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This book will help to learn people first steps, of R Statistics, this book contains the matter of R Statistics which is not available on the internet/print already. This book is fast paced, it is meant to be read sitting before a PC and to enter the commands.

The book is the compilation of the research work conducted at macro/micro levels by eminent scientists and teachers of the country with diverse specializations. These scientists/teachers have willingly contributed their work in the form of the articles to this volume addressing various dimensions of the food security and livelihood scenario in various states of the country and the country as a whole. The book is most relevant in the present day owing to the fact that the food security and livelihood is the priority issue confronting the country, as also it demonstrates the use of quantitative techniques in estimating demand and supply gaps. The strategies for conservation of the food energies through proper processing and their value addition for enhancing livelihood options has been taken care of. The nutritional demand-supply gaps, malnutrition and other related issues are also addressed comprehensively. The book is expected to serve as a reference material for the researchers, planners and the public representatives for understanding the conceptual frame of livelihood and food security besides devising pragmatic policies in achieving the food security through attainment of livelihood security at macro and micro levels.

The book is basically intended to accompany cytogenetics students of Genetics and Plant Breeding. The present book with the help of diagrams and explanations it has been attempted that even a beginner could grasp the core elements of the subject. The book has been strictly organized on the basis of course curriculum of being taught in Universities. All the topics covered in the book have been ordered in a crisp and comprehensible manner avoiding complexities of a traditional textbook since it is a simply a guide book to supplement but not supplant the main texts.

The book entitled "Plant Secondary Metabolites" is divided in 11 chapters with broader headings which include introduction, History, Biosynthesis, Essential Oils/Terpenes/Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Gums & Mucilages Oleoresins, Plant amines, Techniques and Biotechnological approaches. 45 tables, 60 figures, chemical equations and colour photographs have been used to make the information useful for under-graduate and post-graduate students of agriculture, ayurveda, pharmacy, naturopathy and home sciences to enrich their knowledge is not only scare but is also scattered and hence an attempt has been made here to provide the best available information to students, researchers and faculties in resembling disciplines under one roof.

This book is the out come from the personnel's who have their foot in microbiology science last two decades. It's a collection of almost a dozen of sister concerned disciplines in microbiology. It includes more than 6900 terms related to microbiology. This book will become and essential book to all who have some bearing with microbiology and fields like mycology, bacteriology, virology, microbe-biotechnology, parasitology etc.

Climatic variations often tend to have adverse effect on the yield and production of crops. Efforts have, therefore, been on for harnessing this natural resource through artificial means for increasing crop productivity. One such technology is protected cultivation. This technique is well adopted in Europe and USA and now China and Japan are leading in controlled sphere production of horticultural crops. In India, the technology is making breakthrough in Karnataka and Maharashtra in protected cultivation of pepper, tomato, cucumber, muskmelon, baby corn etc. Precision farming is defined as the cultivation by adopting technologies which give maximum precision in production of a superior crop with a desired yield levels and quality at competitive production. These include use of genetically modified crop varieties, micropropagation, integrated nutrient, water and pest managements, protected cultivation, organic farming, hi-tech horticulture, and post harvest technology. Post-harvest sector needs lot of precision. Peels, rags, etc. go waste. Many times, peels being rich in polyphenols, colouring pigment, nutrients etc are richer in antioxidant than what we actually eat. Here, we need precision. Precision in management, precision in product diversification, precision in value addition are much sought after aspect.

In this century, students of biology are confronted with an entirely different scenario. All aspect of biology become more molecular-molecular biology. The tools have transformed our information management, taking access information to new heights. The advances made by the molecular biology tools have been very phenomenal in understanding and solving many of age old problems involved with many plant and animal genomes. These tools have been very dynamic when combined with traditional paths of research to know the structure and functions of millions of genes. The present book chapters contain first hands-on information on methods and protocols in a simplified manner which is very easy to learn and perform. Further, methods and protocols constitute a gold-standard reference for today's scientists who wish to develop and hone their molecular biology skills towards the discovery of new biological relationships. This book has been divided into 10 chapters with each chapter containing introduction, principle, protocol, applications and troubleshooting and it has been written keeping in mind the requirements of graduate/postgraduate students and research scholars

The author made attempts to meet the need and requirements of Undergraduate and postgraduate students for horticulture prescribed books in related to practical and laboratory exercise This book will helpful in standardizing subject matter for teachers, students and related to horticultur

The present book has 17 chapters authored by 30 working scientist's covers basic and applied sciences of vegetables, fruits, flowers, spices and value added products. One of the rare books carrying detailed information not only production but also cover methods and management techniques on how to protect and ensure proper and nutritional growth of the horticultural crops.

The book has 21 s addressing fundamentals and applied aspects of nanotechnology in soil science and plant nutrition research and written by explorers of a new frontier. The interpretation of subject matter in each is comprehensive, simple and lucid with relevant supporting data. This book would offer a platform for basic, fundamental and advanced learning for students. It would also be useful and informative to researchers from SAUs and ICAR institutes.

Insects and non-insect pests are responsible for causing extensive damage to crops in the field and to grains and stored products in the warehouses and godowns, which necessitates their control. In this book, the author has given:- Detailed account of major insect and non-insect pests of economically important field and horticultural crops and possible measures of their control. Information about household pests, which damage human possessions, as well as insect and non-insect pests, which either cause diseases or transmit various diseases in plants, livestock and humans. A list of minor pests of each crop, which may attain the level of major pests when conditions become favorable for them. List of insecticides approved by the Government of India for use as spray chemicals and granular insecticides and the dosage for their use. The text is substantiated with many, fine hand-drawn illustrations, depicting the nature of damage and life cycle of the pests, which is the highlight of this book. The book is intended primarily for the Under Graduate students of Agriculture, but it will be immense use for the Post Graduate students of Agriculture, officials working in the Department of Agriculture, those interested in scientific farming and for the general public.

Proper identification of a problem is the prerequisite for devising the measures of its management as well as for applying the most suitable management strategy available. Plant diseases have always been an associated problem for successful crop cultivation and obtaining optimum profits from this most important enterprise. With advancements in the field of chemical management of plant diseases, we have witnessed a simultaneous increase in the problems related to pesticide application in agriculture. Part of this problem can be attributed to the improper identification of plant diseases, which leads to the use of improper chemical in injudicious amounts. It has, therefore, become necessary to aware the people involved in education, extension and practice of agriculture of proper characterization of plant diseases with the most appropriate management strategy for the disease. In this context, students, extension workers and farmers stand the major clients who must be armed with information on proper identification method and management of a given plant disease. The present book is designed to cater to the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of agriculture and biosciences, extension workers and educated progressive farmers. It is aimed to aid them in proper identification of many of the economically important plant diseases with integrated strategies for their respective management. The book may also serve as a guidebook for the professionals in the field of plant disease management for identification and management of plant diseases with minimal resource requirements

Mobile phones are revolutionised the communication process and becoming all-in-one magical device for anytime and anywhere communication. The last decade has seen a flourish in the number of mobile based agro-advisory service initiatives in the developing countries and more are added regularly in some part of the world. Services that started with farmers help-lines accessed through landlines and messages (SMS) have evolved slowly to multimodal and multimedia based delivery of advisory and to m-agriculture applications for smartphones. In this rapidly changing m-Agriculture scenario, this book is an attempt to document the evolution of mobile phone based agro-advisory services around the world. The content of the book comprises of country s on mobile phone applications for agricultural extension from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe along with s on global review on m-agriculture initiatives, content generation process and socio-economic impact of mobile phone based agro-advisory services. This book delves into the development of mobile phone based agro-advisory and their content, delivery mode, business model and utility and provides an insight into the evolution of mobile phones as an extension tool in different countries across the globe. The book will provide valuable insights on m-agriculture initiatives for agricultural extension around the world to agricultural students, extension professionals, researchers and policy makers across the globe both for understanding them and working on them. The lessons from the m-agriculture initiatives can guide the mode of implementation and evolution of mobile based advisory services in agriculture.

The latest and most commonly used methods of assay of important enzymes associated with carbon, nitrogen, protein and lipid metabolism. Estimation of various plant pigments and micro and macro elements. Quantification of plant hormones like IAA, ABA, GA and Ethylene. Techniques of DNA and RNA estimation, Slab Gel Electrophoresis and Western Blot analysis of plant proteins. Methods to study plant biomass and plant-water relationship. Methods to measure photosynthesis and respiration. Method for preparation of common buffe Working principles and operation techniques of a few analytical equipments like Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA), Gas Liquid Chromatograph (GLC), Psychrometer, Pressure bomb/pressure chamber, flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Leaf Area Meter and Oxygen electrode. This book is useful for students in botany, plant physiology, biochemistry, horticulture, agronomy and other cognate disciplines and other research workers."

This book deals with total 11 s of which, some are related to the thrusts caused by the phytonematodes and their managements in cereals, forage, pulses, seed spices, horticultural and plantation crops. In some of these, the protective cultivation and interaction between nematode and phytopathogens have also been dealt. Coverage of this book is with recent literature pertinent to the related topics and their compilation also made by subject learned scientist. It is to hope that this book will be serving as a good reference book to the subject related researchers and scientists.

The book has been compiled to bring together comprehensive information and literature on medicinally and commercially important plants in respect of biosystematics, reproductive biology, genetic amelioration, cultivation, conservation, chemistry, pharmacology, trade, value addition and future prospects for wider readership. The ten plants are: Aegle marmelos, Aloe vera, Saussurea costus, Aconitum heterophyllum, Asparagus racemosus, Berberis aristata, Bergenia ciliata, Crocus sativus, Picrorhiza kurroa and Piper longum.

The umbrella of microbial biotechnology in agriculture covers numerous scientific activities, ranging from production of biofertilizers to that of microbial pesticides; from biological nitrogen fixation to ligno-cellulose degradation; from production of biomass and bio-fuels to transgenic plants. The object of this book is to cover comprehensively different groups of microorganisms used for sustained productivity of plants important in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The readers may appreciate the potential and fascination of biotechnological approaches used for utilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The book is a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the subject. The book will be useful to students, teachers and researchers interested in microbiology, biotechnology, natural resource management, organic farming and sustainable agriculture, horticulture and forestry.

The book entitled "Molecular Markers and Plant Biotechnology" is an exclusive collection of molecular marker based techniques narrated in 40 s through 578 along with figures makes it essential for biotechnology people. To supplement the practical working the relevant equipments have been described. Laboratory safety rules placed in the beginning is a wise task. Appendices include basic calculations; basic principles in preparation of reagents, abbreviations and glossary show the carefulness while preparing this text. This is an unavoidable text for biotechnology laboratory and class."

This book is designed to cater the needs of students of Horticulture and allied science. The main motive is to cover all important points about temperate fruit and plantation crops. These fruit crops need oriented text encompassing and the latest information about various aspects, to serve as a reliable source of information about production of temperate and plantation crops. This subject of fruit and plantation crops is highlighted in a concise manner using simple and lucid language so that it is understood well. This book is written from our experience of the past several decades. It deals with several temperate and plantation crops. Each chapter in this book has been presented and well written in accordance with the present scenario. It provides an overview and recent detailed information of all principles and management practices.

The book covers concept and relevance of organic agriculture in 16 chapters as organic farming, basic information on biofertilizers, classification of biofertilizers, nitrogen fixation, Rhizobium, Azolla, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, blue green algae, phosphorus solubilizing micro-organisms (PSMs), Mycorrhizae, Frankia, vermiculture and vermicomposting, liquid biofertilizers, production, quality and marketing of biofertilizers & some important media. The book is written in a very simple form with up to date data and statistics. We have put the references of all chapters at the end of book that we hope will be useful to you. It is a mostly all-inclusive basic textbook on organic farming system and will specifically meet out the requirement of the scientists, teachers, research scholars and students of both the urban and non-urban areas.

"This is a sincere effort to record the major ornamental plants raised in gardens and landscapes of today. The main classes of plants are described in the introductory . The subsequent s list the plants in the order of their habitat. The information includes scientific name, common name and the family to which the plants belong, a brief description and ornamental features. A comprehensive account of trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, creepers and taxonomic groups that share characteristics such as bulbous plants, cacti, succulents, bromeliads, ferns and their allies, grasses, bamboos, sedges as well as ornamental water garden plants are given. Flowering and foliage trees of gardens of the tropics and subtropics and the popular deciduous trees and coniferous trees of the temperate zone are dealt separately. Among shrubs, dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous flowering and foliage shrubs as well as temperate region species suited for the hilly regions of India are included. Importance has been given to annual and perennial herbs grown in tropical and temperate regions. Climbers and creepers popularly grown in tropical gardens are listed. Among specialized plant groups, they are more commonly grown plants and those with outstanding ornamental features are selected. A brief account of planting and tips on their care and management are given. The book includes around 250 colour photographs and an index of the scientific names and families. The author has prepared this volume for the enlightened and keen enthusia to serve as guide for identifying garden plants and for selecting ornamentals to suit different locations under varied climatic conditions."

Safety is a matter of concern for human. Unsafe food has posed considerable health problems from time immemorial and many food safety problems encountered today are not new. The governments all over the world are doing their best to improve the safety of food supply. This book is presented with a view to provide the students on the various importance of clean milk production, handling and processing to public health. The book gives in a nutshell the importance of adopting various practices for a holistic approach towards safe market milk and milk products. The description of spoilage and pathogenic organism will help the students to think in terms of investigating food contamination and thus their preventive and control measures. The experiments given in the laboratory manual are meant to train the students in the microbiological aspect and safety of food.

Processing of milk into various dairy foods, i.e. Dairy Technology is underpinned by disciplines such as chemistry and biochemistry, microbiology and process engineering. Strong emphasis on public health aspects and product quality demands that proper attention be given to the points in the production and processing chain where both pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms can be controlled effectively. Keeping above points in view, a very comprehensive book has been written encompassing entire gamuts of chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics of milk, processing and preservation of milk. The main objective of the book is to provide the latest information in a consolidated form at one point to meet the requirements of not only undergraduate and postgraduates students but also teachers and dairy professionals.

In the backdrop of remarkable strength and achievements of modern medical science, an overwhelmingly large proportion of world population still depends upon varying indigenous systems for meeting its health care needs. These systems, exemplified by Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, rely on traditional knowledge of indigenous communities about health-imparting and curative properties of plants. Such plants of health promoting and curative value are currently collected from the wild in large amounts and face threat of loss of diversity and extinction. Because of this reason, and the imperative of improving them genetically for productivity and the desired trait quality, it becomes imperative that the needed demands for them are met from organised cultivation and not by extraction from natural stands. Meeting complex demands of the above mentioned kind will require collation and presentation of detailed information about the targeted plant species. The book is an attempt to meet this requirement for nine important plant species, viz., Panax Ginseng, Polygonatum spp., Picrorhiza kurroa, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Crepedium acuminatum, Tribulus terrestris, Ephedra spp. Crataegus rhipidophylla and Ginkgo biloba. Each chapter provides information on different plants on aspects such as, reproductive biology, medicinal, chemical and pharmacological aspects, threats and conservation, cultivation, commercial status, future directions for research, value addition, patents and literature cited. The book will be of interest to a very wide and diverse ience, which includes academics and researchers, interest groups of drug industry, administrators and policy makers.

The book contains 19 chapters on production technologies of horticulture crops as: 1. Horticulture 2. Orchard Designing & Planting Systems 3. Orchard Floor Management 4. Description of Fruit Crops 5. Description of Vegetable Crops 6. Nursery Raising Techniques in Fruit Crops 7. Nursery Raising Techniques in Vegetable Crops 8. Propagation Techniques for Horticulture Crops 9. Canopy Management Techniques 10. Leaf and Soil Sampling Techniques 11. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) in Vegetable Crops 12. Field Preparation, Layout of Experimental Plot and Calculation of Fertilizer Doses for Vegetable Crops 13. Exotic Vegetables 14. Hydroponics in Vegetable Cultivation 15. Weed Management in Horticultural Crops 16. Cultural Practices for Medicinal Plants 17. Annuals and Their Management 18. Flower Arrangements 19. Architectural Landscaping

Microorganisms are ubiquitous and indispensable for the existence of mankind. They show diversity in size, shape, metabolism and the range of positive functions they perform for sustaining the life on this planet. Bacteria have been exploited by the mankind since times immemorial for the production of various foods and enzymes. They reveal several types of metabolic reactions which are absent in eukaryotic organisms. The present book highlights the potential of microorganisms in solving the global energy crisis. Presently, the world is facing energy crisis due to depleting fossil fuels which are expected to get exhausted during the next 50 yeaOne of the alternative energy resources for the new millennium is expected to be the renewable energy including biomass from which a variety of biofuels can be obtained by the exploitation of microbes. This volume has been organized in 13 s which have been prepared to provide the readers with both an in-depth study and a broad perspective of microorganisms for sustainability of mankind. Further, it makes the readers familiar with the diversity in energy generating pathways among different groups of microorganisms and different types of biomass energy resources available on this planet and the various possibilities which can be exploited for converting these in to alternate energy sources with the help of microbes. A great effort has been made to provide the readers a comprehensive knowledge about different alternative fuels and value added products from microbes for the 21st century. It is hoped that this volume will prove useful to the students and professionals who are pursuing their career in Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Environmental sciences and Energy studies related to the alternate biofuels to solve the global energy crisis.

Microbial Biotechnology is wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary activities which include recombinant DNA techniques, cloning and the application of microbes to the production of goods from bread to antibiotics. This book is an attempt to highlight the significant aspects of the vast subject area of microbial biotechnology likes bioinformatics tool for PCR primer designing, fungal biotransformations, bioremediation by microbes, natural products from fungi, microbial diversity etc to provide a complete overview of the subject. It also addresses the role of bacterial plasmid in xenobiotic degradation, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria, ultraviolet-B radiation effect on microbes and human health. The book will be valuable to the researchers, biologist, microbiologist, scientists, post graduate students of microbiology, agriculture, biotechnology and medical science also.

The word "nano agriculture" refers to the infusion of nanotechnology concepts and principles in agricultural sciences so as to develop processes and products that precisely deliver inputs and promote productivity without associated environmental harm. Nano Agriculture is quite appropriate in India in the context of changing scenarios in agricultural production systems which in the verge of transformation towards precision agriculture.

It is predicted that the world population will reach about 9.7 billion by the year 2050 and to feed this population the food production has to be increased proportionately. Further we are all concerned about climate which in turn results in abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, etc. These abiotic stresses will seriously affect crop productivity. This approach has gained popularity in the recent years and seems to be a potential option for the future. The present book brings out the role of different groups of microorganisms in alleviating abiotic stress in crop plants.