Bøger udgivet af Springer Nature Singapore

This book aims to reveal the dynamic mechanism of China's economic system innovation. It measures the efficiency of Chinäs economic growth under the New Normal with the tools of DEA, SFA, and PCA. The book analyzes the contribution of capital, labor, and productivity to China's economic growth by Solow residual value method and the power source of China's economic development under the New Normal. In this book, it adopts the vertical integration of logical thinking, combined with the horizontal diversification of topics, to show a brand-new research method.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation, WALCOM 2024, held in Kanazawa, Japan, during March 18¿20, 2024. The 28 full papers presented in this book, together with two extended abstracts of invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. They cover diverse areas of algorithms and computation, that is, approximation algorithms, algorithmic graph theory and combinatorics, combinatorial algorithms, combinatorial optimization, computational biology, combinatorial reconfiguration, computational complexity, computational geometry, discrete geometry, data structures, experimental algorithm methodologies, graph algorithms, graph drawing, parallel and distributed algorithms, parameterized algorithms, parameterized complexity, network optimization, online algorithms, randomized algorithms, and string algorithms.

This book presents various design theories and methodologies for silicon-based high-sensitivity broadband receivers, including millimeter-wave radiometer chips and photoelectric receivers, which are core elements in imaging systems, data centers, and telecommunication infrastructures. As a key module in application systems, the high-sensitivity broadband receiver, not only attracts the attention of engineers and researchers in the radio-frequency and optoelectronic fields, but also garners significant interest from other disciplines, including optics, communications, and security. The book introduces various silicon-based critical design technologies aim to overcome the limitations inherent in silicon devices, distinctly enhancing sensitivity with a broad bandwidth. These innovative design methodologies, initially proposed and subsequently validated through meticulous measurements, represent a pioneering contribution. The book provides readers with detailed insights into design intricacies and considerations. Its audience includes undergraduate and graduate students with a specific interest in RF/optoelectronic receiver technology, along with researchers and engineers engaged in the study of imaging systems, data centers, or other communication applications.

This book provides an advanced introduction to extended theories of quantum field theory and algebraic topology, including Hamiltonian quantization associated with some geometrical constraints, symplectic embedding and Hamilton-Jacobi quantization and Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) symmetry, as well as de Rham cohomology. This extended new edition offers a multifaced insight into phenomenology of particles such as baryons and photons, in terms of extended objects. In particular, in the second edition, the baryons are described in hypersphere soliton model, and the photon properties are additionally included in stringy photon model and in Dirac type relativistic quantum mechanics for a photon.It offers a critical overview of the research in this area and unifies the existing literatures, employing a consistent notation. Although the results presented apply in principle to all alternative quantization schemes, special emphasis is placed on the BRST quantization and its de Rham cohomology group which contribute to a deep understanding of constrained physical theories. The book describes how solitons and other models subject to constraints include rigorous treatments of the geometrical constraints which affect the predictions themselves. The book is intended for use by any graduate-level student with quantum field and relativity theories, and it also serves as a useful reference for those working in the field. An extensive bibliography guides the reader toward the source literature on particular topics.

The book explores the pivotal role of science and technology in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) outlined in the agenda 2030 for sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of integrating science and technology into developing strategies to promote a sustainable and prosperous global future. The book highlights the universal acceptance of the SDGs by United Nations member states, subnational governing bodies, and international organizations. It emphasizes that all stakeholders, including governmental bodies, private enterprises, and civil society, have a responsibility to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. Science, technology, and innovation are identified as the three pillars essential for achieving the SDGs.The book emphasizes the critical role of science and technology in addressing complex issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, resource depletion, poverty reduction, health, education, gender equality, clean energy, sustainable cities, responsible consumption, and climate action. It helps to develop innovative solutions to promote economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. And provide the necessary knowledge and tools to develop effective policies and strategies in these areas.Furthermore, the book highlights the potential of science and technology in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, leading to the creation of new businesses and industries that align with sustainable development principles. This fosters economic growth, job creation, and environmental sustainability. It advocates for continued investment in science and technology and their integration into development strategies. The book aims to provide insights into the role of traditional and emerging areas of science and technology in meeting the goals outlined in the SDG document, with a specific focus on India.The book serves as a great source of information for researchers, teachers in basic and applied sciences /social sciences research and policymakers.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the design, mechanisms, and performance of metakaolin-based geopolymers (MKG), with a focus on uncovering the underlying mechanisms that differentiate MKG from ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Covering a wide range of topics surrounding MKG, from the early stages of geopolymerization to the final mechanical performance of MKG concrete, this book provides fundamental insights into the performance of MKG-based materials and their relationship with the composition and microstructure of MKG. The findings presented in this book may serve as a guide for the design and application of MKG in civil engineering constructions. Targeted at scientists and engineers in materials science and civil engineering, this book is intended for those interested in adopting MKG as a sustainable technology for a greener future.

This book focuses on stability analysis and control design approaches for multi-agent systems under network-induced constraints. A hybrid system approach is introduced to address the cooperative control problem of networked multi-agent systems, and several important topics such as asynchronous sampled data cooperative control, hybrid event-triggered cooperative control, and reset-based cooperative control are studied under the hybrid system framework. The special feature of this book is that a hybrid systems approach is proposed for the cooperative control of multi-agent systems, which is beneficial for relaxing the conservativeness of stability analysis and network parameter computation. Interested readers can learn a novel approach to cooperative control of multi-agent systems, and this book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of multi-robot cooperation, unmanned aerial vehicle formation, control engineering, etc.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Conference and Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE 2021) organised by the Indian Society for Non-destructive Testing (ISNT). This book covers topics from wide domains from conventional to advanced NDE, including conventional and advanced NDE methods, drone-based inspections, thermal wave imaging, NDT data fusion, material characterization, waveguide sensors, inspections of civil structures, medical applications such as bone density and cancer diagnosis, periodic maintenance, life estimation, as well as structural integrity and related areas. This book serves as a useful reference for students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

This book comprehensively covers various aspects of biobased nanomaterials, including their types, fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and applications in different fields. The book starts with an introduction to biobased nanomaterials, highlighting their significance in various fields due to their unique properties. The first few chapters cover the different types of biobased nanomaterials, their properties, and how they are extracted from various natural sources. The methods of fabrication of biobased nanomaterials are discussed in detail, including the techniques for controlling their size, shape, and composition. It then delves into the characterization of biobased nanomaterials, discussing the different techniques used to determine their properties, including their morphology, size, structure, and composition. The subsequent chapters explore the various applications of biobased nanomaterials in different fields such as environmental applications, wound healing, tissue engineering, food industry, agriculture, sensing technology, biomedical applications, and energy storage devices. The advantages of biobased nanomaterials over traditional nanomaterials are highlighted, including their biodegradability and sustainability. The environmental concerns associated with biobased nanomaterials, as well as the health and safety concerns, are also discussed. The book concludes by looking at the prospects of biobased nanomaterials and how they can contribute to sustainable development. Overall, the book is an informative and comprehensive book that provides a thorough understanding of biobased nanomaterials and their various applications. It is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals in various fields such as materials science, chemistry, biology, and environmental science. alike.

This book explains the existence of the intermediate using two approaches: computational chemistry and coordination chemistry. In this book, the author has developed new methods for synthesizing medium-sized cycloalkenes by utilizing the 4¿-electrocyclic reaction of fused-cyclobutenes. The fundamental and most important strategy and feature of the work are as follows: first, cyclobutene is used as a readily available raw material with high-strain energy to generate more strained medium-sized cis,trans-cycloalkadiene molecules. Second, by judiciously selecting the reaction conditions, the short-lived intermediate (medium-sized cis,trans-cycloalkadiene) can be converted to medium-sized cis- or trans-cycloalkenes. For the former, the generation of the medium-sized cis,trans-cycloalkadiene intermediate is greatly affected by the substituent on the cyclobutene, and there are few examples of its generation confirmed at room temperature. Regarding the latter, the synthesis of trans-cycloalkenes is noteworthy in terms of establishing a new synthetic methodology and providing one of the few asymmetric synthesis methods, which has not been achieved before. Readers of this book can gain novel insights into strained molecules involved not only in small-sized cycloalkenes but also in medium-sized ones.

This book showcases research and project results on technology, smart learning, and sustainability education and analyzes smart learning solutions for lifelong learning. It discusses their impact and potential for transfer and scaling and reviews how real solutions perform in the real world. Sustainable societies are built on twenty-first-century skills. Attaining the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals requires a focus on a new set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, as well as novel and smart strategies that leverage state-of-the-art technologies and make these skillsets widely available in our societies to all groups of people, at any time in their lives, in professional as well as academic settings. This book serves as a helpful resource for researchers, academics, practitioners, and consultants from around the world who are involved in the study, management and development of educational technology, smart learning, sustainability education, and related issues.

We are delighted to present this compilation of insightful contributions from the Global Conference on Entrepreneurship and Economy in an Era of Uncertainty (EEEU23) hosted by the International Research Center for Higher Education and Business Cooperation in Poland. This book explores the ever-changing field of entrepreneurship in the digital economy, emphasizing the pivotal role of innovation in navigating through today's global disruptions, such as pandemics and regional instabilities that reverberate through economies.In a time where rapid innovation is the linchpin for sustained relevance, companies face the critical imperative of adapting swiftly to the changing tides. This collection sheds light on the reality that organizations, even those with a long-standing market presence and solid managerial frameworks, can only avoid obsolescence if they innovate at the pace demanded by contemporary circumstances. The cautionary tales of once-thriving entities like Eastman Kodak Company, Polaroid Corporation, Xerox, and others serve as poignant reminders of the imperative of agile innovation in today's business environment.The chapters presented within this book offer a thorough exploration of the profound influence of digital innovation on entrepreneurship, coupled with an examination of the pivotal role of strategic organizational management in the sustenance and prosperity of enterprises. As such, this book is an invaluable resource for researchers and professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of the application of innovation and disruptions in entrepreneurship and organizational management.The insights and disclosures encapsulated within these pages will catalyze meaningful dialogue and inspire innovative approaches to pursuing entrepreneurial success amidst a landscape characterized by uncertainty.

This book presents select proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (ICRAMERD 2023). The contents focus on latest research and current problems in various branches of mechanical engineering. Some of the topics discussed include fracture and failure analysis, fuels and alternative fuels, combustion and IC engines, advanced manufacturing technologies, powder metallurgy and rapid prototyping, industrial engineering and automation, vibrations and control engineering, automobile engineering, fluid mechanics and machines, heat transfer, composite materials, micro and nano-engineering for energy storage and conversion, and modeling and simulations. The book is useful for researchers and professionals in mechanical engineering.

This book examines how Shanghai aims to improve public service provision by accelerating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector. After clarifying the technical and social factors that shape the use of AI in this area, the book delves into the AI policy environment and AI ecosystem of Shanghai to gauge the city¿s capacity to implement public sector AI applications. Then it examines how this capacity translates into real-world policy initiatives through the investigation of case studies. It highlights the analytical, operational and political capabilities that determine the strengths and limitations of such initiatives in deploying AI in the public sector, and it assesses their impacts on public service provision in Shanghai. By using the findings on Shanghai to gain a deeper understanding of key topics in public sector AI research, this book also contributes new knowledge about the use of AI to improve the provision of public services.

¿Biomedical Application of 4-Hexylresorcinol¿ is a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on the biomedical effects of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR), a compound widely used as an antiseptic and food additive to prevent melanosis. Over the past two decades, the author has conducted extensive studies on 4HR, uncovering additional properties and applications that extend far beyond its traditional uses. This book aims to provide a thorough understanding of 4HR¿s numerous mechanisms and potential applications, with a focus on its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.The book, ¿Biomedical Application of 4-Hexylresorcinol,¿ is poised to fill this critical knowledge gap. It will captivate professionals in the realms of biomedical research, medicine, and pharmacology, as well as students pursuing these disciplines. What truly sets our book apart is its unique concentration on 4HR and the wide-ranging applications in biomedical research and clinical practice. As interest in alternative therapeutic approaches continues to grow, along with the increasing acknowledgment of the value of natural compounds, this book is perfectly positioned to become an indispensable resource for researchers, clinicians, and aspiring professionals alike.

This book gathers outstanding papers on numerical modeling in Mechanical Engineering (Volume 2) as part of the 2-volume proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Numerical Modeling in Engineering (NME 2021), which was held in Ghent, Belgium, on August 23-24, 2022. The overall objective of the conference was to bring together international scientists and engineers in academia and industry from fields related to advanced numerical techniques, such as the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), isogeometric analysis (IGA), and their applications to a wide range of engineering disciplines. This book addresses numerical simulations of various mechanical and materials engineering industrial applications such as aerospace applications, acoustic analysis, bio-mechanical applications, contact problems and wear, heat transfer analysis, vibration and dynamics, transient analysis, nonlinear analysis, composite materials, polymers, metal alloys, fracture mechanics, fatigue of materials, creep, mechanical behavior, micro-structure, phase transformation, and crystal plasticity. The book is intended for academics, including graduate students and researchers, as well as industrial practitioners working in the numerical modeling in mechanical engineering topics.

This advanced textbook provides an exhaustive review of topics of immense importance to the fundamental understanding of physics of materials at high pressures. The book presents the current status of experimental and theoretical techniques used to understand the behaviour of materials under high compression. Various topics covered in this book are high pressure studies of materials, equation of state of materials, phase transitions under high pressures, behaviour of hydrogen and hydrides under pressure, and hydrogen bond in solids under high pressure. This book is highly useful reference for the scientists working in the field of condensed matter in general and its behaviour under static and dynamic compression, in particular.

This book comprises select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 9th International and 49th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP 2022). This book brings together scientific ideas and engineering solutions put forth by researchers and practitioners from academia and industry in the important and ubiquitous field of fluid mechanics. The contents of this book focus on fundamental issues and perspective in fluid mechanics, measurement techniques in fluid mechanics, computational fluid and gas dynamics, instability, transition and turbulence, fluid-structure interaction, multiphase flows, microfluidics, bio-inspired fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, turbomachinery, propulsion and power and other miscellaneous topics in the broad domain of fluid mechanics. This book is a useful reference to researchers and professionals working in the broad field of mechanics.

This book explores the recent advancements in intelligent transportation sector. In today's rapidly evolving world, transportation plays a pivotal role in shaping our societies and economies. As the demands on our transportation systems continue to grow, there is an increasing need for innovative solutions to enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the intersection between transportation and cutting-edge technology. It offers a thorough examination of the various facets of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and advanced technologies applied to the transportation sector. It analyzes the latest trends, technologies, and developments that are shaping the future of transportation, including AI, IoT, and smart infrastructure. It provides practical insights, case studies, and real-world examples to help transportation professionals and researchers understand how advanced technology can be applied to address transportation challenges. It discusses the policy and regulatory considerations surrounding the implementation of advanced transportation technologies and explores the potential future developments and advancements in the field, including the impact of emerging technologies.

T¿his three-volume set constitues selected papers presented at the 18th International Conference on Computer Science and Education, ICCSE 2023, held in Sepang, Malaysia, in December 2023. The 106 full papers and 36 short papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 305 submissions. They focus on a wide range of computer science topics, especially AI, data science, and engineering, and technology-based education, by addressing frontier technical and business issues essential to the applications of data science in both higher education and advancing e-Society.