Bøger udgivet af IAEA

This Safety Guide provides recommendations on how to comply with IAEA safety requirements on leadership and management for safety in the area of radioactive waste management. It presents updated guidance on developing and implementing management systems for safety during all steps of radioactive waste management. Emphasis is placed upon effective leadership and culture for safety. The publication is intended to be used by the regulatory body and organizations with responsibilities for directing, planning, or undertaking the management of radioactive waste; it is also intended to be used by the suppliers to such organizations of safety related services and products that support radioactive waste management.

This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the design of nuclear installations for protection against the effects of external events (excluding earthquakes), meeting the applicable safety requirements established in relation to the design aspects of nuclear installations subjected to external events. It provides methods and procedures for defining an appropriate design for a nuclear installation, based on the site hazard evaluation and the layout of the installation. The aim is to provide design guidance, in particular for the protection of structures, systems and components important to safety against design basis external events. The guide also provides recommendations on the selection of beyond design basis external events, in order to check and verify safety margins.

This publication provides a global overview of the status of spent fuel and radioactive waste management programmes, inventories, current practices, technologies and trends. It presents information on national arrangements for the management of spent fuel and radioactive waste, and on current waste and spent fuel inventories and their future estimates. Achievements, challenges and trends in the management of spent fuel and radioactive waste are also addressed. This second edition has been developed with a basis of national profiles submitted by Member States, complemented with openly available Joint Convention National Reports. The data reported are fully dependent on the input from the States and by the assumptions made to transform these data into the waste classes defined in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1, Classification of Radioactive Waste

This Safety Guide will aid regulatory bodies and users of radioactive material.

This publication provides guidance and recommendations on arrangements to be made at the preparedness stage, as part of overall emergency preparedness, for emergencies involving the transport of radioactive material. The guidance and recommendations in this Safety Guide are aimed at any State and its government, and at regulatory bodies and other response organizations, including consignors, carriers and consignees. It supports the implementation of the requirements established in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 7 for such emergencies, irrespective of their cause, and the IAEA Transport Regulations, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1).

This Safety Guide supersedes the 2010 edition of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-9. It takes account of recently gained knowledge and practices developed by Member States related to seismic hazards, especially lessons from the Fukushima Daiichi accident. It also addresses concomitant events associated with earthquakes, such as tsunamis. The revision provides a clearer separation between the process for assessing the seismic hazards at a specific nuclear installation site and the process for defining the related basis for design and safety assessment of the nuclear installation. Thus, it bridges gaps and avoids undue overlap of the two processes, which correspond to and are performed at different stages of siting of the nuclear installation.

Radiotherapy can be delivered with different types of machine, such as external beam high energy radiation machines, kilovoltage machines and brachytherapy equipment.

As part of the Action Plan on Nuclear Safety, the IAEA led the International Project on Managing the Decommissioning and Remediation of Damaged Nuclear Facilities (DAROD Project).

Resulting from an IAEA coordinated research project, this publication provides information about available strategies for research reactor spent fuel management, and presents a decision methodology to assist those selecting among several options, to identify the preferred approach for their specific situation.

This publication presents the outcome of an IAEA coordinated research project (CRP) on methodologies for assessing pipe failure rates in advanced water cooled reactors.

Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA) is a relatively new methodology, and actual examples of applications are quite limited. This publication provides an introduction to probabilistic approaches to fault displacement hazard assessment with reference to relevant IAEA safety standards.

Artificial sources of radiation are commonly used in the manufacturing and service industries, research institutions and universities, and the nuclear power industry.

Provides recommendations on how to meet the applicable safety requirements in relation to the design aspects of new nuclear installations subjected to seismic hazard. These recommendations focus on the consistent application of methods and procedures for seismic analysis, design, testing and qualification of structures, systems and components.

Provides guidance on the establishment of a national nuclear safety infrastructure as a key component of the overall preparations required for emerging nuclear power programmes. This guide provides recommendations, presented in the form of 200 sequential actions, on meeting the applicable IAEA safety requirements.

Addresses the basics of the application of a graded approach in the regulatory oversight of nuclear installations, describes the approaches currently implemented by several regulatory bodies around the world and, based on these examples, proposes a generic methodology for application of a graded approach to regulation of nuclear installations.

Following adoption of the Paris Agreement, the IAEA initiated a coordinated research project (CRP) to support Member States assess the potential role of nuclear energy in their national climate and energy strategies. This publication presents the findings of the CRP, which brought together research teams from twelve countries.

The objective of this publication is to provide a case-based way of understanding normal biodistribution, variants, and pitfalls, including several examples of typical patterns for the main indications for each of the new non- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals.

Presents a modular approach to the design of waste processing and storage facilities to address the needs of such Member States with a cost effective and flexible solution that allows easy adjustment to changing needs in terms of capacity and variety of waste streams.

Provides guidance to States and their competent authorities on how to implement and maintain a physical protection regime for transport of nuclear material. The publication will also be useful to shippers or carriers in the design and implementation of their physical protection systems.

Provides a framework for the quality control (QC) of radiographic and mammographic imaging systems using remote and automated tools. The methodology provided is designed to be easy to implement, in order to support initiation of remote/automated QC programmes.

Regulations governing the safe transport of radioactive material have been developed and maintained at the international and national levels for more than six decades. More recently, similar efforts have been initiated for security during the transport of radioactive material; however, safety and security provisions have typically been developed independently. The aim of this publication is to provide technical guidelines and practical information to assist Member States, competent authorities and operators in ensuring an integrated and coordination approach. Based on international good practices, its use will facilitate the management of the interface between nuclear safety and security during normal commercial shipments of radioactive material that pose a low radiological consequence if attacked by an adversary.

Focuses on collecting current practices in Member States related to design extension conditions with core melting. The information provided is based on the feedback from technical experts from Canada, France, Finland, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and the USA.

Provides recommendations and guidance on how to meet the requirements established in Specific Safety Requirements No. SSR-2/1 and in General Safety Requirements No. GSR Part 4 for the identification of structures, systems and components important to safety in nuclear power plants and for their classification on the basis of their function.

Reports on the DACCORD project, which supports Member States in preparing preliminary cost estimates for the decommissioning of research reactors. The report is of particular benefit to programmes with limited decommissioning experience.

Provides guidance on how to establish or improve, develop, implement, maintain, and sustain computer security within nuclear facilities. The publication addresses the use of risk informed approaches to establish and enhance computer security policies, and describes the integration of computer security into the management system of a facility.

Considers radionuclide transfer in tropical and arid environments with a focus on root uptake by crops from soils. The data collected and analysed are relevant for estimating the transfer of radionuclides through food chains to humans and for assessing radiation doses to the public due to intakes of these radionuclides in plant products.