Bøger udgivet af Springer

This volume presents the proceedings of the Joint International Conference of the 13th IFToMM International Symposium on Science of Mechanisms and Machines (SYROM) & the XXV International Conference on Robotics (ROBOTICS), held in Iasi, Romania, on November 17-18, 2022. It brought together researchers, scientists and industry experts involved in the area of mechanisms, mechanical transmissions, robotics and mechatronics, to disseminate their latest research results and exchange views on the future research directions of these fields. The book presents original high-quality contributions on topics such as theoretical and computational kinematics, mechanism design, experimental mechanics, dynamics of machinery and multi-body systems, mechanisms for biomechanics, mechanical transmissions, linkages and mechanical controls, micromechanisms, serial and parallel robots, mobile and collaborative robots, micro and nano robots, sensors and actuators, medical robots, haptics, and virtual reality.

Graphical depictions of abstract concepts have played a major role in the formulation and communication of ideas since prehistoric times. The invention of photography in the nineteenth century and more recent advances in visualization techniques have catalyzed an enormous wealth of insights into every field of science and engineering by extending our senses far beyond our natural sensorial capabilities. The field of porous media has also benefited enormously from these developments in visualization techniques. Indeed, improvements in these techniques have led to the better morphological characterization of porous media and an enhanced understanding of the assorted physical processes, such as mass transport, capillarity, swelling, and fracturing, that can occur at the pore level. These observations, in turn, have led to superior usage practices for existing porous materials and the design of new products with porous media. Therefore, this bilingual English-Spanish album is aimed at providing a collection of state‐of‐the‐art visualizations of the diverse aspects of porous media that will serve as a reference in education and research. To cover all these aspects properly, the album is organized into seven thematic parts. Each part includes a collection of chapters with images accompanied by a brief English-Spanish description of the novelty of the observation, the visualization technique used, and the phenomenological insights gained. Las representaciones gráficas de conceptos abstractos han jugado un papel importante en la formulación y comunicación de ideas desde tiempos prehistóricos. La invención de la fotografía en el siglo XIX y los avances más recientes en las técnicas de visualización han catalizado una enorme riqueza de conocimientos en todos los campos de la ciencia y la ingeniería al extender nuestros sentidos mucho más allá de nuestras capacidades sensoriales naturales. El campo de los medios porosos también se ha beneficiado enormemente de estos avances en las técnicas de visualización. De hecho, las mejoras en estas técnicas han llevado a una mejor caracterización morfológica de los medios porosos y una mejor comprensión de los diversos procesos físicos, como el transporte de masa, la capilaridad, la hinchazón y la fractura, que pueden ocurrir a nivel de poro. Estas observaciones, a su vez, han llevado a mejores prácticas de uso para los materiales porosos existentes y al diseño de nuevos productos con medios porosos. Por lo tanto, este álbum bilingüe inglés y español tiene como objetivo proporcionar una colección de visualizaciones del estado del arte de los diversos aspectos de los medios porosos que servirán como referencia en la educación y la investigación. Para cubrir adecuadamente todos estos aspectos, el álbum está organizado en siete partes temáticas. Cada parte incluye una colección de capítulos con imágenes acompañadas de una breve descripción en inglés y español de la originalidad de la observación, la técnica de visualización utilizada y los conocimientos fenomenológicos obtenidos.

This book provides an overview of the tropical marine environments of Brazil and a multi-disciplinary assessment of the impact of ongoing climate change in these environments. These changes will affect physical, biological and biogeochemical characteristics of coastal zones and oceans, modifying their ecological structure, their functions and the various services provided to humans and have the potential of causing severe socioeconomic impacts in local (coastal zone), regional (continental shelf and shallow seas) and global (ocean) scales. The Tropical Brazil presents a unique opportunity to evaluate how spatial and temporal heterogeneity influences the response and resilience of marine environments to climate changes. This region comprises the main reef constructions of the Western South Atlantic Ocean, the majority of the Brazilian deltas, one of the longest mangrove areas of the world, a very narrow and shallow continental shelf, extreme variations in sediment and nutrient flows, as well as undeniable importance in transferring heat and mass between hemispheres.

This book describes the fauna of the Pernambuco Endemism Center in Brazil's Northern Atlantic Forest, an understudied global biodiversity hotspot. Through fifteen curated chapters, it provides the latest information about the fauna of the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest, gathering important information about the faunal composition of the region for the first time. The chapters address animal biodiversity including terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and invertebrates (ants, butterflies, dung beetles, hervestmen, spiders, and termites). All chapters provide species lists, taxonomic aspects and richness analysis. Conservation of specific animal groups is also discussed. Finally, the book discusses human impacts on the forest and its biodiversity, emphasizing the need for conservation of this highly impacted ecosystem.

The main practical breakthrough of this century is nanobiotechnology, an amalgamation of biology and nanotechnology based on the standards and methods of metabolism. The field mainly involves the analysis, synthesis and the links between molecular biology, nutritional science and nanotechnology. In addition, the field involves the links between other life sciences branches, since the improvement of nanotechnology strategies might be directed by considering the structure and the capability of nanoparticles present in the living cells. This book is a comprehensive evaluation of the latest nanobiotechnological developments, with an emphasis on applications, especially in aquaculture. It outlines, in-depth, modern techniques, and includes a variety of important sources that make this the perfect resource for researchers in this captivating world of nanobiotechnology.

This book highlights stories of the most important 13 ground-based observatories and 14 space probes in human history, leading readers through each significant step of human's astronomical observation journey. From the earliest Hooker Telescope and the Mount Wilson Observatory, to the latest FAST, JWST and DAMPE, the targets of observation range from large systems such as the solar system, the milky way, and the universe, to individual planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and the remote stars, and to the matters that reveal the origin of the universe, such as dark matter and cosmic background radiation. The book presents the mysteries of the sky in an easily readable manner suitable for audiences of all ages who are curious about the universe and thirsty to know all the important discoveries in the past century, especially the last decade. With carefully-selected contents, the book weaves together a series of tales to make the convoluted history of astronomical observation full offun and excitement, ensuring that readers never lose interest during reading.

This volume comprises the select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Communication (ICAIRC 2023). The content focuses on big data and cloud computing and the application of artificial intelligence, robotics and engineering, the Internet of Things, and sensor technology. Some of the topics covered include robot control, perception systems, dexterous manipulation, robot sensing, and data fusion, technology architecture of IoT, information analysis and processing of IoT, dynamic resource supply and consumption, IoT chips and sensors, industrial IoT, and Big Data, the architecture of Big Data, security and privacy of Big Data, management and operation of cloud computing, etc. This volume will be of interest to those working in academia and industry in the fields of computation, communication, and engineering.

This book introduces phenomenology to reveal how the atmosphere and relationships in the workplace are generated and how this affects creativity. In their daily work, people sometimes feel that "today's meeting was more exciting than expected" or that "everyone's motivation is down". This unspoken workplace atmosphere has a significant impact on their work. But has enough thought been given to how this workplace atmosphere is created? Phenomenology reveals the basic structure of human relationships in the workplace. Are there any general rules that govern human interaction and the nature of relationships in that workplace? If these unspoken rules can be made explicit - clearly felt and spoken -- people can work together to bring about a creative workplace in which individuals can maximize their abilities. The main point of the book is that human relationships are based on a two-layered structure: "emotional communication", which is rooted in human sensitivity and centers on sensation and emotion; and "verbal communication", which is based on shared intelligence and relies upon language and thought. The invisible layer of emotional communication is always at work as the foundation of verbal communication, creating what can be described as the "workplace atmosphere". This book offers a new perspective on promoting creativity in the workplace by unraveling the principles behind the structure of workplace atmospheres.

This textbook demonstrates how economic theories can be used for environmental policy evaluations. A notable feature of this book is that, unlike most textbooks in environmental economics written in English, it draws on examples from Japan's policy on energy, resource, pollution, and carbon emissions. Policy measures discussed in this book include controls on motor vehicle emissions, pricing of waste disposal,  deposit-refund scheme for recycling, carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes. With topics involving transboundary environmental concerns such as climate change, air pollution, and waste management and recycling, the book also integrates international perspectives and provides comparisons of policies across regions and countries. A major objective of this book is to present a concise and accessible introduction to environmental economics as applied to policy evaluations in and beyond Japan. The knowledge available from this book must be very useful for students, policymakers and practitioners who seek environmental policy solutions from an economic point of view.This is an open access book.

The book focuses on some of the most pressing issues in international investment law in Asia, such as the role of developing countries, the rebalancing between the investors' rights protection and the host states' right to regulate, the ISDS reform, among others. The book investigates these issues by looking into the bilateral investment treaties and investment arbitration cases in the region. The readers will benefit from this book's rich content and wide coverage. For instance, the readers would learn more about Asian states' Bilateral Investment Treaty law and practice and their standing on international investment law. The book provides a fresh angle to most readers who may be more exposed to the Western perspective on the topic, providing a more complete picture to add to the readers' understanding of international investment law and in particular its evolution and future possibilities.

The book provides the latest research results on measuring Credit Rating Migration by mathematical methods. It brings about most popular mathematical models, methods and applications on this area, especially presents the latest development on structure models. It is systematically collects the models, methods and results in this area. The book first introduced the financial background and preliminary mathematical theory. Then two mainstream mathematical models for measuring default risks, the reduced form model and structure model, are presented. The structure model for measuring credit rating migration risks is the main part of the book and authors prove the existence, uniqueness, regularities, asymptotic behavior, traveling wave and other properties of the solutions of the model. The structural credit rating migration model is also extended to more general case, such as stochastic interest rate, multiple ratings, region switch and so on. Some credit derivatives, and numerical analysis, parameter calibration and estimate of the migration boundary of the models are given in the last two chapters. The book focuses on theoretical financial investigators, especially financial mathematical researchers and students. The book is involved various mathematical models, such as PDE, numerical simulation etc., some of them are interesting mathematical problems, so that, and a good reference book to study mathematical modeling in credit rating migration. It might also be used as a textbook for students in financial credit risks.

This book presents research studies investigating innovative curriculum design, effective teaching pedagogies, skilling and assessment of relevant competencies, and innovative and learning-associated technology. The book is categorized into three sections: (I) innovative and digital learning environments; (II) assessment and development of future professional competencies; and (III) innovative curriculum design and teaching pedagogies. It serves as a useful resource for academic instruction in higher education. Employers, administrators, practitioners, postgraduate students, and postsecondary students in general will also find it informative.

This book discusses the importance of plants in terms of their natural bioactive products and medicinal, nutraceutical and health benefits. Plants are natural sources of many pharmaceutical compounds used in traditional and modern medicine, and their mass production and efficient use is imperative in view of the new emerging diseases. This book covers breakthroughs in the research of plant natural products by focusing on how different state-of-the-art biotechnologies facilitate their discovery, the molecular basis of their biosynthesis, as well as synthetic biology. Research on plant's natural products in the pre-genomic era was focused on discovering bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical activities, and identifying individual genes responsible for biosynthesis. In the post-genomics era, however, integration of inter-disciplinary approaches and detailed analysis of all accessible data from multi-informatics is necessary. This would accelerate the full characterization of biosynthetic and regulatory circuit for producing plant natural products.This book is an important reference book for the researchers working in the field of plant natural products and pharmaceutical industries at global level.

This book provides a comprehensive account of one significantly underreported aspect of violence affecting young refugee girls today, that of forced child marriage. It examines the ongoing, insidious practice via the lens of international human rights laws and contextualising human rights laws and discourses in relation to Middle Eastern, Islamic, and Jordanian understandings of international law and human rights, where the practice in directly impacting young Syrian refugee girls who are seeking refuge in Jordan with their displaced families. The book finds that in a juxtaposition of human rights definitions and obligations, between the traditional and modern, the religious and the secular, there are mixed implications for the realisation of universal human rights and that this has consequences for the most vulnerable--child refugees. As a result, Syrian children exist in a precarious situation. They are living in a foreign state with an unclear legal status, are largely unidentified, and, in effect, stateless. It is in this liminal space that Syrian children are vulnerable and voiceless and highly exposed to forced marriages and the resultant violence and possibly death. While allowed to continue, the practice of child marriage not only severely impedes upon progressive international human rights efforts to eliminate gender-based violence, slavery, and discrimination, but significantly impacts on children's physical, mental and emotional health, and their opportunities for growth and development in society. As a case study this book seeks to inform how vulnerable Syrian children have come to be increasingly confronted by child marriage and to consider why it occurred and continues to occur, even though the idea of children being forcibly marriage is considered ethically and legally objectionable within international human rights law.

This book collects selected, peer-reviewed research presented at the 8th International Conference on Mathematics: Pure, Applied, and Computation, held in Lombok, Indonesia, on 30 September 2023. Organised into three parts--Part I: Control Systems, Mathematical Simulation and Modeling; Part II: Formal Methods and Data Science; Part III: Graph Theory and Analysis--the book contains 29 peer-reviewed chapters. Ranging from theoretical to applied results, the book addresses the mathematical models for several phenomena such as investment behavior, unmanned surface vehicles and electronic medical records. It also highlights the progress in the use of satisfiability methods and tools to solve puzzle and pencil games. It showcases how mathematics is used to solve real-world problems.

The book describes the technique of electrochemical exfoliation, which possesses remarkable ability to bring about transformation. Among various known synthesis methods, the electrochemical exfoliation approach eliminates the use of harsh chemicals and energy-intensive methods commonly linked to the synthesis of graphene. Electrochemical exfoliation utilizes electrical energy to gently remove layers of graphene from its original source, providing a more environmentally friendly method. This precise and careful synchronization heralds a new era in the field of materials science, where the principles of sustainability converge with unmatched performance. Moreover, the benefits extend beyond environmental excellence. This book also examines the complexities of electrochemical exfoliation, highlighting its clear advantage over traditional techniques. The approach demonstrates process in manipulating the structure and properties of graphene, allowing for the customization of specific capabilities to suit a wide range of applications.

This book gathers selected research papers presented at the Fifth International Conference on Communication and Intelligent Systems (ICCIS 2023), organized by Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India, during December 16-17, 2023. This book presents a collection of state-of-the-art research work involving cutting-edge technologies for communication and intelligent systems. Over the past few years, advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have sparked new research efforts around the globe, which explore novel ways of developing intelligent systems and smart communication technologies. The book presents single- and multi-disciplinary research on these themes to make the latest results available in a single, readily accessible source. The work is presented in three volumes.

The aim of this book is to provide readers with a better understanding of the experimental methods and computational modeling techniques employed in the characterizations of diverse hybrid composite materials. It covers the mechanisms, important aspects, characteristics, formulations, significant elements, and case studies of the hybrid composite materials used in a wide range of applications. To inspire researchers, the most recent studies in the field as well as potential directions for more study are also emphasized.

This book gathers selected research papers presented at the Fifth International Conference on Communication and Intelligent Systems (ICCIS 2023), organized by Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India, during December 16-17, 2023. This book presents a collection of state-of-the-art research work involving cutting-edge technologies for communication and intelligent systems. Over the past few years, advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have sparked new research efforts around the globe, which explore novel ways of developing intelligent systems and smart communication technologies. The book presents single- and multi-disciplinary research on these themes to make the latest results available in a single, readily accessible source. The work is presented in three volumes.

This book highlights the fundamentals and recent advances for developing novel polymer composites for various applications, including 3D printing, automotive, textiles, agriculture, nanogenerators, energy storage and biomedical engineering. It presents various facile processing techniques to prepare polymeric composites with attractive properties like mechanical strength, flexibility, thermal & electrical performances for end used applications from bench to field. This in-sight of properties, performances and utility will lead to technological applications of polymer composites. It provides a platform for evolving and expanding technological solutions for challenges in the contemporary world, and presents a concrete path for advancement in this domain of polymer composite for professionals, researchers, material scientists, and students.

This book focuses on the importance of an ontological dimension for today's higher education, with critical attention to implications for the student experience, engagement, satisfaction, wellbeing, employability, (dis)embodiment and activism in which students take a stand on their own being and becoming. In accessible language, key philosophical ideas are explored for their relevance to contemporary higher education, integrating philosophical with pedagogical perspectives. Although much of the material has been published previously, there is value in bringing it together into a single volume in exploring an ontological dimension of higher education as it is embodied. In doing so, the book demonstrates benefits to pedagogy through sustained attention to philosophy and theory, and vice versa, thereby contributing to recent heightened interest in the philosophy and theory of higher education. This book is intended to prompt re-imagining the ways in which higher education is conceived and conducted. An argument is put forward for greater emphasis on expanding possibilities for knowing, acting and being, toward fuller lives of interdependence with others and things in an interconnected world. Through highlighting an ontological dimension in this manner, a hope-filled future emerges for higher education.

This book gathers selected research papers presented at the Fifth International Conference on Communication and Intelligent Systems (ICCIS 2023), organized by Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India, during December 16-17, 2023. This book presents a collection of state-of-the-art research work involving cutting-edge technologies for communication and intelligent systems. Over the past few years, advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have sparked new research efforts around the globe, which explore novel ways of developing intelligent systems and smart communication technologies. The book presents single- and multi-disciplinary research on these themes to make the latest results available in a single, readily accessible source. The work is presented in three volumes.

The book aims to clarify from a demographic and geographical perspective how population trends of the Tohoku Region were changed as a result of the GEJED. The author shows how different the 2011 GEJED was from past disasters in this region with regard to the impacts on population change in the Tohoku Region. He explains how the recent disaster is different from past disasters, based on the theories of the first and second demographic transitions. He also clarifies the causality between the extent of housing damage and mortality through geographical analysis. Furthermore, this book shows how migration patterns were changed before and after the GEJED, and it identifies the differences between the areas affected by the tsunami and by the nuclear power plant accident.Investigating the GEJED as a case study, the book presents a method to analyze the relationship between natural disasters and population change. This book is especially useful for researchers inthe fields of disaster, environment, and population to better understand the relationship between the environment and population.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nanotechnology as an alternative strategy for addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Examining nanotechnology-based methods such as nanoencapsulation, drug delivery, and conjugation, the text highlights their successful application in treating microbial infections with reduced resistance and off-target toxicity. The introductory section outlines AMR and explores diverse mechanisms of microbial resistance, emphasizing the potential of nanotechnology to surmount these challenges. Subsequent chapters investigate the role of specific nanomaterials-metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, functionalized quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, bimetallic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, carbon nanomaterials, and polymer-based nanomaterials-in overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Several chapters focus on the efficacy of nanoemulsions as an antimicrobial delivery method, underscoring their inherent antimicrobial properties, capacity to enhance drug solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeting potential at the organ and cellular levels. The concluding section provides a detailed review of liposomes, dendrimers-based nanoparticles, and micelles as drug delivery vehicles in the context of combating pathogens resistant to antimicrobials.

This book constitutes thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the International Applied Soft Computing and Communication Networks (ACN 2023) held at PES University, Bangalore, India, during December 18-20, 2023. The research papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from several initial submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on security and privacy, network management and software-defined networks, Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems, intelligent distributed systems, mobile computing and vehicle communications, and emerging topics. The book is directed to the researchers and scientists engaged in various fields of intelligent systems.

This book reviews the relationship between cytokines, glia, and neurons in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and examines the mechanisms of action of the drugs used for the treatment of these disorders. Increasing evidence has suggested that glia perform important roles in various brain functions, but much remains to be learned about these crucial cells and their interplay with neurons. In addition, a better understanding of the interaction between inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, and the activated immune response will be of critical importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies. These key areas are the focus of this book, which documents the latest research findings in the field. Evidence is provided for the role of inflammation-induced toxic metabolites from the tryptophan pathway in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. In presenting state of the art knowledge on the interactions between cytokines, glia, and neurons, the book will help to pave the way for the development of novel targets for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Dieses Lehrbuch aus der Reihe "Was ist eigentlich ...?" gibt einen kurzen Überblick über das Fach "Biologische Psychologie". Es möchte Psychologiestudierenden am Beginn des Studiums Orientierung bieten bei der Frage, was wichtig ist und worauf es in dem Fach wirklich ankommt. Es bietet aber auch für alle anderen an psychologischen Themen Interessierten einen ersten, gut verständlichen Einblick in Konzepte, Inhalte und Methoden des Fachs: Es zeigt auf, worum es es bei der Biopsychologie im Kern geht. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden prominente Fragestellungen der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart anschaulich behandelt, die uns auch künftig beschäftigen werden.

Das vorliegende "Handbuch Geschosse" ist die 2. Auflage des letzten im Verlag Stocker-Schmid, Dietikon, Schweiz, 2013 erschienenen Buches "Geschosse Gesamtausgabe" . Dieses war bereits nach kurzer Zeit vergriffen. Auf Grund vieler Anfragen nach einer Neuauflage, fand sich nun im Springer Verlag ein neuer Herausgeber. Die Untertitel - Ballistik - Treffsicherheit - Wirksamkeit - Messtechnik verdeutlichen das Ziel des Buches: Es geht nicht um eine katalogähnliche Beschreibung von Geschossen, sondern um Hintergrundwissen zu deren ballistischem Verhalten, zu den Kerngedanken ihrer Konstruktionen, zu den Einflüssen auf das Treffen, zu den Grundlagen ihrer Wirksamkeit und zu den Problemen der ballistischen Messtechnik. Der Inhalt bleibt damit allgemeingültig und betrifft alle Geschosse, alte und neue. Der Autor Dr. sc. forens. Beat P. Kneubuehl, Diplom-Mathematiker, arbeitete 33 Jahre lang als Leiter der wissenschaftlichen Stabsstelle Ballistik im Erprobungszentrum Ballistik, Waffen und Munition des Schweizer Verteidigungsministeriums. Er entwickelte nicht nur die maßgebenden ballistischen Computerprogramme, sondern war auch sehr oft in leitenden Funktionen bei Versuchen aller Kaliber auf den Schießplätzen anwesend. In verschiedenen Gremien der europäischen Normenorganisation (CEN) und der NATO widmete er sich den Problemen des ballistischen Schutzes und der Wirkung von Geschossen. Nach der Promotion zum Doktor der Forensischen Wissenschaften wurde die kriminalistische Ballistik zu einem weiteren Schwerpunkt seiner Tätigkeit. Von ihm sind im Springer-Verlag bereits die Standardwerke "Wundballistik, Grundlagen und Anwendungen" und "Ballistik" erschienen.

Reto M. Hilty hat im europäischen, deutschen und schweizerischen Immaterialgüterrecht tiefe Spuren hinterlassen. Aus Anlass seiner Emeritierung als Direktor des Max-Planck-Instituts für Innovation und Wettbewerb und als Professor ad personam an der Universität Zürich würdigen seine Freunde, Kollegen und Schüler sein Wirken mit dieser Festschrift. Die Bandbreite der Themen und die Vielfalt der Autoren spiegeln die Vielschichtigkeit der Tätigkeiten des Jubilars. Die Festschrift enthält Beiträge zu Grundsatzfragen des IP-Rechts, zum Patent-, Urheber-, Design- und Markenrecht, zum Schutz von Geschäftsgeheimnissen, zum Recht der geographischen Herkunftsangaben sowie zum Kartell- und Lauterkeitsrecht. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung, insb. auf dem Umgang des IP-Rechts mit Daten und Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI).Reto M. Hilty has left a deep mark on European, German and Swiss intellectual property law. On the occasion of his retirement as Directorof the Max-Planck-Institute for Innovation and Competition and as Professor ad personam at the University of Zurich, his friends and colleagues pay tribute to his work with this Festschrift. The range of topics and the variety of authors reflect the impressive spectrum of Reto's activities. The Festschrift contains contributions on fundamental questions of IP law, on patent, copyright, design and trademark law, on the protection of trade secrets, on the law of geographical indications as well as on antitrust and unfair competition law. One focus is on the challenges of digitalisation, in particular on how IP law deals with data and artificial intelligence (AI).