Bøger udgivet af WEDC

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. This report presents the case study from Kibera, Kenya.

These guidelines are the result of two years collaborative research undertaken by WEDC with partners in Africa and South Asia. They demonstrate how water supply and sanitation projects in rural and peri-urban areas can be designed to meet user demand. The aim is to improve the use and sustainability of the services provided. The guidelines consist of three books: Book 1: Concept, Principles and Practice Book 2: Additional Notes for Policy Makers and Planners Book 3: Ensuring the Participation of the Poor.

The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

Operation and Maintenance is aimed primarily at urban engineers and planners. It presents different strategies for managing O&M and considers how these can be applied to produce detailed plans for improved operation and maintenance at the neighbourhood, Ward and Municipal levels.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. These reports present the interim findings of an analysis of both the pre-contract and operational phases of a number of PPP contracts. Part A presents a summary and lesson learned. Details of the operational case studies are given in Part B. A broad view of PPPs has been taken and situations where the public sector is in partnership either with formal private sector companies, or with small scale local entrepreneurs, or with NGOs employed in a private sector capacity have been included.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. These reports present the interim findings of an analysis of both the pre-contract and operational phases of a number of PPP contracts. Part A presents a summary and lesson learned. Details of the operational case studies are given in Part B. A broad view of PPPs has been taken and situations where the public sector is in partnership either with formal private sector companies, or with small scale local entrepreneurs, or with NGOs employed in a private sector capacity have been included.

This book presents an investigation by research into the ways in which distance learning is affected by the physical design of printed study materials. In particular, it examines the use of engineering drawing systems for illustrated, instructional texts concerned with technical aspects of infrastructure development. Part I comprises a review of literature on learning and adult education; international development and distance learning; information design for self-instruction; and research into illustration, with particular reference to the visual perception of engineering drawings and the implications for their cross-cultural use. Part II presents questions and hypotheses which emerged from the literature review. It also presents the research methodology designed to test comprehension of engineering drawing systems, along with the results of tests undertaken by five adult learning groups selected from pre-degree, undergraduate and postgraduate populations. Part II concludes with an analysis and discussion of the results of these tests. Part III presents the conclusions drawn from both the literature review and from the analysis of the research results.It concludes with proposals for further study.

This book brings together the findings of a case study from Karachi, Pakistan. The aim of the project was to identify problems and possibilities in transport provision for poor urban settlements. The book takes the reader through the history of transport and the present situation in the city. A thorough analysis is then used to draw a set of recommendations. The report is clearly set out, illustrated and provides plenty of numerical data to support the evidence.

Working with Partners is aimed primarily at policymakers but is also of direct relevance to urban engineers and planners. It reviews the roles of different stakeholders in service provision, including government, civil society and external agencies. A number of common constraints are identified and possible ways of addressing them are outlined.

From Action Plans to Implementation is aimed primarily at urban engineers. It provides guidance on taking local action plans forward to the stage of implementing service improvements at the field level, including administrative procedures for technical and financial approval and the different options for procurement and contracting.

This report is based on information collected by engineers during a training programme in India. It gives a unique insight into actual day-to-day operations in one of India's largest cities, and demonstrates how this data can be analysed. Subjects include the administrative and legal background, the operations of the street sweepers, attitudes of slum dwellers, operation of data on vehicle operations, and the status of recycling and disposal operations.

This study provides a number of indicators for use in assessing solid waste collection schemes. The approach integrates the perspectives of the different parties involved from the users to the contractors, the municipality to the NGO. It draws from a detailed case study of Khulna city in Bangladesh. The study provides useful material for those working in this area of civil engineering.

This document presents the findings from Project R6857 Performance Monitoring of Infrastructure Procurement for Urban Low Income Communities carried out by the authors as part of the Knowledge and Research Programme, Infrastructure and Urban Development Department, Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of this project is to develop a framework and tools for the appraisal, monitoring and evaluation of micro-contracts for the procurement of local infrastructure in urban low-income communities. In addition to the standard measures of time, cost and quality, the work also attempts to capture some of the crucial wider socio-economic impacts of community-based works. The findings in this booklet will be of use to donor/lending agencies, government officials, and non-government organizations (NGOs) involved in improving services for the urban poor.

This book presents the preliminary findings of the case studies completed to date (in Pakistan, Sri Lanka and India). The report provides an assessment of the operation and maintenance status within the communities illustrated in the studies and has sought to highlight the success and failure of the different approaches. The report goes on to review both consumer (urban poor) perceptions and municipal performance of community based processes. Finally, general conclusions or lessons have been drawn out that will be useful when thinking about operation and maintenance in the planning and implementation of future projects.

Action Planning Guidelines: Parts 3a, 3b and 3c is aimed primarily at senior local programme managers, including urban engineers and planners. It proposes a framework for action planning to develop local neighbourhood plans and area service plans for networked infrastructure which focuses on the importance of linking these together through a process of consensus building.

This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption.

For centuries, Small Water Enterprises (SWEs) have supplied a large share of the water market in the urban centres of most low-income countries. Such SWEs have proved themselves economically viable, and often operate in competitive conditions. They extend water services to informal settlements that have little prospect of being supplied with piped water from the local utility. Unfortunately, they attract comparatively little investment, and even less support from governments. The incremental but critically important improvements they can provide tend to be overlooked by governments and international agencies. This book is one of a series of outputs from a project designed to identify and test out ways of improving the water services delivered to the urban poor through SWEs. Along with the other books in the series listed below, it will prove an invaluable resource for water utility managers and policymakers.

This book is one of a series of six publications that consider how water utilities working with other key stakeholders, can meet the needs and demands of urban water consumers - including the poor - through developing an understanding of the needs and demands of all consumer groups, and by the adaptation of marketing/commercial approaches. A key question that is considered in this book (Book 2) is how best marketing approaches to utility management can be adapted to serve low-income areas so that sustainable services are achieved. The main target audience of this book is utility managers in low- and middle-income countries who are interested in innovative ways of serving more of their consumers. Many examples of applying different and useful marketing approaches for the urban water sector are provided, including guidance on pilot programmes for serving the poor and scaling up to city wide strategic marketing approaches.

This book documents state of the art research designed to compliment the advances being made in the global water quality sector. Book 2 provides further detail on supporting programmes.

Providing sanitation for all is a major global challenge involving many complex issues. The user of a latrine however, will have more local concerns such as the condition of the latrine slab. This is one of the key components of the most common type of sanitary facility. This booklet highlights the design, manufacture and maintenance features that help to improve the safety and comfort of users.

This catalogue has been prepared to help houseowners in low-income urban communities choose an appropriate low-cost toilet option. It is designed to be used by toilet builders or other NGO or government fieldworkers who can support houseowners in their decision. Specifically developed for use in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, it can also be used in many other low-income communities. The toilet options presented in the catalogue were developed on the basis of results from consumer research and tested in low-income urban communities. Toilet builders were trained in the construction of each design. This catalogue is one of the outputs of the Social Marketing for Urban Sanitation research project funded by DFID. The research was conducted by WEDC, Loughborough University in partnership with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; WaterAid, Dar es Salaam Urban Programme, Tanzania; and Trend Group, Kumasi, Ghana.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. This report presents the case report from Karachi, Pakistan.

The purpose of this article is to provide a retrospective analysis of two drinking water access programmes aimed at populations living in the poor neighbourhoods of (1) Buenos Aires (Argentina) and (2) Port-au-Prince (Haiti). The authors reflect on the real stakes behind these initiatives, based on an analysis of both experiences with their different development structures, and of the management models introduced (giving new momentum to the state-owned company in the case of Haiti and building a public-private partnership in Argentina).

This book is one of the outputs from a project designed to identify and test out ways of improving the water services delivered to the urban poor through SWEs. As such, it will prove an invaluable resource for water utility managers and policymakers. The book includes accounts of fieldwork undertaken in a number of African cities: Dar es Salaam (Tanzania); Nairobi (Kenya); Khartoum (Sudan) and Accra (Ghana). Even in these cities, where dependence on SWEs is high, the services provided by these SWEs have been poorly documented until now.

For centuries, Small Water Enterprises (SWEs) have supplied a large share of the water market in the urban centres of most low-income countries. Such SWEs have proved themselves economically viable, and often operate in competitive conditions. They extend water services to informal settlements that have little prospect of being supplied with piped water from the local utility. Unfortunately, they attract comparatively little investment, and even less support from governments. The incremental but critically important improvements they can provide tend to be overlooked by governments and international agencies. This book is one of a series of outputs from a project designed to identify and test out ways of improving the water services delivered to the urban poor through SWEs. Along with the other books in the series listed below, it will prove an invaluable resource for water utility managers and policymakers.

The African Water Utility Partnership for Capacity Building projects is part of the SIDA-funded Water Utility Partnership (WUP) Action Programme. WUP has pioneered a successful partnership between Severn Trent Water International, WEDC and six African water utilities to work together on the 'Improvement of Water Utility Management and Reduction of Unaccounted Water' project. This project aimed at bringing about improvements in the performance of utilities, which in turn will enable them to provide better water supply and sanitation services to residents of designated services areas, with particular emphasis on the urban poor. This collection of papers and reports are the outputs from this project. They will be particularly useful to those involved in aspects of water and sanitation utility management who are seeking to provide a more effective service.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. This report presents the case study from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

This book presents contract analyses and case studies from around the world which draw out key lessons both for the local and international reader. The key questions addressed are: Where and how is contracting out being undertaken in the water sector and by whom? Is contracting out delivering benefits through improved efficiency and effectiveness? How can the use of contracting out be further enhanced to deliver improved water and sanitation service provision in low- and middle-income countries?

This book presents findings from project R7786 Partnerships to improve access and quality of urban public transport for the urban poor carried out by the authors as part of the Knowledge and Research (KaR) programme of the Infrastructure and Urban Development Department, Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the project was to identify, explore, and document critical issues in the provision of transport services for and in low-income settlements in developing countries. The identified issues can be used at policy and operational levels to provide better transport services to low-income communities in urban areas. In the research methodology, a sustainable livelihoods framework was used to set the research framework. Faisalabad has 1,977,246 residents at the time of the most recent census in 1998, and it is likely that the population is now well in excess of 2 million. The traffic growth rate was 4.25 per cent in 1991, and that growth rate is likely to be maintained. Public transport availability varies strongly according to the nature of the community, but has not grown at the same rate as the work force. 60 per cent of the city's population live in 'colonies', which are planned developments recognised and accepted by the council. The remainder live in 'Katchi abadies' (houses developed in an unplanned manner and illegally occupied by squatters) or slums consisting of poor people who have moved to the edge of the city in the hope of finding work or education.