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Famous Zionist philosopher Martin Buber introduces the Western audience in his modern masterpiece. This book is a result of forty years of study, and Buber interprets the ideas and motives that underlie the great Jewish religious movement of Hasidism and its creator, Baal-Shem. Buber's interpretation of Hasidic stories and teachings influenced the revival of it's practices in a new generation to turn to Hasidic teachings, and his collection Hasidism continues to affect Jewish scholarship worldwide. With his lasting work in both Hasidism and Zionism, Buber imagined a renewal in the Jewish faith, and his philosophies and idealisms enrich the pages of this book, making it a must-read for any Jewish or religious scholar.

This book is full of essays which Arnold Schoenberg wrote on style and idea. He talks about the relationship to the text, new and outmoded music, composition in twelve tones, entertaining through composing, the relationship of heart and mind in music, evaluation of music, and other essays. Arnold Schoenberg (13 September 1874 ΓÇô 13 July 1951) was an Austrian and later American composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. He used the spelling Sch├╢nberg until after his move to the United States in 1934 (Steinberg 1995, 463), "in deference to American practice" (Foss 1951, 401), though one writer claims he made the change a year earlier (Ross 2007, 45). Schoenberg was known early in his career for successfully extending the traditionally opposed German Romantic traditions of both Brahms and Wagner, and later and more notably for his pioneering innovations in atonality. During the rise of the Nazi party in Austria, his music was labeled, alongside swing and jazz, as degenerate art. In the 1920s, he developed the twelve-tone technique, a widely influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale. He also coined the term developing variation, and was the first modern composer to embrace ways of developing motifs without resorting to the dominance of a centralized melodic idea. Schoenberg''s approach, both in terms of harmony and development, is among the major landmarks of 20th century musical thought; at least three generations of composers in the European and American traditions have consciously extended his thinking and, in some cases, passionately reacted against it. Schoenberg was also a painter, an important music theorist, and an influential teacher of composition; his students included Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Hanns Eisler, and later John Cage, Lou Harrison, Earl Kim, Wayne Barlow, and many other prominent musicians. Many of Schoenberg''s practices, including the formalization of compositional method, and his habit of openly inviting audiences to think analytically, are echoed in avant-garde musical thought throughout the 20th century. His often polemical views of music history and aesthetics were crucial to many of the 20th century''s significant musicologists and critics, including Theodor Adorno, Charles Rosen, and Carl Dahlhaus. Schoenberg''s archival legacy is collected at the Arnold Sch├╢nberg Center in Vienna.

Written during the height of the Enlightenment, KantΓÇÖs Introduction to Logic is an essential primer for anyone interested in the study of Kantian views on logic, aesthetics, and moral reasoning. More accessible than his other books, Introduction to Logic lays the foundation for his writings with a clear discussion of each of his philosophical pursuits. For more advanced Kantian scholars, this book can bring to light some of the enduring issues in KantΓÇÖs repertoire, and for the beginner, it can open up the philosophical ideas of one of most influential thinkers on modern philosophy. This edition comprises two parts, including the first Introduction to Logic and the second an essay titled The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures, in which Kant analyzes Aristotelian logic. Immanuel Kant was a Prussian philosopher, physicist, and mathematician whose contributions to the study of logic, epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, and moral reasoning have had a lasting influence on philosophical scholarship. Born in K├╢nigsberg, East Prussia in 1724 to a modest family, Kant was raised Pietist, and initially went to the University of K├╢nigsberg to study theology. He later abandoned theology for mathematics and physics after becoming interested in the work of Sir Isaac Newton. He was appointed chair of logic and metaphysics at the University of K├╢nigsberg and, at the height of the Enlightenment, began publishing his most famous philosophical texts, including his most important work, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. Kant has had a tremendous impact on modern philosophy, influencing scholars throughout history, including Karl Marx and G. W. F. Hegel, and he continues to be read and studied today.

The essays in this little volume, published here for the first time in book form, were written by Bertrand Russell during the Second World War when he was less concerned with the stormy issues of nuclear warfare and the containment of communist aggression. In those years the author was teaching philosophy at American universities and exercising a growing influence on America's student population. The essays assembled here are fundamentally concerned with "e;the art of reckoning"e; in the fields of mathematics, logic and philosophy. The simplicity of Russell's exposition is astonishing, as is his ability to get to the core of the great philosophical issues and to skillfully probe the depth of philosophical analysis. Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, social reformer, and pacifist. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died. Russell led the British "e;revolt against Idealism"e; in the early 1900s and is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his protege Wittgenstein and his elder Frege. He co-authored, with A. N. Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, an attempt to ground mathematics on logic. His philosophical essay "e;On Denoting"e; has been considered a "e;paradigm of philosophy."e; Both works have had a considerable influence on logic, mathematics, set theory, linguistics and analytic philosophy. He was a prominent anti-war activist, championing free trade between nations and anti-imperialism. Russell was imprisoned for his pacifist activism during World War I, campaigned against Adolf Hitler, for nuclear disarmament, criticized Soviet totalitarianism and the United States of America's involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "e;in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."e;

In Schoenberg and His School, Rene Leibowitz performs a threefold task. He relates the music of Schoenberg and his followers to the age-old tradition of Western polyphony, of which, he says, it is but the latest product. He discusses, with numerous musical examples, all known major works of Schoenberg and of his two great disciples Alban Berg and Anton Webern. And, in the final section of the book, he considers what the tradition represented by these three men could bring to the future, if carried still further by the young composers of today. Contents: Prolegomena to Contemporary Music; Arnold Schoenberg: The Origins and Foundations of Contemporary Music; Alban Berg: The Awareness of the Past in Contemporary Music; Anton Webern: The Awareness of the Future in Contemporary Music; The Structure of Contemporary Musical Speech.

Mario Pei and Frank Gaynor bring together essential terms and concepts in this extensive Dictionary of Linguistics. With a carefully crafted headword list and plenty of cross-references and accessible explanations, this dictionary will keep readers coming back again and again.

A collection of hundreds of words and expressions fully but simply defined, valuable for a clearer understanding of the operation of our national, state and local governments.

Margaret of Cortona was an Italian penitent of the Third Order of St. Francis. She was born in Laviano, near Perugia, and died in Cortona. She was canonized in 1728. She is the patron saint of the falsely accused; hobos; homeless; insane; orphaned; mentally ill; midwives; penitents; single mothers; reformed prostitutes; third children; tramps. Saint Margaret of Cortona aroused Mauriac's interest because very little was known about her in France and because she succumbed to human love and even had a child. This interest distracted him in a time when the Germans were all over France and he followed her wherever she led him. This is the story of one such spiritual encounter.

France's great Catholic author and Nobel Prize winner unfolds his thoughts on a variety of topics in a series of letters written to such men as Albert Camus, Jean Cocteau, Pierre Schaeffer and Jacques Riviere. Readers of Proust's Way, Men I Hold Great, and The Stumbling Block will find intense interest in Mauriac's reflections on the death of Georges Bernanos, the Claudel-Gide correspondence, and the Routier youth movement.

Originally published in 1800, Crimes of Passion contained eleven stories and an essay on the novel. The present book contains three (abridged) tales. In ';Florville and Courval' we find not only a reinterpretation and elaboration of the Oedipus myth, but an unforgettable illustration of Donatien Alphonse Franois de Sade's artistic creed. He was not simply an eccentric aristocrat with artistic pretensions, but a pathological rebel against the Age of Enlightenment, and a prisoner of the Prince of Darkness. Two other tales are presented here. ';Juliette and Raunai' has a historical setting. It is sentimental and melodramatic. In it, virtue does triumph, but not before the lovers have run the gamut of human suffering. ';Miss Henriette Stralson' has a contemporary setting and ranks above his historical tales. In it, virtue wins only a pyrrhic victory.

Ernest Wood took an interest in Zen after writing his first article on the subject for a Shanghai magazine when he was in Japan in 1920. This book gives a clear picture of Zen ideas and history and a biographical account of its growth in China and Japan.