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Philip Gilbert Hamerton (1834-1894) was an Englishman who was devoted to the arts in numerous forms. He became an orphan at the age of ten; his mother died giving birth to him, and he ended up living with two aunts when he turned five. Five years after that, his father died. At first, he tried his hand at poetry, but his work was not well received. He moved onto painting, in particular, landscape painting. However, his work was also not well-received. On a more positive note, while he was painting in the Scottish Highlands, he met his wife, Eugénie Gindriez. While his painting and poetry was not fawned over, his book, Painter's Camp in the Highlands, published in 1863, was lauded. Due to the praise, Hamerton stuck with art criticism, and went on to write other works, such as Etching and Etchers (1866) and Contemporary French Painters (1867). He also wrote novels, biographies, and reflections on society. This new edition is dedicated to Gordon Alt, whose energetic lifelong efforts for the arts have saved many important works that otherwise would have perished.

Most of this work is not by Rev. R. Livesey, but rather by Charles Herbert, who was made prisoner by the English during the Revolutionary War. The journal begins around November 15, 1776, shortly after Herbert was captured while on the brigantine, Dolton. While imprisoned, he suffered from smallpox, but recovered and then was sent to Old Mill Prison, located in Plymouth, England, in 1777. He was held there until March 19, 1779, when he was exchanged for English prisoners. Herbert tried to escape many times, and even succeeded once, but he, along with a majority of other prisoners, were recaptured. After his release, Herbert went on to be married to Holly Butler on November 8, 1783, and earned a living as a block-maker, until he died at the age of 49 on September 4, 1808. The journal was written in code and had to be translated. Special Collections at the University of Delaware Library in Newark, Delaware has archival holdings on this work.

Thriving democracy and representative government depend upon a well functioning civil service, rich civic life and economic success. Georgia has been considered a top performer among countries in South Eastern Europe seeking to establish themselves in the post-Soviet era at the start of the 21st century. Georgia's challenges in pubic administration reform provide unique illustrations of universal struggles of governance, including encouraging civic engagement, inculcating the values of public service, combatting corruption and nurturing economic development. Written from the vantage point of Georgian academics, many with first hand experience as public servants, in collaboration with US scholars, the chapters in this volume offer insights that should be of broad interest to public administrators and policymakers everywhere. Bonnie Stabile is Director of the Master of Public Policy Program and Research Assistant Professor at the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University in Arlington, Virginia, USA. Nino Ghonghadze is Professor at the Georgian Institute of Public Affairs in Tbilisi, Georgia.

Isaac Pitman (1813-1897) lived a fascinating and varied life. He was born in England, and earned his teaching credential from the British and Foreign School Society. He began teaching in Lincolnshire. After marrying in 1835, he started his own school in Gloucestershire, where he taught for a few years before moving to Bath and starting another school there in 1839. More so than teaching perhaps, Pitman was interested in language, transmission and the printed word. He stopped teaching in 1843 in order to run his printing and binding business. As part of his business' outputs, he published his own works which forwarded the argument for standardized spelling, including Phonotypy in 1844. Previous to this, he published Sound-Hand, a book on a system of phonetically based shorthand. He began a distance learning course, arguably the first of its kind, where he would work with students on their shorthand through the mail, sending work and critiques to each student. His work was very well received; so much so that by 1886, a million copies of his work, The Phonographic Teacher, were sold. Pitman credited his ability to carry on so many pursuits to his adoption of a vegetarian diet and abstinence from alcohol. He was also devoutly a follower of Swedenborgianism. For all his activity, in 1894, he was knighted by Queen Victoria. History of Shorthand is written in shorthand, but the back of the book offers a basic look at the language, and transcribing the book provides and opportunity to learn the writing method.

William Pittenger served as a Union Army soldier during the Civil War. As part of his service, he took part in Andrews' Raid, also known as the Great Locomotive Chase. In this famous raid, Union soldiers took over a train in northern Georgia, heading towards Chattanooga, Tennessee. The goal was to destroy the Western and Atlantic Railroad. To ensure as much damage as possible was done, the telegraph lines were cut so Confederate forces up the line could not be notified. Just 18 miles south of Chattanooga the train ran out of fuel. Pittenger, along with other raiders, fled. This work tells the intense story of the Great Locomotive Chase as it was led by a civilian, James J. Andrews. Pittenger went on to become one of the first recipients of the Medal of Honor. Later he became a professor, then a pastor. He also wrote other books: Oratory, Sacred and Secular (1881); and Extempore Speech (1882).

James A. Garfield (1831-1881) was the 20th President of the United States. His term was cut short when he was assassinated in 1881, the same year he took office. Many biographies highlight the difficult circumstances Garfield overcame to become the President. He was born in Ohio on a farm and grew up helping his widowed mother. He worked many jobs to support his family, and was able to attend Williams College, graduating in 1856. He became a member of the Ohio State Senate, running as a Republican. During the Civil War he served as a major general. He then enjoyed a successful Congressional career in Washington. He rose through the ranks to become the Republican Presidential nominee during the 1880 presidential election. It was close, with Garfield beating his Democratic opponent, Winfield Scott Hancock, with a narrow margin. During his brief term, he worked to end corruption in the Post Office, and pushed civil service reform in many ways, namely the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which eventually passed through by his successor, President Chester A. Arthur. Westphalia Press occupies the mansion in Washington of Harry Garfield, longtime president of Williams, and repository of much Garfield memorabilia.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Deep Sea Chanties offers a unique lens upon seafaring life punctuated with fabulous woodcut illustrations by Edward A. Wilson. From the editor, Frank Shay: "In bringing these songs together I have sought to catch for the moment the spirit of the men of the clipper-ship era. That glorious period, marked roughly by the Mexican War and the California gold rush, is finding perpetuation in the enthusiasms of those who love the sea and ships. Ship models, romances and tales of the sea, log books and nautical instruments so eagerly sought after by these enthusiasts are, after all, but outward symbols of the men who trod the decks and warped and reefed the sails. Those deeds were not accomplished with out song and the songs they sang were from their own souls: not written for them by poets and ballad-mongers. In reading them we are made privy not only to the singer but to the audience: their thoughts, their lives, and their environment." This new edition is dedicated to India D'Avignon, lifelong champion of the importance of music in our daily lives.

In February 1900, a journal review of Old London Taverns commented that the author was annoyed by mistakes in recounting pub history. So he embarked on this chronicle: "He tells us of various taverns, chop-houses, bakers', butchers', and kindred topics of considerable variety, places both new and old. He has done good service in putting together these facts, which have, indeed, a great tendency to get forgotten or confused. [As an example]... Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese' is, perhaps, the doyen of London taverns. Herrick speaks of the 'Cheese, ' along with the Triple Tun' (no longer a tavern), in writing to Ben Jonson. This building, of course, perished in the Fire, but its successor has seen guests as famous-Pope, Congreve, Samuel Johnson, Goldsmith, and in later days Charles Dickens, Mark Lemon, and Thomas Hood. It remains much the same, though the ancient simplicity of its bill-of-fare has disappeared. Mr. Callow's book is one to be commended both for its text and its illustrations." This edition is dedicated to John Hamill, whose researches into the beginnings of Freemasonry have made him something of an authority about the rites that the ancient taverns sheltered.

Over the last 200 years, the country has elected a variety of colorful figures to national office. Drunkards, racists, slave holders, philanderers, war heroes, populists, demagogues, humanitarians, misogynists, embezzlers, patriots, and nepotists, all have walked the halls of the Capitol and the White House. Yet rarely has a man been sent to Washington who could be defined by all of those descriptors at once. Richard Mentor Johnson of Kentucky was one of those men. His heroic, controversial, and eccentric life made him notorious in his day, a tragic hero who walked the stage of American politics for almost half a century. Col. Dick Johnson was the epitome of a frontier Republican from the early part of the 19th century. Born into a politically active family which had migrated west during the Revolution, his early years were shaped by the Indian warfare that plagued the region. He himself achieved notoriety due to his successes against the great Native leader Tecumseh at the Battle of the Thames, allegedly killing the war-chief himself. Johnson then went on to serve in various positions in the government, at all times being involved in the growth of the nation. His eccentricities as Vice President, when combined with his scandalous relationships with various African American women, resulted in his eventual damnatio memoriae. This biography seeks to fill the gap in the historical record, examining the life and accomplishments of one of America's more storied Vice Presidents. David R. Petriello has taught and written on various subjects in American history. His specialties include military history, the impact of disease upon history and society, and 19th political thought. Recent publications by the author include A Military History of New Jersey, Bacteria and Bayonets: The Impact of Disease in American Military History, and an upcoming work on disease and the American presidency.

This highly opinionated book, written by a British officer in occupied Iraq, first appeared in 1923. Thomas Lyell was completely convinced of the necessity of the British presence in Iraq, and felt his book would help to enlighten Westerns as to the "true" nature of Iraqi life, complicated as it was by the various religious and political factions that existed within the country. Bigoted and prejudiced, though intensely pragmatic, this book is a truly startling expose of the attitude taken by British officers towards the indigenous peoples of the Gulf region, over whose day-to-day lives they were given charge. Against a background of the British invasion of the First World War and the subsequent civil war, Lyell presents a portrait of life as he saw it. He explodes in detail the influence of religion on Arab life, both in its domination of everyday affairs and in the antipathy between orthodox Sunnis and unorthodox Shias, believing an appreciation of this to be crucial to any understanding of the area. Although his experiences as a criminal judge may have coloured his views towards the Arabs (whom he considered lawless and unfit for self-government), he is equally castigating of British, Jewish and Kurdish peoples in the region (bemoaning British folly in placing a Sunni of the throne of largely Shia Iraq, and referring to the Kurds as "untrained savages"). Commenting, in the final section of the book, on the possible future of Iraq, Lyell has grim warnings. He foresaw the influence of the Red Army in the area, the threat of a Kurdish revolution and, in the event of the British pulling out and leaving the Iraqis to govern themselves, a bleak future for the minority elements in the country: "... no conceivable guarantees in the world ensure their safety ... All modern civilization and progress would be wiped out."

"So why for God's sake," asked Mike Hanlin in his avuncular manner, "did Mary kill herself?" Hanlin, the seasoned ex-diplomat, perceptive but bewildered, finds himself stalking a dangerous unknown killer. The plot and setting are classically American with the pillars of the Catholic Church compromised and the establishment confused as crime piles on crime and sin on sin. The protagonists, some ruthless and some morally perplexed, fight to make sense of their own passions, hopes and fears. And at the center of it all, a young Catholic Priest, Father Sebastian, struggles to turn away from self-will and his obsession with his own appetites, and seeks only to know and to do the will of God. Through episodes of mounting revelation and a cast of curious, minor characters, the plot evolves to an unexpected climax, which revolves around the key question of who drove the Hummer that became the weapon of choice for the killer in his most audacious crime, a crime for which suspicion even falls on Hanlin himself. SPRINGFIELD THE NOVEL has all the ingredients of a classic thriller with its mouth-drying tension and cryptic style. All this alongside a landscape that sets adultery, lust and selfishness against the quest for absolute purity and a more principled world. William Morris has worked as a sheep farmer, coal miner and publisher and for the past twenty years has worked in conflict resolution, principally in the Middle East as Secretary General of The Next Century Foundation, an organization registered as a Not for Profit in London and Springfield, the city in which this novel is set. William is also Chairman of the International Communications Forum. In this capacity he has led press delegations to Iraq, Palestine, Israel, Egypt and Syria. Most recently William has been engaged in Syrian peace efforts. William also broadcasts to the Middle East on satellite television on which he has a slot that goes out weekly subtitled into Arabic. William believes that social deprivation is a key cause of many of the world's problems. He also believes in the mantra that change begins with ourselves and is a member of Initiatives of Change. He cites Oscar Wilde's maxim, "We all live in the gutter but some of us look at the Stars". William's wife Veronica was a teacher and now battles Multiple Sclerosis and works with him at the Next Century Foundation. They have three children, Joseph, Loveday and Samuel and two grandchildren, Florence and Paloma.

The Adelphon Kruptos is the secret ritual manual of the Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, a working class secret society which grew into the first mass trade union in North America. Founded in 1869, it grew to 800,000 members, 20% of all the workers in America, by its height in 1886. It was notable for including women and men, black, brown and white workers (although, to its lasting shame, not Asian-origin workers). Advancing a co-operative socialism, an ethical and cultural approach rather than a Marxist or class-conflict approach, it was unable to cope with the intensification of class conflict after the depression of the 1880s and collapsed. The ritual manual shows the crossover of the secret societies, which were a prominent feature of late, Victorian America, an alternative ethics, with the organizations of the working class. Its celebration of the nobility of labor and the power of solidarity continues to inspire. Samuel Wagar's Masters' thesis work on the intersection between the socialist movement and the Theosophical Society in the 1920s came from long standing interest in working class organization, the occult and metaphysical subcultures, and social change. He is a Wiccan priest and chaplain at the University of Alberta as well as a Doctor of Ministry student at St. Stephen's College in Edmonton. He has four other books out, and continues to be excited by scholarship. swagar@ualberta.ca

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Social history as a corrective to a historiography is often too limited to diplomacy and wars. It began an upward trajectory as early as the 1930s, but it remains constrained by the frustrating cost and availability of materials that even great research libraries lack. This volume is a case in point. Fraternal movements like Freemasonry have impacted society for hundreds of years. Yet, over time research into their undoubted influence has been handicapped by their codes of secrecy, arcane rituals, and the paucity of continuing tertiary research projects. As a step towards "more light" Westphalia Press has produced a number of scarce titles that will be helpful in understanding the "secret empire" of lodges, initiations, and (candidly) the deliberately inscrutable.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

The arrangement of a table in terms of cutlery, arrangement, serving style, and timing of courses has changed a great deal over time and now is enjoying renewed interest. The History of the Art of Tablesetting was written by a true expert in the field, Claudia Quigley Murphy, who enjoyed a career as a journalist, writing for papers in Ohio and Michigan. She served as a consultant in all matters of etiquette and entertaining to a number of major companies. This work is an authoritative and original account of table setting by an expert with a penchant for getting things right.

Bruce Proctor's journey was a harrowing one - from top secret Pentagon war-policy insider to American deserter. Interpreting reconnaissance photos taken over Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War, he concluded that the conflict was immoral, misguided and deceptive. He suddenly quit the Defense Intelligence Agency (which caused a furor) and joined the Air National Guard to avoid conscription. But his unit was activated, and within the year Bruce was AWOL in Sweden. This hybrid memoir is told in three narrative voices: letters from and to Bruce during 1968 - 1972, his reminiscences 40 years later and two years before his death, and his brother, Alan's, reflections in 2014. Although he tried, Bruce never learned the language, necessary for a decent job. His letters and later recollections highlight the struggle: impoverishment; common laborer; counselor for disturbed children; taxi driver. He mastered yoga, yet was also mastered by drugs and alcohol. After four years of effort in a foreign culture, Bruce decided, "I must get out of here," and emigrated to Canada. As the Poet Laureate of Missouri wrote, "It's an account of...sustained heroism." Compiled and edited with reflections by Alan Robert Proctor

A companion volume, Chains of Empire: English Public Schools, Masonic Cabalism Historical Causality, and Imperial Clubdom, is the second in P. J. Rich's trilogy about schooling as a political force. Explored are the ways in which the history of education contributes to political science, and the problems facing historians and educators in linking an individual's education to behaviour. Also discussed are the implications of schools for general biography, the use of prosopographical analysis in determining schools' influence on culture, and the importance of recent educational research for social theory.

William Elliot Griffis (1843-1928) served in the Union Army during the Civil War, then graduated from Rutgers University in 1869. He was a tutor for Taro Kusakabe, which opened up a world of opportunity for him in Japan. In 1870, he was invited to reorganize Japanese schools by Matsudaira Yoshinaga. Between 1870-74, Griffis taught science, wrote English language primers, and was an intermediary between the United States and Japan. He returned to the United States to complete his studies at the Union Theological Seminary in 1877, eventually earning a Doctor of Divinity in 1884. While he was active in the parish ministry, in 1903, he decided to resign so that he could focus on writing. He wrote not only on Japan, but also on Europe, particularly the Netherlands. His books included titles on Asiatic History; China, Korea and Japan -- and collections of fairy tales, such as Swiss Fairy Tales, Belgian Fairy Tales, Korean Fairy Tales, and of course, the much enjoyed The Fire-Fly's Lovers and Other Fairy Tales of Old Japan. This edition is dedicated to Francisco Alcantara, a later day emissary of the New World to the land of the rising sun.

World Food Policy (WFP) in its third issue, features research-based papers on food policy from global perspectives, inclusive of regional and national cases. Revisiting the green revolution, a number of articles take issue with the phenomenon through interestingly different lens. This also includes exploring the implications for policy intervention occurring through the role of trans-continent actors - such as those from Asia over in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our editorial Board member also provides a 'LET's DEBATE' piece to introduce an interactive dimension to the journal - encouraging feedback and further debate, over the coming three issues, on the arguments contained in the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE).

John Flaxman (1755-1826) was an extraordinarily popular British sculptor, illustrator, and teacher. He earned his start by creating funerary monuments. Despite moving on to creating different sculpture forms and art in different media, he was still influenced by his early form of bas-reliefs and incorporated it into other projects. Having married an intelligent, hard working wife, Anne Denman, the pair enjoyed a lot of success and support of one another. Together they enjoyed many years in Rome, with Flaxman illustrating and sculpting a great deal. after nearly eight years, they returned to England, where Flaxman was made an Associate of the Royal Academy, where he exhibited for a few years before he was made a full Academician, where he went on to teach. Flaxman remains an extremely influential figure. University College London has much of Flaxman's work in terms of writings, drawings, and plasters and the famed Flaxman Gallery. Sadly, some of it was damaged during air raids of World War II.

Contents H. Peter Steeves, "Space Race" Amy Green, "''Here You Are at Last, in a Ruined and Drowning World': The Dishonored Series as Environmental and Social Commentary" Max J. Skidmore, "Black Belt and Blue Water: The Vigorous Lives and Presidencies of Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt" Patricia M. Kirtley and William M. Kirtley, "When in Rome Caesars Palace: The First Themed Casino in Las Vegas" Maureen Salsitz, "Seasonal Ethnic Celebrations at Disney California Adventure from 2012 through 2017" Ian Boucher, "Casting a Wider Lasso: An Analysis of the Cultural Dismissal of Wonder Woman Through Her 1975-1979 Television Series" Luc Gugleimi, "Written Text to Oral Presentation" Chris Williams, "Why Mario Works: Super Mario as Transformative Icon for the Working Class" Lorna Gibb, "Defining a Life" Book Reviews Blasian Invasion: Racial Mixing in the Celebrity Industrial Complex (Race, Rhetoric, and Media Series) by Myra S. Washington Kim Idol Epistrophies Jazz and the Literary Imagination by Brent Hayes Edwards James Altman

Born in 1840, John White Chadwick was initially to become a shoemaker. Although he was in the middle of an apprenticeship, he preferred to continue a non-trade education. During his education at normal school in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, he determined his calling in life was to become a minister. He went on to graduate from Harvard Divinity School in 1864. Almost immediately after he graduated, he became the pastor of the Second Unitarian Church, in Brooklyn, New York. He wrote a great deal, both books and contributions to journals, including Origin and Destiny (1883), Preacher and Reformer (1900), and Later Poems (1905).

Rev. James Dallaway had published the successful survey Observations on English Architecture. Yet, the passing of twenty years had brought more insight, clarity, and of course further changes to the physical layout of buildings across the United Kingdom. Rather than revising the original work, he created this volume, a collection of discourses, which included a variety of thoughts from other scholars on critical issues that had arisen. His work includes a lot of opinions of controversies about development of architecture, including his belief that Grecian architecture deeply influenced the Gothic style. He writes of the Tudor style, military architecture, and Free Masons, among other topics. Some critics have argued that his preference for certain architectural styles, such as Scottish Gothic, gives his work a biased tone when it comes to declaring some styles as superior to others. Regardless of preference, this work still despite the passage of time gives a lot of food for discussion.

James Gibbons Huneker was born in 1857 in Philadelphia. He began his life with a career in law in order to please his parents, but at 21 abandoned that path, and fled to Paris to learn piano, accompanied by his pregnant girlfriend. He only spent a year there, which he enjoyed tremendously, despite poverty. He unhappily returned to Philadelphia with wife and child in tow. He continued to try and learn music, but gave up his dreams of playing an instrument, and instead focused on writing broadly about music and the arts. He ended up moving to New York, without his family, and immersing himself fully in the arts scene. He wrote primary for the New York Sun as an arts critic, but he also penned pieces for Harper's, Theatre, and Scribner's, among numerous other works. Huneker was well-known for supporting new artists well before they became part of the canon, including Henrik Ibsen, Thomas Hardy, Anton Chekhov, Richard Wagner, Claude Debussy, George Bernard Shaw, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent van Gogh among numerous others. While Huneker was well traveled in social circles, and his writings appreciated, they did not pay a great deal. He died of pneumonia at the age of 64.