Bøger udgivet af Springer Vienna

This book presents, as a single package, three semingly contradictory and often competitive approaches to deal with ever present uncertainty in science and engineering. The book describes, as a unique view, probabilistic, fuzzy sets based and antioptimization based approaches, in order to remedy the present "e;tower ob Babel"e; situation, in which researchers in competing fields do not communicate. Integrative approach will attract scientists and engineers alike and provide a strong impetus towards integrative, hybrid approaches.

Advances: M. Coleman and J.D. Pickard: Detecting residual cognitive function in disorders of consciousness. N. Torres, S. Chabardes, and A.L. Benabid: Rationale for hypothalamus-deep brain stimulation in food intake disorders and obesity. A.J. Oliveira-Maia, C.D. Roberts, S.A. Simon, M.A.L. Nicolelis: Gustatory and reward brain circuits in the control of food intake. M. Guenot, J. Isnard, H. Catenoix, F. Mauguiere, M. Sindou: SEEG-guided RF-thermocoagulation of epileptic foci: A therapeutic alternative for drug-resistant non-operable partial epilepsies. B. Madea, N. Noeker, I. Franke: Child abuse - some aspects for neurosurgeons. Technical Standards: B. Ratilal, C. Sampaio: Prophylactic antibiotics and anticonvulsants in neurosurgery. P. Francois, E. Lescanne, S. Velut: The dural sheath of the optic nerve: descriptive anatomy and surgical applications. C. Raftopoulos,G. Vaz: Surgical indications and techniques for failed coiled aneurysms

The book deals with modern methods of nonlinear stability theory applied to problems of continuous media mechanics in the presence of interfaces, with applications to materials science, chemical engineering, heat transfer technologies, as well as in combustion and other reaction-diffusion systems. Interfaces play a dominant role at small scales, and their correct modeling is therefore also crucial in the rapidly expanding fields of microfluidics and nanotechnologies. To this aim, the book combines contributions of eminent specialists in the field, with a special emphasis on rigorous and predictive approaches. Other goals of this volume are to allow the reader to identify key problems of high scientific value, and to see the similarity between a variety of seemingly different physical problems.

"e;Advances in Down Syndrome Research"e; represents updated research in several areas of Down Syndrome (DS). A new promising animal model of DS is reported and this opens new opportunities to study pathomechanisms and pharmacological approaches as it is more than difficult to carry out studies in humans and the clinical features are highly variable. In terms of biology, cell cycle and stem cell studies and in terms of biochemistry, relevance of studies on a specific protein kinase, channels, transporters, superoxide dismutase, antioxidant system, chromosome assembly factor and other important biological structures are provided. And again, the gene dosage hypothesis is addressed and although the vast majority of chromosome 21 gene products is unchanged in fetal DS brain, a few specific chromosome 21 encoded structures including transcription factors are indeed overexpressed although findings in fetal DS are different from those in adult DS brain when Alzheimer-like neuropathology supervenes.

14 contributions present mathematical models for different imaging techniques in medicine and nondestructive testing. The underlying mathematical models are presented in a way that also newcomers in the field have a chance to understand the relation between the special applications and the mathematics needed for successfully treating these problems. The reader gets an insight into a modern field of scientific computing with applications formerly not presented in such form, leading from the basics to actual research activities.

Endoscopic microsurgery is a developing technique in plastic surgery. There are many advantages over traditional methods: improved access to difficult and hidden areas, better mobility, one optical instrument for endoscopic dissection and the microsurgical part, reduced overall costs, and a possibility to develop new procedures supported by the use of the endoscope. In the first volume of the series "e;Update in Plastic Surgery"e; internationally acknowledged experts give an up-to-date view of the clinical possibilities in plastic surgery which result from video-assisted microsurgery with the endoscope. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and reasons are presented why it can be assumed that this technique will be the standard in plastic surgery within a few years.

In this period of obvious natural emergence of viral and other diseases, it is unclear as to what diseases are emerging, why they are emerging, and what, if anything, can be done to prevent or diminish their impact. This book, a compendium of presentations made at an international meeting of experts, provides summaries of areas of concern and details as to how disease agents such as Nipah and Hendra viruses in Australasia and West Nile virus in the Americas might have suddenly appeared. Either by alterations in natural habitats and diversity or by chance, pathogens emerge from time to time. This book addresses various aspects of such emergences, such as pathogenetic mechanisms of viruses, diagnosis of viral infections, viral host-management strategies, viral genetics, vaccine development and application. It is especially valuable for laboratory virologists, disease ecologists, physicians, and those who want to understand the complexities of viral characteristics.

Selten hatte eine Krankheit soviel Mutlosigkeit hervorgerufen wie die Spondylarthritis - kylosans: bei den Betroffenen, weil viele einem unausweichlich scheinenden Schicksal e- gegengingen, das zwar unterschiedliche Facetten aufwies, aber zumeist unangenehme und in ihrem Ausma nicht vorhersagbare; und bei den Arzten durch das bisherige Bewusstsein einer therapeutischen Ohnmacht (zugleich dadurch verknupft mit diagnostischer Ab- stumpftheit, die zu mehrjahriger Verzogerung in der Krankheitserkennung fuhrte). Eine junge"e; Krankheit, die - man mag es angesichts der vielfaltigen historischen S- lettfunde mit Zeichen der Erkrankung und dem vermutlich ersten Bericht aus 1691 gar nicht glauben - erst nach einer Veroffentlichung des Petersburger Arztes Vladimir Bechterew aus dem Jahre 1893 in medizinischen Kreisen zur Kenntnis genommen und nach ihm benannt wurde. Ursache: unbekannt; Pradisposition: eine der hochsten genetischen Assoziationen in der Medizin - und doch enigmatisch; Pathogenese: ein wenig Licht im Dunkel; Diagnose: viel Dunkel im Lichte fruhdiagnostischer Bestrebungen; Verlauf: wie gesagt - (bisher) schicksalhaft"e;; Therapie: ja wieso ging denn bis vor kurzem so wenig? Bisher schicksalhaft, bisher so wenig, bisher so dunkel. Bisher therapeutische O- macht. Bisher.

This is a sequel to the book ¿Programming the Boundary Element Method¿ by G. Beer published by Wiley in 2001. The scope of this book is different however and this is reflected in the title. Whereas the previous book concentrated on explaining the implementation of a limited range of problems into computer code and the emphasis was on programming, in the current book the problems covered are extended, the emphasis is on explaining the theory and computer code is not presented for all topics. The new topics covered range from dynamics to piezo-electricity. However, the main idea, to provide an explanation of the Boundary Element Method (BEM), that is easy for engineers and scientists to follow, is retained. This is achieved by explaining some aspects of the method in an engineering rather than mathematical way. Another new feature of the book is that it deals with the implementation of the method on parallel processing hardware. I. M. Smith, who has been involved in programming the finite element method for decades, illustrates that the BEM is ¿embarrassingly parallelisable¿. It is shown that the conversion of the BEM programs to run efficiently on parallel processing hardware is not too difficult and the results are very impressive, such as solving a 20 000 element problem during a ¿coffee break¿.

Nonstandard Analysis enhances mathematical reasoning by introducing new ways of expression and deduction. Distinguishing between standard and nonstandard mathematical objects, its inventor, the eminent mathematician Abraham Robinson, settled in 1961 the centuries-old problem of how to use infinitesimals correctly in analysis. Having also worked as an engineer, he saw not only that his method greatly simplified mathematically proving and teaching, but also served as a powerful tool in modelling, analyzing and solving problems in the applied sciences, among others by effective rescaling and by infinitesimal discretizations.This book reflects the progress made in the forty years since the appearance of Robinson¿s revolutionary book Nonstandard Analysis: in the foundations of mathematics and logic, number theory, statistics and probability, in ordinary, partial and stochastic differential equations and in education. The contributions are clear and essentially self-contained.