Bøger udgivet af Johns Hopkins University Press

A narrative guide to help scientists improve their collaboration techniques and build trusting relationships with their research teams.The days of scientists conducting solitary inquiries in isolated labs are effectively over, with most researchers instead collaborating in cross-functional teams. In addition to mastering the technical skills necessary in their respective fields, scientists must now learn strategies for better communication and relationship building to succeed in reaching increasingly sophisticated and interdisciplinary research goals. In Scientific Collaboration, biosecurity researcher and animal disease ecologist Jeanne M. Fair shares exciting--and occasionally cringeworthy--stories of scientists working together as an approachable way to introduce and explain the principles crucial to effective scientific collaboration. From the global community of scientists measuring sea ice decline to cooperative private-public sector investigations of harrowing virus outbreaks, the real-life experiences provide examples of and insights into how scientists rise to meet challenges together. Fair highlights principles for fostering community, integrity, loyalty, communication, and compassion among teams. Scientists can adopt and apply these principles to research collaborations to improve communication and trust among their team members all while working toward the common goal of discovery. Covering multidisciplinary research teams that have led to transformational breakthroughs as well as stories of hurdles and tough lessons learned, Scientific Collaboration provides a foundation for increasing research productivity while bringing more fun and joy into the collaborative process. This book will appeal to any scientists and team leaders who need to function in this new scientific world, wherein the most important breakthroughs happen through cooperation, combined effort, and mutual trust.

Our fear of cancer causes great harm to individual health and to society.The fear of cancer is understandable. But that fear is in some ways outdated, as it fails to account for the medical progress made against this family of diseases. In Curing Cancerphobia, David Ropeik reveals the fascinating historical and psychological roots of our fear of cancer and documents the dramatic health and financial harms caused when that fear exceeds the risk.Fear of cancer drives millions for whom screening is not recommended to screen for the disease anyway, producing tens of thousands of emotionally damaging false positives and costing the US health care system an estimated $9.2 billion a year. At the same time, fear of cancer also causes many people for whom screening is recommended to avoid it altogether.Modern screening technologies often identify cancers that do not spread or that grow so slowly they almost certainly will never cause harm in a person's lifetime. Yet many of these people, frightened by the word "cancer" in their diagnosis, understandably choose more aggressive and risky treatments than their clinical conditions require. These unnecessary treatments kill hundreds of people, cause severe side effects in thousands, and cost the health care system at least $5.2 billion a year.Additionally, consumers spend billions of dollars on vitamins and supplements, organic food, and other products that promise to reduce our risk of cancer but do not actually reduce it. And an excessive fear of cancer causes resistance to potentially beneficial technologies like nuclear power and fluoridation of tap water. After documenting these harms, Ropeik offers tools and suggestions to help reduce the negative impacts of cancerphobia. Based on extensive research including interviews with experts and cancer patients, Curing Cancerphobia confronts our emotional relationship with the disease we fear more than any other.

"A sweeping narrative of America's imperial history and its long entanglement with China. In Terminus, Stuart Rollo examines the origins and trajectory of American empire in the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on its westward expansion and historic entanglement with China. American foreign and strategic policy in this region, Rollo argues, has always been shaped by broader economic and political concerns centered on China. China's current rise, and the economic and strategic systems that China is developing, represents the most serious challenge to the structure of American empire to date. Rollo paints a sweeping historical narrative of American imperial history and its relationship with China from 1776 to the present. Grounded in archival research, official and personal correspondences, policy documents, declassified intelligence material, and congressional records, Terminus traces the development of American empire building from the pre-independence period to the eve of World War I, arguing that this new empire was primarily driven by commercial interests in China. Rollo explores shifts in global power, resource politics, and international economic structures that led the United States to transition from one of several imperial powers to the world's sole superpower by the last decade of the twentieth century. Finally, he examines the decline of American empire since its brief period of unipolarity in the 1990s, explaining the new pressures and challenges posed by the rise of China. Rollo proposes three scenarios for how the United States might manage its inevitable imperial decline: a vain attempt to shore up and extend the empire, an exploitative hegemony, or a post-imperial foreign policy. This last option would work to repair the damaged fabric of American social and political life, providing a long-term, stable foundation for national security, prosperity, and the well-being of its citizens. All empires eventually end, but with the benefit of hindsight, Rollo urges us to consider how to engineer a softer landing"--

"The author provides a resource for everyone at the intersection of public health and education: students, and professionals in public health and education as well as other stakeholders, such as PTAs and school boards. He provides the evidence base on the reciprocal relationship between education and health, the social determinants of education and health, characteristics of quality schools, and strategies for navigating the culture and advocating for quality schools, and specific organizational and individual actions for mobilization"--

A thrilling narrative history of how one rap battle in New York transformed American culture forever.July 3, 1981, was a pivotal night for the future of America's newest art form: hip hop. In New York's Harlem World Club, the Fantastic Romantic Five and the Cold Crush Brothers competed, with an unprecedented $1,000--and their reputations--on the line in a highly anticipated rap battle. The show drew hundreds of fans to settle a question that still dominates hip hop circles: Who's the best? In Harlem World, journalist Jonathan Mael chronicles this fateful night of hip hop rivalry and shares a new look at how Harlem helped ignite a musical revolution. Since hip hop first emerged in New York in the early 1970s, artists like Theodore Livingston (DJ Grand Wizzard Theodore) and Curtis Brown (Grandmaster Caz) sought to elevate this uniquely American musical genre by pushing the limits of record-playing techniques and lyricism. The two crews they assembled put on the best shows in a world where hip hop was still a strictly live art form. Even as acts like the Sugarhill Gang and Kurtis Blow became commercially successful, New York's top two crews strove to claim the ultimate spot atop the city's hip hop scene.The battle blew the roof off Harlem World that night, and bootlegged cassette tapes of the match-up sent aftershocks around the city as more fans listened to the legendary performances. Set in the New York of the 1970s and '80s, this book shares dozens of new, exclusive interviews and a treasure trove of previously unpublished archival material to tell the story of Cold Crush and Fantastic's rivalry, documenting one of the most important stories in hip hop history. This is the first book of its kind to focus on 1979-1983 and the legendary battles at Harlem World while connecting the genre's formative years to its massive role in American society today.

Explores the role of technology in the larger political and economic fabric of Southeast Asia.In Technology in Southeast Asian History, Suzanne Moon explores the profound entanglement of technology with Southeast Asian politics, social life, economics, and culture over its long history. Moon offers a unique framework for understanding the place of technology in this region and its pivotal role in the emergence of the modern technological world.Synthesizing scholarship from the fields of history, archaeology, and anthropology, Moon examines and links technological stories from prehistory to the mid-twentieth century. She uses analytics in the history of technology--such as circulation, coproduction, and assemblage--to highlight the processes and evolving patterns of technological dynamism that characterize the region. Drawing on research focused on specific technologies, including temple construction, rice agriculture, weaving, and shipbuilding, Moon investigates the interconnectedness of these technologies within the larger political and economic fabric of Southeast Asian history. In contrast with portrayals of Southeast Asia as technologically deficient, Moon demonstrates the richness of this region's technological cultures. She rejects polarizing binaries such as traditional and modern or indigenous and foreign, instead underscoring Southeast Asia's role as a dynamic cocreator of the modern technological world. Technology has contributed to the creation and disruption of social and political orders; shaped engagements across barriers of distance, culture, and language; and produced and reproduced diverse cultures in this region. This narrative of technological change offers students, scholars, and readers critical new perspectives on both technological history and Southeast Asian history.

"This is the first book-length account of early efforts to computerize medical diagnosis. It explores how these efforts produced and interacted with certain professional tensions, disease constructions, personal identities, cultural ideals, economic interests, and material practices. The book offers a historical account that raises pressing questions, problems, and challenges that must be addressed as we work to harness artificial intelligence for the benefit of the medical profession and its patients"--

"This book tells the history of how the field of public health arose and developed via a distinctive way of approaching human health. This "public health approach" is marked by abstracting away from the health of particular individuals and studying populations of individuals and how a variety of factors affect population health"--

A practical guide to building the connections students need to thrive in and after college from the authors of the best-selling Relationship-Rich Education.Decades of research demonstrate how important the relationships with peers and professors are for students academically, personally, and professionally. Yet many students lack the strategies to develop educationally purposeful relationships in college. Connections Are Everything shows students the simple steps they can take to make their own college experience meaningful and transformational. In short, practical chapters, this guide helps readers learn how to build relationships through various strategies, including using "relationship accelerators" like internships and mentorships, undergraduate research, and campus employment. Undergraduate demographics have changed dramatically as students of color and first-generation students become the new majority at colleges and universities across the United States. Connections are particularly significant for these students; the positive--and negative--impacts of peer, faculty, and staff relationships are magnified. Higher education cannot meet students' needs or achieve equity, justice, and inclusion without relationship-rich education. This book empowers students to seek out relationships by demystifying the varied ways they can cultivate significant connections.

A short but engaging look at how nations have succeeded and failed at welfare.In Welfare, political scientist Carsten Jensen examines how the Danish welfare model leads to some of the highest levels of happiness, education, and health in the world. He argues that this welfare model is a success story because it has created a remarkable level of equality and forged strong links between people and public institutions. Jensen probes four central questions about this model: Why do Danes support the welfare state? Which historic events and people have enabled such intimate links to arise between the state and welfare? How much welfare do Danes actually get? And finally, how has Denmark been able to combine welfare and wealth, and how viable will this model be in the future?In Reflections, a series copublished with Denmark's Aarhus University Press, scholars deliver 60-page reflections on key concepts. These books present unique insights on a wide range of topics that entertain and enlighten readers with exciting discoveries and new perspectives.

A short but engaging look at how questions shape our thinking.Why do we ask questions? In Questions, Pia Lauritzen explores the philosophy behind questions and probes how they function as both a development tool and a bridge to understanding. She speculates that the question is the essential characteristic that distinguishes human beings from animals and that it is the key to understanding why we think and act as we do. Basic human phenomena like surprise and doubt, ignorance and curiosity-which all articulate a questioning mode of dealing with the world-may well be the reason why human beings developed language. Yet the diverse ways that different languages and cultures treat questions reflects and reinforces crucial cultural differences. Ultimately, Lauritzen argues, the question is the key to understanding the inner logic that links all major themes in the history of Western philosophy. In Reflections, a series copublished with Denmark's Aarhus University Press, scholars deliver 60-page reflections on key concepts. These books present unique insights on a wide range of topics that entertain and enlighten readers with exciting discoveries and new perspectives.

A short but engaging look at why we dream.In Dreams, researcher Melanie Gillespie Rosen explores the biology and psychology behind dreaming. Introducing historical theories from Aristotle to Descartes, Gillespie Rosen then evaluates current leading theories on the purpose of dreams based on modern research. She reveals how dreams may help consolidate memories our brains deem important while clearing out unnecessary ones, and they may also reflect anxieties in our subconsciousness. Dreams give us a chance to test out future events in order to rehearse our actions and responses. Gillespie Rosen examines the sleep stages and explains why most of the dreams we remember occur during REM. She even explores why some people dream in color, while others report dreaming in black and white. In Reflections, a series copublished with Denmark's Aarhus University Press, scholars deliver 60-page reflections on key concepts. These books present unique insights on a wide range of topics that entertain and enlighten readers with exciting discoveries and new perspectives.

"The United States significantly undercounts the number of people who die in law enforcement custody each year. How can we fix this?Deaths resulting from interactions with the US criminal legal system are a public health emergency, but the scope of this issue is intentionally ignored by the very systems that are supposed to be tracking these fatalities. We don't know how many people die in custody each year, whether in an encounter with police on the street, during transport, or while in jails, prisons, or detention centers. In order to make a real difference and address this human rights problem, researchers and policy makers need reliable data. In Death in Custody, Roger A. Mitchell Jr., MD, and Jay D. Aronson, PhD, share the stories of individuals who died in custody and chronicle the efforts of activists and journalists to uncover the true scope of deaths in custody. From Ida B. Wells's enumeration of extrajudicial lynchings more than a century ago to the Washington Post's current effort to count police shootings, the work of journalists and independent groups has always been more reliable than the state's official reports. Through historical analysis, Mitchell and Aronson demonstrate how government at all levels has intentionally avoided reporting death-in-custody data. Mitchell and Aronson outline a practical, achievable system for accurately recording and investigating these deaths. They argue for a straightforward public health solution: adding a simple checkbox to the US Standard Death Certificate that would create an objective way of recording whether a death occurred in custody. They also propose the development of national standards for investigating deaths in custody and the creation of independent regional and federal custodial death review panels. These tangible solutions would allow us to see the full scope of the problem and give us the chance to truly address it"--

How a journey through Italy casts light on secrets, stereotypes, and the manipulation of information in eighteenth-century science.In 1749, the celebrated French physicist Jean-Antoine Nollet set out on a journey through Italy to solve an international controversy over the medical uses of electricity. At the end of his nine-month tour, he published a highly influential account of his philosophical battle with his Italian counterparts, discrediting them as misguided devotees of the marvelous. Paola Bertucci's In the Land of Marvels brilliantly reveals the mysteries of Nollet's journey, uncovering a subterranean world of secretive and ambitious intelligence gathering masked as scientific inquiry.The advent of electricity was a pivotal phenomenon not only in the history of physical experimentation, but also in the cultivation of popular scientific interest. Nollet's journey was supposedly inspired by the need to investigate, and subsequently report on, claims of the use of electrified "medicated tubes" by their Italian inventor Gianfrancesco Pivati. Motivated by economic interests in the silk industry, Nollet's journey was in fact an undercover mission commissioned by the French state to discover the secrets of Italian silk manufacture and possibly supplant its international success. The event that sparked the medical controversy--the unusual cure of a bishop--was a complete fabrication. Bertucci insightfully contrasts published accounts of the event with private documents and discusses how eighteenth-century scientists published fictional events and results to bolster their careers, ultimately leading to long-lasting misrepresentations of scientific practice and enduring stereotypes. In the Land of Marvels reveals the constellation of historical actors, from reputed physicists to travel writers and electrical amateurs, who manipulated information to gain authority and prestige.

How digital therapies can transform your health.Traditional health care has a new ally. Some patients with sleep disorders, back pain, and diabetes are now being prescribed app-based treatment instead of drugs. Algorithms are helping cancer patients manage their symptoms, and video games are improving the attention span of children diagnosed with ADHD. A new class of medicine called digital therapeutics (DTx) is gaining traction and transforming the way patients engage with the health care system. In Medicine without Meds, Dean Ho, Yoann Sapanel, and Agata Blasiak explore the exciting potential for these digital therapies to transform patient care.Ho, Sapanel, and Blasiak share their insights on how these therapies can deliver value beyond the technology, address the challenges of implementation in existing health care models, and revolutionize care delivery. These clinicians, researchers, engineers, patients, start-up founders, and corporate executives are at the forefront of designing and building tomorrow's DTx. They explain what DTx represents, how it differs from other digital health solutions, and how these tools can be conceptualized, created, and brought to market. Throughout, case studies from leading DTx organization such as Akili Interactive, MedRhythms, and Welldoc illuminate best practices in product development, issues to consider, and pitfalls to avoid. These essays, along with a foreword by D. A. Wallach and Dr. Eddie Martucci's outlook on the future of DTx, present the exciting potential for DTx to reimagine health care for all.

"Universities are refocusing on pedagogy--how we teach and learn what we know--and they have placed that work in new centers for teaching and learning (CTL). In this book, the author maps the landscape of 1,200+ US centers and programs --including medical and professional school programs-- through another approach: coding of their websites. This data allows insight into CTL strategy and operations, and it offers a picture of a fuller near-population of centers (rather than a small sample of center directors)"--

Based on a meticulously updated examination of more than 8,000 references current through 2021, this second edition ensures Dodd's master work will remain an unparalleled resource for years to come.

Integrating these various factors improves our understanding of dinosaurs as the living beings they were in their ecosystems millions of years ago and ultimately expands our knowledge and perspective of today's ecosystems by framing them in a broader evolutionary context.

"In this book, the author has written a history of not only the National Cathedral but also the idea that animates it, arguing that it is a touchstone site for the American civil religion - the idea that the American nation functions much like a religion, with its own rituals, sacred texts, holy days, and so on. Moreover, he shows, it is the National Cathedral that most embodies the various tug-of-wars that have quietly defined the American civil religion - questions of belonging, of ideology, and of America's place in the world"--

How the Chicago International Livestock Exposition leveraged the eugenics movement to transform animals into machines and industrialize American agriculture.In 1900, the Chicago International Livestock Exposition became the epicenter of agricultural reform that focused on reinventing animals' bodies to fit a modern, industrial design. Chicago meatpackers partnered with land-grant university professors to create the International--a spectacle on the scale of a world's fair--with the intention of setting the standard for animal quality and, in doing so, transformed American agriculture.In Making Machines of Animals, Neal A. Knapp explains the motivations of both the meatpackers and the professors, describing how they deployed the International to redefine animality itself. Both professors and packers hoped to replace so-called scrub livestock with "improved" animals and created a new taxonomy of animal quality based on the burgeoning eugenics movement. The International created novel definitions of animal superiority and codified new norms, resulting in a dramatic shift in animal weight, body size, and market age. These changes transformed the animals from multipurpose to single-purpose products. These standardized animals and their dependence on off-the-farm inputs and exchanges limited farmers' choices regarding husbandry and marketing, ultimately undermining any goals for balanced farming or the maintenance and regeneration of soil fertility.Drawing on land-grant university research and publications, meatpacker records and propaganda, and newspaper and agricultural journal articles, Knapp critiques the supposed market-oriented, efficiency-driven industrial reforms proffered by the International, which were underpinned by irrational, racist ideologies. The livestock reform movement not only resulted in cruel and violent outcomes for animals but also led to twentieth-century crops and animal husbandry that were rife with inefficiencies and agricultural vulnerabilities.

"The editors have brought together a volume of papers and essays written by tribal fish and wildlife managers and researchers about the work they do. This book will help wildlife professionals and conservationists in private and public sectors draw lessons from the expertise of indigenous peoples in North America, and advise them on how best to incorporate long-established successful Native methods in their own practices"--

"This book connects climate research to a deep, futures-informed analysis of academia. It starts with a small focus, a given campus, then gradually expands its view to the level of how academia as a whole interacts with civilization's broadest movements. Each chapter is powered by real world examples and current research"--

"This book is on the investigation and prosecution of Baltimore Police Department's Gun Trace Task Force (GTTF), a group of detectives who were both cops and robbers at the same time. The GTTF was supposed to trace guns back to the criminals responsible for Baltimore's stubbornly high rate of violent crime. Instead, federal authorities traced dozens of robberies, burglaries, and even an armed home invasion to the members of the GTTF. In 2015 and 2016, Baltimore was reeling from the death of Freddie Gray, the unrest that followed it and an explosion of violent crime that followed the unrest"--

Examines how the June 12, 1982, rally for nuclear disarmament paved the way for a new generation of activists.On June 12, 1982, one million people filled the streets of New York City and rallied in Central Park to show support for the United Nations' Second Special Session on Disarmament. They demanded an end to the nuclear arms race and called for a shift from military funds to money allocated for human needs. In Saving the World from Nuclear War, Vincent J. Intondi draws on archival materials and interviews with rally organizers and activists in Central Park to explore this demonstration from its inception through the months of organizing, recruiting, and planning, to the historic day itself.

"This book tells the compelling story of public health efforts in 19th-century Philadelphia directed at preventing the outbreak of epidemics of cholera, yellow fever, and other diseases. It is a story about quarantine set against the background of the Philadelphia Lazaretto, the first quarantine house built in the United States, and one of the largest in the world"--