Bøger udgivet af Kluwer Academic Publishers Group

The rise of the neutral theory of evolution has aroused a renewed interest in the quantitative approach to population genetics, and the aim of this book is to explain this field to biologists with a limited amount of mathematical expertise.

This book covers the major areas of active research and uses and although advanced it presents the basic theory of how to apply BEM in acoustics as well as specific formulations for more complicated problems.

Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the foundations of this enterprise by bringing together classic papers devoted to crucial problems involved in understanding natural language, which range from issues of formal syntax and logical form to those of possible-worlds and situation semantics.

The rapidly evolving field of protein science has now come to realize the ubiquity and importance of protein-protein interactions. It had been known for some time that proteins may interact with each other to form functional complexes, but it was thought to be the property of only a handful of key proteins. However, with the advent of high throughput proteomics to monitor protein-protein interactions at an organism level, we can now safely state that protein-protein interactions are the norm and not the exception. Thus, protein function must be understood in the larger context of the various binding complexes that each protein may form with interacting partners at a given time in the life cycle of a cell. Proteins are now seen as forming sophisticated interaction networks subject to remarkable regulation. The study of these interaction networks and regulatory mechanism, which I would like to term 'systems proteomics,' is one of the thriving fields of proteomics. The bird-eye view that systems proteomics offers should not however mask the fact that proteins are each characterized by a unique set of physical and chemical properties. In other words, no protein looks and behaves like another. This complicates enormously the design of high-throughput proteomics methods. Unlike genes, which, by and large, display similar physico-chemical behaviors and thus can be easily used in a high throughput mode, proteins are not easily amenable to the same treatment. It is thus important to remind researchers active in the proteomics field the fundamental basis of protein chemistry. This book attempts to bridge the two extreme ends of protein science: on one end, systems proteomics, which describes, at a system level, the intricate connection network that proteins form in a cell, and on the other end, protein chemistry and biophysics, which describe the molecular properties of individual proteins and the structural and thermodynamic basis of their interactions within the network. Bridging the two ends of the spectrum is bioinformatics and computational chemistry. Large data sets created by systems proteomics need to be mined for meaningful information, methods need to be designed and implemented to improve experimental designs, extract signal over noise, and reject artifacts, and predictive methods need to be worked out and put to the test. Computational chemistry faces similar challenges. The prediction of binding thermodynamics of protein-protein interaction is still in its infancy. Proteins are large objects, and simplifying assumptions and shortcuts still need to be applied to make simulations manageable, and this despite exponential progress in computer technology. Finally, the study of proteins impacts directly on human health. It is an obvious statement to say that, for decades, enzymes, receptors, and key regulator proteins have been targeted for drug discovery. However, a recent and exciting development is the exploitation of our knowledge of protein-pro

This collection of papers stems originally from a conference on Property Theory, Type Theory and Semantics held in Amherst on March 13-16 1986. Two of the papers in the present collection (van Benthem in volume 1 and Chierchia in volume II) were not actually read at the conference.

The papers in this volume are intended to exemplify the state of experimental psycho linguistics in the middle to later 1980s. Our over­ riding impression is that the field has come a long way since the earlier work of the 1950s and 1960s, and that the field has emerged with a renewed strength from a difficult period in the 1970s. Not only are the theoretical issues more sharply defined and integrated with existing issues from other domains ("modularity" being one such example), but the experimental techniques employed are much more sophisticated, thanks to the work of numerous psychologists not necessarily interested in psycholinguistics, and thanks to improving technologies unavailable a few years ago (for instance, eye-trackers). We selected papers that provide a coherent, overall picture of existing techniques and issues. The volume is organized much as one might organize an introductory linguistics course - beginning with sound and working "up" to mean­ ing. Indeed, the first paper, Rebecca Treiman's, begins with considera­ tion of syllable structure, a phonological consideration, and the last, Alan Garnham's, exemplifies some work on the interpretation of pro­ nouns, a semantic matter. In between are found works concentrating on morphemes, lexical structures, and syntax. The cross-section represented in this volume is by necessity incom­ plete, since we focus only on experimental work directed at under­ standing how adults comprehend and produce language. We do not include any works on language acquisition, first or second.

Featuring over 250 contributions from more than 100 earth scientists from 18 countries, The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology deals with the nature and genesis of igneous rocks that have crystallized from molten magma, and of metamorphic rocks that are the products of re-crystallization associated with increases in temperature and pressure, mainly at considerable depths in the Earth's crust. Entries range from alkaline rocks to zeolite facies - providing information on the mineralogical, chemical and textural characters of rock types, the development of concepts and the present state of knowledge across the spectrum of igneous and metamorphic petrology, together with extensive lists of both commonly used and little used terms and bibliographies.

This handbook is intended as an introductory guide to students at all levels on the principles and practice of plant growth analysis. Many have found this quantitative approach to be useful in the description and interpretation of the performance of whole plant systems grown under natural, semi-natural or controlled conditions.

This is the first textbook that approaches natural language semantics and logic from the perspective of Discourse Representation Theory, an approach which emphasizes the dynamic and incremental aspects of meaning and inference. The book has been carefully designed for the classroom. It is aimed at students with varying degrees of preparation, including those without prior exposure to semantics or formal logic. Moreover, it should make DRT easily accessible to those who want to learn about the theory on their own. Exercises are available to test understanding as well as to encourage independent theoretical thought. The book serves a double purpose. Besides a textbook, it is also the first comprehensive and fully explicit statement of DRT available in the form of a book. The first part of the book develops the basic principles of DRT for a small fragment of English (but which has nevertheless the power of standard predicate logic). The second part extends this fragment by adding plurals; it discusses a wide variety of problems connected with plural nouns and verbs. The third part applies the theory to the analysis of tense and aspect. Many of the problems raised in Parts Two and Three are novel, as are the solutions proposed. For undergraduate and graduate students interested in linguistics, theoretical linguistics, computational linguistics, artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Suitable for students with no previous exposure to formal semantics or logic.

Definition of the barrier The interstitial fluid (rSF) of the brain is separated from the blood by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier must not be thought of as a single entity or as an absolute restriction to all molecules, but as a multiple structure located at several sites within the brain.

Helminths include one of the most diverse and geographically widespread groups of parasites which infect humans and animals. Many parasitic helminths are either zoonoses (diseases naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man) or have evolved from animal parasites.

Summary Based on the experiences of past designs and the outcome of recent studies in the comparisons of low-level image processing architectures, a pipelined system for real time low-image processing has been designed and realized in CMOS technology.

This is the first book to treat rocky, sandy and muddy shores worldwide in an up-to-date way for the serious student.

It may be unnecessary to some to publish a text on sexuality in 1986 since the popular press speaks of the sexual revolution as if it were over and was possibly a mistake. Indeed, we are experiencing something of a backlash against open sexuality and sexual liberation.

This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of the behaviour and principal applications of electronic ceramics including their magnetic, ferroelectric, electronic and ionic conducting properties.

Published annually since 1985, the Handbook series provides a compendium of thorough and integrative literature reviews on a diverse array of topics of interest to the higher education scholarly and policy communities.

Published annually since 1985, the Handbook series provides a compendium of thorough and integrative literature reviews on a diverse array of topics of interest to the higher education scholarly and policy communities.

Published annually since 1985, the Handbook series provides a compendium of thorough and integrative literature reviews on a diverse array of topics of interest to the higher education scholarly and policy communities.

Published annually since 1985, the Handbook series provides a compendium of thorough and integrative literature reviews on a diverse array of topics of interest to the higher education scholarly and policy communities.