with the cosmic origin of the elements. Complete with full-color photographs, this newly updated reference describes the fundamental characteristics and properties of matter. Quantifying Matter, Revised Edition is designed to help any student or teacher with an interest in the measurement and behavior of matter discover what matter is, how scientists measure and characterize its various forms, and how the properties of matter have influenced the course of human civilization. Chapters include: Exploring the Nature of Matter The Origin of Matter The Search for Substance Quantifying Matter During the Scientific Revolution Understanding Matter's Electromagnetic Properties Periodic Table of the Elements Discovering the Radioactive Nature of Matter Exploring the Atomic Nucleus Contemporary View of Matter Manipulating Matter Atom by Atom.

Energy of Matter, Revised Edition presents the most important intellectual achievements and technical developments that led people to use matter's energy content more efficiently. Supported by full-color illustrations, this updated reference describes the transformation of matter into energy and vice versa. This reference emphasizes the historical context in which major energy development milestones occurred. Energy of Matter, Revised Edition has been designed to help any student or teacher with an interest in the energy mysteries of matter, the relationship between matter and energy, how scientists measure and characterize energy, and how the knowledge and use of energy shaped the course of human civilization. Chapters include: Understanding Energy The Big Bang--Source of All Energy and Matter The Energy of Motion Discovering the Nature of Heat Thermodynamics Harvesting Energy Locked in Fossil Fuels Manipulating Matter's Electromagnetic Properties Discovering Equivalence of Energy and Matter Renewable Energy Resources Hydrogen--The Fuel of Tomorrow.

Gaseous Matter, Revised Edition takes readers through many important discoveries that led to the scientific interpretation of gaseous matter. This updated resource describes the fundamental characteristics and properties of several important gases, including air, hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and nitrogen. The nature and scope of the science of fluids is discussed in great detail, highlighting the most important scientific principles upon which the field is based. Gaseous Matter, Revised Edition identifies the wide range of applications that gaseous matter plays in nearly all professional scientific and engineering fields. Chapters include: Gaseous Matter--An Initial Perspective Physical Characteristics of Gases The Rise of the Science of Gases Kinetic Theory of Gases Earth's Atmosphere Wind--Its Power and Applications Air Pollution Human Flight Some Interesting Gases Gases for Energy.

Extreme States of Matter, Revised Edition takes the reader on a journey across the most exciting scientific frontiers of the 21st century. Supported by full-color illustrations, this reference describes the unusual characteristics and properties of matter at extreme states. Such extreme states include matter at exceptionally high temperatures, exceptionally low temperatures, incredibly high pressures, intense magnetic fields, and intense gravitational fields. Readers will explore how the properties and characteristics of extreme-state matter might influence the course of human civilization in this century in this up-to-date reference edition. Chapters include: An Initial Look at Matter Nearing Extreme Conditions Birth of the Universe Atomism Very Hot Matter Life Cycles of Stars The Dark Side of the Universe Very Cold Matter Antimatter Beyond Einstein Living and Thinking Matter.