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Bugle Echoes offers a vast collection of poetry illustrating the lived experiences of the Civil War. The collection was edited by Francis Fisher Browne (1843-1913) who fought in the Civil War as a soldier in the Forty-Sixth Massachusetts Volunteers. His father, William Goldsmith Browne, was a poet and printer in Massachusetts. After the war, it was unsurprising when Browne pursued a literary career as editor of several Chicago-based journals, including a revival of The Dial, a celebrated transcendental periodical. Browne personally knew Walt Whitman, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell and other eminent literary figures, many of whom shared with him the trials of the Civil War and are featured in this volume. When he died, John Muir said, "Francis Fisher Browne, or Browne the Beloved as I like to call him, was one of the finest and rarest men I ever knew."

Frank Rinder (1863-1937) was the art correspondent of the Glasgow Herald and adviser to the National Gallery in Melbourne, Australia. He had the luck of a substantial bequest to the gallery, which enabled him to be aggressive as its agent. His other books included a history of the Royal Scottish Academy and a study of the etchings of D.Y. Cameron. He selected Thomas Heath Robins (1869-1953) to do the illustrations for his Japan book. Dr Hilary Taylor writes: "...this book is a gem. Clearly, it reveals contemporary enthusiasm for things Japanese - a taste which had burgeoned since the 1860s and the reopening of Japan to the West - and also Robinson's remarkable talent and agility as an illustrator. ... It is also interesting to compare Robinson's illustrations with those produced, in the same year, by the young Aubrey Beardsley for Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur. Beardsley, of course, had learned much from Japanese prints...In contrast, Thomas Heath Robinson's illustrations for Rinder's book on Japan do not have the same static figures, tense with eroticism, that we find in Beardsley, but they do reveal a vivid exploration of the power of black and white in illustrations that are at once full of sinuous, Art Nouveau movement and rich with exoticism. Robinson and Beardsley must have been well aware of one another's work."

The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mills in California in 1848 caused thousands to give up their homes in the eastern states and head West. To avoid the Sierra Mountains, which in winter could be deadly, a party led by William Lewis Manly (1820-1903) attempted to follow a trail that took them through Death Valley. Manly's efforts to save the group are just part of his remarkable story, starting as a boy in New England and then Michigan and Wisconsin, having encounters with the Mormons, and being part of the expansion of America and the saga of California pioneer life with the demands of the mills and mines and the risks of illness and death.

In 1913, the same year that this nuanced and colorful account of the Middle East was published, a group of Arab students living in Paris proposed an international meeting about Syria and Lebanon to discuss the decay of the Ottoman Empire, the part the European powers were playing in the region, Zionist settlements in Palestine, and the signs of growing crisis in the region. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs agreed to be the sponsor. The congress was held June 18-23 and there were delegates representing all the major faiths, as well as a spectrum of political positions, and a hopeful discussion that looked to the future. Of course World War I began in July 1914 and the Arab Congress of 1913 was not replicable. Nor of course were the travels of John Hackenbroch in this volume. A hundred years have passed and the problems remain.

George Alfred Henty (1832-1902) was born at Trumpington near Cambridge and attended Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge University. He became a war correspondent and covered the Austro-Italian War, the 1868 British invasion of Ethiopia, the Franco-Prussian War, the Ashanti Wars, the Turco-Serbian War and rebellions in Spain. When he turned to writing fiction, his young protagonists became known as "Henty heroes" because they exemplified the cool, calm, intelligent qualities that he identified with the public school-in the British sense of private boarding school-lads who served the Empire. He authored more than 122 novels. Henty has been accused of jingoism and racism, but defenders can find examples that contradict that image. For example, in With Clive in India, a sympathetically described Indian servant marries a white woman, and in Freedom's Cause the hero bitterly attacks the English and the English monarchy. Yet those are exceptions. Quite simply, as a man of his times, in ideology he was an imperialist who believed in the values of the British Empire. Importantly, he was also a great storyteller, which is why his books have survived. The Henty Society in England holds meetings at places central to his life and maintains a lively web site at hentysociety.org

George Alfred Henty (1832-1902) was born at Trumpington near Cambridge and attended Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge University. He became a war correspondent and covered the Austro-Italian War, the 1868 British invasion of Ethiopia, the Franco-Prussian War, the Ashanti Wars, the Turco-Serbian War and rebellions in Spain. When he turned to writing fiction, his young protagonists became known as "Henty heroes" because they exemplified the cool, calm, intelligent qualities that he identified with the public school-in the British sense of private boarding school-lads who served the Empire. He authored more than 122 novels. Henty has been accused of jingoism and racism, but defenders can find examples that contradict that image. For example, in With Clive in India, a sympathetically described Indian servant marries a white woman, and in Freedom's Cause the hero bitterly attacks the English and the English monarchy. Yet those are exceptions. Quite simply, as a man of his times, in ideology he was an imperialist who believed in the values of the British Empire. Importantly, he was also a great storyteller, which is why his books have survived. The Henty Society in England holds meetings at places central to his life and maintains a lively web site at hentysociety.org

The Orpheus C. Kerr Papers highlights the sense of humor that was part of the literature of the Civil War in the United States. The Papers originally appeared as a series of installments to Sunday newspapers. Upon completion of the installments, they were edited and bound with some new, more autobiographical chapters into this work. Today, this work sheds light on the point of view the average American had about the Civil War, and the types of popular troupes, jokes and humor for the period. Orpheus C. Kerr was the pseudonym used by Robert Henry Newell. He was the literary editor for New York's Sunday Mercury where his articles first appeared. In addition to The Orpheus C. Kerr Papers, Newell also wrote several other works, including Smoked Glass (1868), The Cloven Foot (1870), There Was Once a Man (1884) as well as books of poetry, such as Versatilities (1871). His sense of humor was greatly appreciated, and newspapers across the United States carried his writings. He was one of the favorite humorists of President Abraham Lincoln, who was noted as saying of The Orpheus C. Kerr Papers, "anyone who has not read them is a heathen."

The Wizard was serialized in the African Review and then published in full in the 1896 issue of Arrowsmith's Christmas Annual. The hero, a missionary named Owen, has to endure various trials at the hands of African tribal magicians, and discovers his own ability to predict the future and manipulate nature. The trademark Sir Henry Rider Haggard themes are much in evidence, particularly the confrontation of the West with African traditional values. Professor Noel Cox remarks, "The interesting thing about this story (published 1896) is that it has some similarities with the history of Uganda - though I don't think Thomas Owen, saint and martyr (as Haggard describes him on the last page) has any particular prototype. Though it is in a sense the history of Owen, it is really about Hokosa - the "Wizard" of the title - and his conversion. It is also interesting that of the supernatural events, only one major occurrence is at the hands of the pagan wizard - the raising of the spirit of Umsuka - while Owen is responsible for several - the trial by lightning (if it can be classified as miraculous - certainly the Amasuka thought so), and the vision of the plan to murder king Umsuka, as well as his call back in England." Sir Henry Rider Haggard (1856-1925) is still widely read and his characters allegedly inspired the Indiana Jones books and movies. A Rider Haggard literary trail in South Africa includes many of his old haunts, and a Rider Haggard society in England publishes a journal on his work.

In addition to being a writer, Addison Irving Bacheller (1859-1950) founded the Bacheller Syndicate, the first newspaper syndicate in the United States established in 1885 to provide unique content to fill additional space of Sunday papers. It was often with writing by well-known authors like Rudyard Kipling, Conan Doyle and helped to make famous Stephen Crane, publishing parts of The Red Badge of Courage. Bacheller moved into writing fiction full time, drawing on life in the Adirondacks of New York State. His works were often best sellers, including Eben Holden: A Tale of the North Country, The Light in the Clearing, and A Man for the Ages.

George Alfred Henty (1832-1902) was born at Trumpington near Cambridge and attended Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge University. He became a war correspondent and covered the Austro-Italian War, the 1868 British invasion of Ethiopia, the Franco-Prussian War, the Ashanti Wars, the Turco-Serbian War and rebellions in Spain. When he turned to writing fiction, his young protagonists became known as "Henty heroes" because they exemplified the cool, calm, intelligent qualities that he identified with the public school-in the British sense of private boarding school-lads who served the Empire. He authored more than 122 novels. Henty has been accused of jingoism and racism, but defenders can find examples that contradict that image. For example, in With Clive in India, a sympathetically described Indian servant marries a white woman, and in Freedom's Cause the hero bitterly attacks the English and the English monarchy. Yet those are exceptions. Quite simply, as a man of his times, in ideology he was an imperialist who believed in the values of the British Empire. Importantly, he was also a great storyteller, which is why his books have survived. The Henty Society in England holds meetings at places central to his life and maintains a lively web site at hentysociety.org

In a single lifespan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, America passed through an extraordinary economic and social transformation. Industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and westward expansion into the vast interior of the continent yielded the structural framework of the modern America we still recognize more than a century later. The roles played by financial capital, labor, and technology in this story have been widely examined. Less well understand, however, is the remaining puzzle: how did America generate the human capital necessary for this transformation? How did a largely agrarian nation with relatively weak and largely decentralized government institutions manage to produce the professional class - the doctors, lawyers, managers, and, most importantly, engineers - essential for the emergence of a modern, industrialized, yet still liberal and democratic America? This study takes a micro approach to this question. It focuses on a single, unexceptional case, examining the process and experience through the eyes of a single participant. Born in rural New Jersey in the late 1830s, Daniel Harker Rhodes's wanderings took him from a tinsmith apprenticeship in upstate New York to service in the Civil War, and then on to secondary education, college education, and eventually a career building railroads that opened up the agricultural potential of the Great Plains, the minerals of the Rockies, and the energy resources of Texas and Oklahoma. Rhodes's detailed account highlights a number of intriguing factors: the availability of education and private capital to finance it, the absence of class barriers, social institutions and technology that permitted extraordinary geographic mobility, and perhaps most importantly the impact of deeply held Calvinist norms As with any case study, the insights that emerge are suggestive rather than definitive. In this case, however, the insights underscore the significance of an unusual combination of institutions in nineteenth century America and suggest intriguing reasons why America's pattern of social and economic development followed its distinctive course.

In this iconoclastic book, Dror argues that humanity cascades through a metamorphosis, driven mainly by science and technology. Radical human enhancement, synthesis of viruses, quasi-intelligent robots and molecular engineering illustrate the emerging quantum leap, as do value changes ranging between mass-killing fanaticisms to human "maturation." Along with the windfall of opportunities for thriving that the emerging epoch offers, dangers of calamities, including the demise of humanity, require thinking in terms of raison d'humanité, a powerful Global Authority and new modes of human existence. Dror argues that a new approach to political leadership is the key to the future of humanity amidst these monumental changes. Our current political leaders are inadequate: new, avant-garde politicians are required to cope with the fateful challenges that lie ahead. Avant-Garde Politician offers a thorough overview of the changing human condition. The author proposes innovative human survival and thriving imperatives, a Global Humanity Constitutions establishing a decisive global regime, and some radical value changes - including the addition of duties to human rights. He also suggests novel approaches to composing humanity-craft, such as regulating science and technology. And specifies the qualities required from avant-garde politicians together with ways to acquire them. Based on multiple academic disciplines combined with extensive personal experience of the author in "hot corridors" of power worldwide, this book will be of interest to leaders, policy advisors, scholars, scientists, students, and all concerned about the future of humanity. Of this work, Michael Marien, WAAS Fellow and Director of Global Foresight Books, has said, "Suffice to say that all members of the US Congress, and national leaders and would-be leaders everywhere (along with leading editors and relevant academics), should spend a week with Avant-Garde Politician if we are to get serious about world order in an undeniable age of metamorphosis and possible global collapse. It won't happen, of course. But the slim possibility of a maturing humanity would be improved if this were so, and if we could acknowledge the structural problems that keep us from learning about-and seriously debating--more appropriate worldviews for our turbulent times." For the full review, visit: http: //bit.ly/1Edf2Wm

The first issue of World Food Policy (WFP) is one of the three issues for which we have invited the authors of the papers to shed light on current and emerging global, regional and national policy agenda for food. The papers in this and the following two issues reflect wide-ranging scope of the journal both in terms of subject matter and method and its aim to promote exchange and dialogue between academic and policy communities.

Games for the Playground, Home, School, and Gymnasium, first published in 1909, has been called "the most comprehensive and scholarly book on games." It contains rules and variations of hundreds of games for schools, summer camps, parties, etc., as well as Jessie H. Bancroft's insightful and lengthy introduction exploring the purposes, materials, uses, and even the ritual origins of games. This volume reprints the entirety of the 1912 edition and adds a new introductory essay examining the anthropological study of the relationship of ritual and gaming since the book was published

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict does not appear to be any closer to a resolution, even after decades of continuous struggle. Since the signing of the historic Oslo Accords, the divide between the two sides has devolved to its lowest point yet, which has made the opportunity for peace ever more elusive. The disregard of the psychological dimension of the conflict, continuing occupation, rancorous public narratives, settlements enterprise, use of force, and failure of various peace negotiations over the past twenty years have glaringly demonstrated that the responsibility for the deadlock and the diminishing prospect of reaching a peace agreement any time soon falls squarely on both sides. In this compelling series of essays, Dr. Alon Ben-Meir examines the various underlying issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and ultimately argues that the Israelis and Palestinians must take a hard, critical look at their current situation and decide what they want their future to be: a continuation of violent confrontations, or sustainable peace and security. Dr. Alon Ben Meir is a professor and Senior Fellow at New York University's Center for Global Affairs and at the World Policy Institute. Ben-Meir is an expert on Middle East politics and affairs, specializing in international negotiations and conflict resolution. Ben-Meir hosts "Global Leaders: Conversations with Alon Ben-Meir" with top policy-makers from around the world, held at NYU. He writes a weekly article that appears in scores of newspapers, magazines and websites, and has been featured on networks such as ABC, Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya, al Hurra, CNN, and NBC. Ben-Meir has authored eight books and is currently working on a new book about the psychological dimension of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Dr. Ben-Meir holds a master's degree in philosophy and a doctorate in international relations from Oxford University.

Philosophical Society of Washington was founded on March 13, 1871. It was preceded by garings at home of Joseph Henry, great scientist whose discoveries laid foundations for advances in magnetism and electromagnetism. Since 1887 it has met at Cosmos Club, in whose founding Philosophical members played a large part. In 1878, when Cosmos was founded, re was fear that Philosophical would start an alternative club, so all present members of Philosophical were invited to join as founding members of Cosmos. This 1881 volume demonstrates extraordinary history of Society. Noting that more than 200 consecutive meetings had been held, it includes an address by E.M. Gallaudet on deafness, by John Wesley Powell on limits to use of data, and no less than two addresses by Alexander Graham Bell. No or society in Washington has maintained such high standards for so many years. Its Friday night garings have survived turbulence of war and depression and retain ir relevance: 2234th meeting in spring of 2014 presented Nobel laureate Craig Mello.

Freemasonry during the Weimar Republic and the 'Third Reich'...One might ask, "Is that a chapter of forgotten persecution or a legend of persecution?" After extensive research in archives in Berlin, Moscow, and Washington, D.C., the author has determined that the answer would have to be: "Neither, nor; yet some of both." The history of the German Masonic lodges and their members in the Weimar Republic and the "Third Reich" is a story of conflict and conformity.

There was a time when how to use finger bowls and napkin rings was part of education. In dispensing with archaic manners, we seem to have also dispensed with the common sense sensitivity that among other advantages made possible political discourse without viciousness. Decorum has been jettisoned, often with the excuse that the times are different. The end result has been stress instead of kindness, the evaporation of care and consideration, and gross inefficiency in solving problems rather than any alleged streamlined savings. The quality of our political life has deteriorated and the upshot has been a stalemate in dealing with contemporary social problems. The Westphalia Press Civility Series offers classic texts about behavior, which if taken to heart might have practical consequences.

Victor Lefebure (1891-1947) earned his bachelor's at University College London in 1911 and began a research and teaching career at Wye College before being called to the colors in the 3rd Essex Regiment in 1915. He was seconded to the Special Brigade of the Royal Engineers that was developing chemical warfare to be use against the Germans. He worked with the French forces and they carried out a number of successful attacks, notably at Nieuport on October 5, 1916. After the war he became a successful businessman and the inventor of a number of building materials. This book about chemical warfare became basic to the subject's history. But the gas attacks troubled him and in 1931 he wrote Scientific Disarmament, with introductions by such luminaries at Lloyd George and H.G. Wells. There he wrote, "Is it illogical or disloyal for technical men who have fostered armament in a previous national emergency, and might do so again, to take the initiative in the direction of disarmament? These questions have inevitably pursued me in writing this book, for the old loyalty to organisations and friends of the War must remain to the end. I can only say that it must be the first objective of any sane person who has seen war, to try to prevent the kind of catastrophe which engulfed the world in 1914. The deciding factor is surely this, the obligation to another generation which might again be sacrificed. If sane disarmament can assist, and if armament knowledge is an essential part, then this obligation falls upon those who possess it. Their contribution is essential, and it is because the scruples which pursued me in breaking new ground will also pursue them that I make these comments."

Alain Bauer argues that we need, with considerable immediacy, to press the formal study of crime in the academy, and that more resources need to be channeled towards that purpose. The approach in universities, if they do deign to study the subject, is often relegated to adjuncts and regarded by the more established departments with disdain. Given the prejudices of conventional scholars towards the subject, it is no wonder that the response to crime has been inept, and grows increasingly inadequate, considering the highly adaptive nature of crime and its implications in a globalized world in the XXIst Century.

Dr. Paul Rich is a member of the History of Education Society and the author of several books about education, including titles about the interaction of education and imperialism in the days of colonialism -- Elixir of Empire and Chains of Empire

This book contains the Meeting minutes of Naval Lodge No. 4 F.A.A.M. of Washington DC from 1813, along with articles about the people mentioned and the Washington Navy Yard where many of them worked, and gives insight into Freemasonry in early America. In the book, you will find images of the original minutes from 1813, and on the opposite page, you will find a transcription of those minutes to make reading a bit easier. In addition, notes and articles of historical interest have been added. Strictly speaking, minutes are a record of what happened at a particular meeting. They list who attended, what motions were made, what votes taken, and so on. At first glance, they can be very dry, very mundane. Although written 200 years ago with quill pens and by candlelight, they closely resemble minutes taken at meetings today. But it is that similarity that makes them so important. These minutes help ensure a sense of continuity. They help preserve a shared Masonic history and culture. These minutes help us realize that when George Washington became a Mason in 1752, he went through a ceremony very similar to what we went through to become Masons. They remind us that the symbols we use, and the values we cherish, are very similar to those embraced by Elias Ashmole when he became a Freemason in 1646. These minutes are a symbol that just as Freemasonry has existed for hundreds of years, so it will continue for hundreds more.

"Since the Cold War, Russia has been perceived as a broken nation that no longer represents a threat to the North Atlantic Alliance. This book emphasizes that Russia overcame this major vulnerability by developing the capacity to use unilateral economic sanctions in the form of gas pricing and gas disruptions against many European North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states. It agrees with many scholars and politics alike who fear that Russia will leverage its monopoly of natural gas to gain political concessions. The author suggests it is only a matter of time until Russia will use natural gas as an instrument of coercion to disrupt NATO's decision making process." -Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. Director, Strategic Studies Institute A former Intelligence Officer, Ion A. Iftimie is an energy security expert with over one decade of successfully advising senior military, business, and government leaders on Eurasian natural gas industry and related national security issues. This is the second, revised edition.

The Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia is not the grand lodge for the United States, but at times because of its site it has national importance. The election of Brother William McKinley as president in 1896 was the beginning of an extraordinarily visible era for Freemasonry in Washington, when its profile and processions were enhanced by the fact that Masons would occupy the White House for the majority of the next fifty-six years. Six out of the nine presidents in that period were members of the Craft: William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Warren Harding, Franklin Roosevelt, and Harry Truman. So this volume concerns arguably a high water mark in the fraternity's history. The statue for Albert Pike, the Scottish Rite leader, was authorized by Congress in 1898 and still occupies Judiciary Square. The Presidents of the United States during these years who were Masons participated frequently in Grand Lodge events during their time in Washington. Each had a particular connection that is worth noting. For example, William McKinley (President 1897-1901) had joined when he saw that Confederates who were Masons and wounded during the Civil War were given friendly treatment by Union surgeons. He became a Capitular Mason and Life Member of Washington Commandery No.1, D.C. on December 23, 1896. From the White House steps, on several occasions, Brother McKinley reviewed Knight Templars on parade. He received Grand Master William Henderson and a Grand Lodge delegation to accept membership in Columbia Lodge made a point to visit his Mother Lodge in Winchester, Virginia. He also participated in the Masonic centennial observances of the death of George Washington, on December 14, 1899.

The Royal Arch is a Masonic degree as well as a rite of several degrees that are close companions of the initial three Masonic degrees. Many Freemasons consider it the logical conclusion of the Masonic initiation. It was conferred in America in the eighteenth century, and continues to be given today. It has its own symbols, mythology, and secrets, which are apart from what Masons learn on first joining the Craft. Pennsylvania was certainly one of its launching pads in the Western Hemisphere, as this volume illustrates.

The numerous initiatory degrees which are staged by Masonic organizations are generally plays in which the candidate is a principal actor. Music has been a part of these dramas for at least the last two hundred years, and some Masonic temples are equipped with notable pipe organs and have stages with elaborate backdrops which can be used to add color to the events. Famous composers such as Sibelius and Mozart have written pieces specifically for the rituals. However, less spectacular Masonic events also call for music. Frequently the conferring of degrees will be followed by a meal, or festive board, where appropriate entertainment is in order. And there is a ritualistic event known as a table lodge, when toasts with special glasses are given to a peculiar cadence and there is occasionally a quartet. This ready market for a whole variety of solos, marches, choruses, and timely thematic interludes has included quartets such as are in the Ivanhoe collection. The lodge honored by the name, Ivanhoe No.610 on the rolls of the Grand Lodge of New York, was in its heyday in the 1860s when the scores were brought together. It is representative of a very large genre of nineteenth century pieces for Masonic gatherings. Sir Walter Scott, the Scottish author and a Freemason, was partly responsible for the popularity of Ivanhoe as a name for Masonic lodges, commandaries, and buildings. His novel, published in 1820, is set in the year 1194, and its hero helps restore Richard to the throne of England after many adventures. Sometimes viewed as the book that helped begin the fondness for modern historical fiction, it certainly inspired the Masons to name their organizations in honor of the medieval hero ... and in this case, their assemblages of sheet music.

Since its appearance in 1915, Freemasonry in Canada has been a starting point for any serious discussion of Canadian lodge history. It was remarkable in its time for covering not only developments in the Canadian provinces but also the course of special Masonic groups such as the Shrine and Royal Order of Scotland. While research has changed some perceptions, its usefulness and insights remain of primary importance when Canadian Freemasonry is discussed.

This volume, full of significant work on Freemasonry and kindred subjects, is the result of a bold effort to make the best in articles about fraternalism appearing in tongues other than English available to the English-speaking scholarly world. The productivity and sophistication of researchers in Europe has meant that important progress in the field has been neglected because of the language barrier. Bridging that gap, Pierre Mollier has brought to the editorship of the series his enormous knowledge as museum director, rare book librarian, and top archivist. The ecumenical goal of the project is shared with the World Conference on Fraternalism, meeting in Paris every two years in cooperation with the Bibliotheque nationale de France and the Museum of Freemasonry.

The tension in Freemasonry over its legendary and real origins and with its Enlightenment ethos in contrast with Christian views is apparent in this work by an Irish Episcopalian priest who came to American in the later part of the nineteenth century and immersed himself in Masonic study. Considering the passage of years, the overview provided remains remarkably insightful.

In 1928, the Masonic lodge that George Washington had presided over as Worshipful Master gathered anecdote about his connections with Alexandria, Virginia, and commissioned photographs of relics and places that provide unusual insights into his career. Not the least of these artifacts is the old clock from Washington's bedroom at Mt. Vernon, with the hands stopped by his doctor, Elisha Dick, at the time of his death. Anyone interested in American history will find this short monograph to be of value.