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The present volume offers a collection of studies intended to give an overall picture of the International Colloquium on Medieval Theatre organized by the Instituut voor Middeleeuwse Studies of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The reader will probably remark upon the fact that studies on medieval drama are as flourishing and diversified as their object itself once was. From liturgical drama to pageant, from nativity play to mystery, from latin comedy to 'sottie', morality and farce, one discovers here the various aspects of an output that covers more than five centuries. This selection hopefully represents a cross-section of contemporary work in the field. As methods evolve and ways of reading change, the subject reveals itself as something for ever old and new. Thus a number of contributors emphasize a formal approach. Both the analysis of a dramatic production as a structured entity--from the larger viewpoint of scenic organization right down to the level of verse or even rime--and as an actual performance, continue to shed valuable light on the theatrical event in its generic and historical context.

Europe is a word that is almost daily on our lips. But how far do we have to go back in order to find the origins of its name? The first part of this beautifully illustrated book traces the geographical and mythological basis of Europe's name. Who came up with the idea to distinguish the world in continents with proper names? The search will bring the reader back to the early history of mankind. How did the ancient Egyptians see the world and populations around them? Where did the Hebrews get the idea to split the world in three? And what was the world-picture in ancient Greece, laid down in geographic treatises and fragments?Where did the name 'Europe' originate from? Could it be from a person, either mortal or divine? In ancient Greek literature the name 'Europa' appears quite frequently for Greek goddesses and Greek women. Strangely enough, the best known Europa myth concerns a Phoenician princess, loved by the Greek god Zeus. Many mythographs doubt the Asian descent of the Phoenician Europa. Is her real origin to be located on mainland Greece? How can the contradicting Greek myths be interpreted, and was the name universally accepted as the name for the continent?In the second part of this book, the author tells the amazing story of how the Arts have treated the Europa myths for almost three millennia. He shows the extraordinary influence of the personification of the geographic continent Europe on literature, music, sculpture, painting, tapestry and other applied arts. All this clearly demonstrates the vivid interest in Europe for the subject throughout the ages and illustrates, according to Karel van Miert in his Foreword, our common European culture.

The life of John Armonio Marso, born around 1477 in Abruzzi and died in Venice after 1552, is quite unknown: the main events were collected by M. Quattrucci and more fully developed by Walther Ludwig in the introduction to his critical edition of the Comedy Stephanium.

The essays collected in this volume were first presented at the international and interdisciplinary conference on the Graphic Novel hosted by the Institute for Cultural Studies (University of Leuven) in 2000.The issues discusses by the conference are twofold. Firstly, that of trauma representation, an issue escaping by definition from any imaginable specific field. Secondly, that of a wide range of topics concerning the concept of "visual narrative," an issue which can only be studied by comparing as many media and practices as possible.The essays of this volume are grouped here in two major parts, their focus depending on either a more general topic or on a very specific graphic author. The first part of the book, "Violence and trauma in the Graphic Novel", opens with a certain number of reflections on the representation of violence in literary and visual graphic novels, and continues with a whole set of close readings of graphic novels by Art Spiegelman (Maus I and II) and Jacques Tardi (whose masterwork "C'?tait la guerre des tranch?es" is still waiting for its complete English translation). The second part of the book presents in the first place a survey of the current graphic novel production, and insists sharply on the great diversity of the range in the various 'continental' traditions (for instance underground 'comix', and feminist comics, high-art graphic novels, critical superheroes-fiction) whose separation is nowadays increasingly difficult to maintain. It continues and ends with a set of theoretical interventions where not only the reciprocal influences of national and international traditions, but also those between genres and media are strongly forwarded, the emphasis being here mainly on problems concerning ways of looking and positions of spectatorship.

This book is an edited publication of several excavation campaigns in Egypt, oriented towards the understanding of the chert extraction techniques employed by Middle and early Upper Palaeolithic humans in the lower desert of the Egyptian Nile Valley between Tahta and Qena.

The presence of so many fabliaux in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is intriguing in its own right, given the fact that there are no real fabliaux in Middle English befor Chaucer. But these stories are also interesting as instances of a concept and practice thas has received little critical attention so far, namely 'analogy', the writing and, above all, recognition of 'similar' stories. How to account for the literary practice that enables us to perceive stories as similar, c.q. analogous? This original study sets out to explore this phenomenon, first tentatively vis-?)vis other terms and practices (Translation, Borrowing, Adaptation, Version) and then, in the major part of the book, in a pragmatic-structuralist analysis of four salient components of narrative--Plot, Character, Thematics, and Genre--each illustrated with examples taken from Chaucer's fabliaux and their analogues in various European languages.In each of the four chapters the key-issue is Categorisation and Hertog traces its evolution and usefulness a a concept from Wittgenstein's family resemblances' and Zadeh's 'fuzzy set theory' to E. Rosch's Prototype theory. The conclusion draws attention to two aspects which set Chaucer's fabliaux very much apart from the other analogues: their contextuality within the polylogue of the Canterbury Tales, and secondly, their explicit intertextuality which invites us to look anew at the assumptions of traditional source-criticism. The study ends with some theoretical reflections on analogy and an attempt at definition.The book will interest not only Chaucerians and other medievalists but also scholars in literarry theory and interpretation.

In this photo book, Els Vanden Meersch investigates the latent presence of violence and dominance in the everyday reality of the urban fabric. Subtle images contain combinations of banal details, through which emerges a restrained tension that points at the paranoid as it is felt in architecture. Control mechanisms such as surveillance cameras, spy holes and rear-view mirrors are set against one another.They gradually raise the stakes towards displaying an impenetrable control system that is built on the principles of military architecture, sophisticated technology and compelling viewing apparatuses. In this machine of anxiety, both the operator of the system and its target remain invisible. An aimless matrix of meaning appears, in which a mirror reveals as much as a dead-end corridor. In an astutely accurate way, this book offers a representation of what cannot be outspoken or imagined but which inevitably has happened.This book contains an essay by Hilde Van Gelder, and a poem by Alice Evermore.

In English and French.The development of photography from its roots in nineteenth-century science gradually transformed book illustration and the dissemination of images. This reference work presents the first comprehensive overview of Belgian photographic literature of the nineteenth century, encompassing both illustrated books and scientific publications. It makes a major contribution to academic study in the field, with a corpus of 681 entries. Each title is accompanied by information about locations of surviving copies in institutional collections in Belgium and elsewhere. An introductory essay plots the development of photographic publishing in Belgium, making full use of primary and secondary sources, and an album of more than eighty images draws on the rich iconography of early Belgian photographic literature, most reprinted here for the first time.

The twenty-year reign of Trajan, A.D. 98-117, inaugurated the longest period of stability and good government the Roman Empire ever saw, and witnessed the production of one of the most influential literary works of antiquity, Plutarch's Parallel Lives. This collection of essays explores, from several perspectives, Plutarch's relation to the ideas of government in his day. The focus is on Plutarch, because of the importance of his writings, the number and eminence of his Roman friends and the problematic nature of his relation with Trajan. Plutarch's position at Delphi made him a spokesman for the cultural memory of Greece. His friends were among the most important in the empire; some were close associates of Trajan. His Lives and political essays form the largest single body of political writing from the early empire.The nineteen essays in this book, by leading European and American Scholars, address three questions: What was the social and intellectual context in which Plutarch wrote? What did this philosopher-author have to say to contemporary statesmen; whether civic leaders, Roman imperial officials, or the emperor himself? How did his philosophical inquiry address contemporary issues?The overall objective is to establish the context of Plutarch's work in the society and the historical circumstances for which it was written; to see Plutarch not writing in a vacuum but for readers whose ambitions, virtues and weaknesses he recognized and whom he wished to help achieve a more philosophically based life.The first part considers the Greek social and cultural world of Plutarch's day, examining the role of philosophers and literary figures, the influential cultu of Isis described by Plutarch and the effect of the times on Plutarch's choice of heroes. Thereafter a segment on Plutarch's suggestions for the contemporary statesmen is followed by a third on his relation to the emperors. This latter part treats specifically his relation to Trajan and the ways in which his Lives do and do not address the specific issues of Trajan's reign and imperial ideology. A fourth part considers Trajan's Policy in Stone: his presentation of himself on the Column of Trajan and his building program outside Rome in Italy and the Provinces. In the final chapter Plutarch's philosophy is examined in the context of his times, looking at how the philosopher addresses the issues of political exile and the education of the young.Thanks to the inclusiveness of the issues addressed, and the original and provocative ideas of the contributors, this book should be of interest to all those who wish to understand the Plutarch's Parallel Lives and the works of other writers of this period in their fuller social and political context.

In October 1998 prof. Jan Van der Veken retired as professor of metaphysics and philosophy of God at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, after more than thirty years of teaching. For a long time he was one of the driving forces behind the Institute of Philosophy's flourishing International Program. He is also the president of the European Society for Process Thought and Director of the Process Documentation Center in Leuven. Because of his broad international commitment, colleagues, friends and former Ph.D-students from all over the world are offering him this collection of essays, which reflect his areas of interest, as a tribute to his work and career.Since for Jan Van der Veken our vision of the world, and especially the placing of God and religion in it, has been the basic concern in all his work and thought, this problem is also at the core of this volume. Though religion, philosophy and science speak different languages, it is the task of our vision of the world to bring them into some rational coordination.Many philosophers have guided him in this intellectual search. The first of these has been the later Merleau-Ponty, on whose philosophy he wrote his doctoral dissertation and who has remained present in his thinking. But the discovery of the work of Charles Hartshorne and Alfred North Whitehead opened up for him completely new perspectives and provided him with a new tool to formulate his own insights. It may be said that Jan Van der Veken introduced process-thought in the Low Countries, and that he is still its main proponent.All these aspects of Jan Van der Veken's thought are treated in this volume. All the contributions testify to the breath of interest, so characteristic of Jan Van der Veken's thinking but also of the necessity of an over-all vision of the world. In an Postscript, Jan Van der Veken himself reconstructs his own journey from Being to Becoming.

Enhancing the participation of women in high-level decision-making in several sectors of society has been on the agenda of national and international institutions for several years. These endeavours, however, are not always equally successful. In this book, the authors evaluate the participation of women in the field of educational policy-making in western Europe, both from a quantitative and a qualitative perspective. Over the last decade, many countries have taken legal steps in order to eliminate structural obstacles to women's access to high level positions; nevertheless, women still take up only a small minority of these functions, which suggests that cultural factors are obstructing women's empowerment as much as juridical factors.Increasing the numbers of women as a purely quantitative approach to the problem is inadequate, because it leaves these cultural elements unchallenged. Therefore, in the first, theoretical part of this book, the authors address the question of the relationship between women's participation in politics and the question of social emancipation. Through a deconstruction of the different arguments for increasing women's participation in policy-making, the authors try to indicate in what sense or under what conditions women's participation in politics can address not only the problem of women's equal rights, but also that of engendering a less discriminative, more democratic and emancipatory politics. In the second part, they analyse on an empirical level the participation of women in educational policy-making in the member countries of the E.U. The aim thereby is to explore some general tendencies and to formulate hypotheses concerning interrelationships between some of the data. This part gives rise to a number of interesting questions for further research.

The general aim of this book is to discuss a number of important and interrelated issues in life of modern man in medicine and the law. That discussion is not only on material aspects of those issues but also on the forms of knowledge which enable us to develop the relevant arguments and to cope with related experiences in everyday life. These issues are on the whole understood in terms of the 'law-medicine relationship' or the 'law and medicine interface'. However, a reflexion on the philosophical and cultural basis of those expressions shows the shortcomings of that appraoch and the need for an understanding of that relationship in terms of intertwining discourses.

The principle, omne agens agit sibi simile, "every agent causes something similar to itself," is fundamental to Scholastic metaphysics, and especially natural theology. In fact, it is only upon its vasis that inferences can be made from creaturely characteristics to the nature of the Creator. However, omne agens agit sibi simile, is taken for granted even by an author such as Saint Thomas Aquinas, who never feels any need to justify its validity, in spite of the fact that "there is hardly a phrase which occurs more often in Saint Thomas," as Etienne Gilson remarked.Tracing the historical roots of omne agens agit sibi simile is an indispensable first step in trying to explain the import of this principle in Scholastic Thought. The first part of the book is devoted to this task. it argues that the mediaeval metaphysics of causal similarity is rooted in a conception of the cosmos which goes back to the Presocratics, and according to which being is essentially circular, or self-reflexive. This conception was further elaborated by Plato, Aristotle, the Neoplatonists, and their mediaeval successors. The second part examines omne agens agit sibi simile in Thomistic metaphysics. Without neglecting Aquinas's sources, it attempts to elucidate the structure of his thought in the light of contemporary philosophical questions. It is stressed, for instance, that in Aquinas's thought, causality involves a process of 'concealing revelation" of the cause in and through its effect--an idea which was later to become a central element in Heidegger's philosophy.

The collapse of the communist regimes at the end of the 1980s has radically changed European structures and has reshaped the context of European integration and European security. With the enlargement of NATO and EU on the agenda, old division lines are on the verge of being erased. The crucial question, of course is what place Russia will take in this new Europe. Will Russia act and be allowed to act as a full-fledged European partner? Or is there a risk that Russia might be isolated, which would mean that new, not necessarily iron, curtains might descend over Europe? Or is Russia a country which is only half-European as it covers the Eurasian land mass?In this book eminent specialists answer the question "Is Russia a European Power?" in different ways. Their contributions focus on the historical and cultural background of the Russo-European relationship, on the perception and self-perception of Russia. Other authors focus on hot political issues: Russia's position in Asia, the significance of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the enlargement of NATO and EU, and the role of Russia in the Council of Europe. This wide horizon offers a solid context for a good understanding of current developments. For it is now that the foundations of the new, post-Cold War Europe are being laid.

This volume presents a critical edition of the final parts of Bate's Speculum. In these parts, which constitute the culmination of his Platonic-Aristotelian encyclopedia, Bate outlines a 'holistic' world-picture. Parts XX to XXII are devoted to the main topics of scholastic cosmology (the eternity of the world, the union of the heavenly bodies and their separate movers, the number and harmony of the spheres). Some original passages are of special interest for the history of medieval science: particularly Bate's theory of magnetism, his comments on observational errors, and his examination of diverse astronomical models. In Part XXIII, Bate concentrates on the metaphysical subject that stimulates his inquisitive mind to the extreme, that is, on the divine forms which move the spheres, and ultimately on 'the God of all gods'. In appendix a story about the apparition of a spirit has been added. The Introduction comprises three sections: a summary of Bate's argument, an analysis of the chapter on magnetism, and a discussion of literary aspects of the Speculum.

This reader is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Frederic McClintock who was to be a co-editor. Dr. McClintock passed away in May 1994. In part one of this book, acknowledged experts from Finland, Holland, Switzerland, Spain and the U.K. report on the developments in victimology and discuss the discipline's impact on criminal justice policy.Part two takes a broader perspective explaining how restorative justice initiatives could provide a viable and less costly alternative to the current retributive criminal justice system. In this part, three essays contrast the retributive and restorative justice paradigms while the remaining six essays are devoted to the theory and the different practices of restorative justice.Particular attention is given to the role crime victims can play in a new model of criminal justice and to their traditional role in aboriginal and tribal communities. Also emphasis is placed on the practice of mediation, the techniques of dispute settlement and conflict resolution aimed at restitution and harm reparation and their recent developments in different countries.

The first two volumes of Henry of Ghent's Summa were published in 1991, edited by Dr. R. Macken, and in 1994, edited by Dr. G.A. Wilson. Now a third volume has been published, containing the articles 41-46, dealing with the goodness and perfection of God, His totality (totalitas) and infiniteness, His will and love. In 1277 a polemic began between the theological and philosophical faculties of the University of paris. In this polemic Magister Henry of Ghent (+1293) defended the position that knowledge of God could only be achieved by linking the divine concept to the biblical Neo-Platonic and the Aristotelian-cum-Averroean traditions. He found answers to every question posed by the philosophers and guided theologians through the philosophical labyrinth.His work is definitely on a level with the penetrating questions Thomas Aquinas asked in his Summa. The history of the texts written by the scholastics presents the double aspect of the university tradition and frequent text revisions. The copied texts were corrupted as a result of frequent emendations. A computer text editing programme (Critical Edition Typesetter) helps us to reestablish both emendations and corruptions (including emendations resulting in further corruptions). The list of variant readings should not only show the textual corruptions, but should also highlight the textual criticism of the scholastics which caused particular texts to become recognized as the standard.

Restorative justice is increasingly becoming an inspiration for experiments in dealing with the aftermath of offenses, a basic orientation in criminological research and a powerful issue in the reforms of juvenile justice.This volume offers a selection of papers presented in the international conference on Restorative Justice for Juveniles, organised in Leuven, May 1997, by the Research Group on Juvenile Criminology, in concert with the International Network for Research on Restorative Justice for Juveniles. The participation was very great and brought together a great part of the world's most authoritative scholars in the field.The conference resulted in two volumes. This one proposes about half of the free contributions. The selection has been based on intrinsic quality and possibility to enter into a coherent set of contributions. All together, they form an important reader on the concept of restorative justice, its potentials for juveniles, its actual applications and the remaining discussions and topics for research.

In 1997, the 500th anniversary of the birth of the Spanish-Dutch humanist Juan Luis Vives was celebrated in Spain and especially in his hometown Valencia. On a much smaller scale Leuven also contributed to the celebration of this humanist, who outdid even the great Erasmus in originality of ideas in the field of pedagogy, psychology and sociology. The most important humanist of the region, Justis Lipsius from Overijse, deserved to be honoured in a more conspicuous way than previously. In happy collaboration with Lipsius's hometown of Overijse and with the Plantin-Moretus Museum at Antwerp, a varied program was designed, including several exhibitions, a historical evocation of the man and his world, and a few publications.

Interactive classrooms for distance teaching and learning are part of a new revolution in education. They allow teachers, students and institutions to be linked together in a powerful network so that information can be transmitted rapidly to where it is needed, thereby maimising the use of teaching resources. Importantly, they also offer remote students a 'telepresence' - the feeling of being present in a classroom with a teacher and other students for intellectual and social interaction during the teaching and learning process.This handbook provides a step by step guide to setting up a classroom for telepresence learning. Its comprehensivecoverage includes chapters on testing it works, guidelines for the full range of users, together with troubleshooting and reference sections. There are also detailed case studies of the five distinctive learning scenarios developed by the handbook's pan-European authors, which include sites for teaching remote learners, remote and local learners, group presentation and interaction, a single learner, and a learning centre group. The handbook is a BLUEPRINT, to be read cover to cover, or dipped into for specific information as you strive to set up or fine tune your own version of an interactive classroom for distance teaching and learning.

"We live in a reflective age." That is Soren Kierkegaard's overall conclusion when evaluating the time he lives in. But his appraisal contains both approval and criticism. On the one hand reflection is a necessary category to deal with the dynamics and the qualities of the modern age, on the other hand it bears a great danger. It is Kierkegaard's firm conviction that reflection should always relate to a kind of immediacy that safeguards it from becoming hollow and detached from our existential reality. Throughout the voluminous and complex work of Kierkegaard, the notions of 'immediacy' and 'reflection' play a crucial role. They appear in such an early work as From the Papers of One Still Living as well as in the late Anti-Climacus writings, and indeed their significance or influence can be felt in all philosophical texts published in between. That is not to say that the meaning of the notions is unequivocal. After all, Kierkegaard not only uses the terms in very divergent contexts, but his own understanding of them appears to evolve quite strongly in the course of his oeuvre. Moreover, in spite of their clearly philosophical character, the two notions play an unmistakable role in Kierkegaard's understanding of religion. They appear frequently in the religious discourses indeed. In short, Kierkegaard's use of the notions of 'immediacy' and 'reflection' covers a broad array of meanings and interpretations. The dialectics of immediacy and reflection, of reflection killing immediacy and raising the question of the possibility of a new immediacy is the main theme of Immediacy and Reflection in Kierkegaard's Thought. The book contains contributions authored by a number of well known Kierkegaard scholars. Kierkegaard's theory of the 'existence spheres of life' provides a first viewpoint on the interplay of immediacy and reflection. Here the philosophical and pseudonymous writings are the main subject of research. If on the other hand one pays a closer look at the significance of a 'second immediacy' for a religious attitude to life, The religious discourses come into play when the possibility of a 'second immediacy' is taken into consideration. In conclusion the theme of immediacy and reflection is connected to some important trends in the modern and contemporary era. On the one hand it is linked to the philosophical influences Kierkegaard underwent (e.g. from Hegel); on the other hand Kierkegaard is confronted with later thinkers (Heidegger in particular).