Bøger udgivet af WSPC (Europe)

The modelling of systems by differential equations usually requires that the parameters involved be completely known. Such models often originate from problems in physics or economics where we have insufficient information on parameter values. One important class of stochastic mathematical models is stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs), which can be seen as deterministic partial differential equations (PDEs) with finite or infinite dimensional stochastic processes - either with colour noise or white noise. Though white noise is a purely mathematical construction, it can be a good model for rapid random fluctuations.Stochastic Integral and Differential Equations in Mathematical Modelling concerns the analysis of discrete-time approximations for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Wiener processes. It also provides a theoretical basis for working with SDEs and stochastic processes.This book is written in a simple and clear mathematical logical language, with basic definitions and theorems on stochastic calculus provided from the outset. Each chapter contains illustrated examples via figures and tables. The reader can also construct new wavelets by using the procedure presented in the book. Stochastic Integral and Differential Equations in Mathematical Modelling fulfils the existing gap in the literature for a comprehensive account of this subject area.

Classical Deformation Theory is used for determining the completions of local rings of an eventual moduli space. When a moduli variety exists, the main result explored in the book is that the local ring in a closed point can be explicitly computed as an algebraization of the pro-representing hull, called the local formal moduli, of the deformation functor for the corresponding closed point.The book gives explicit computational methods and includes the most necessary prerequisites for understanding associative algebraic geometry. It focuses on the meaning and the place of deformation theory, resulting in a complete theory applicable to moduli theory. It answers the question "why moduli theory", and gives examples in mathematical physics by looking at the universe as a moduli of molecules, thereby giving a meaning to most noncommutative theories.The book contains the first explicit definition of a noncommutative scheme, not necessarily covered by commutative rings. This definition does not contradict any previous abstract definitions of noncommutative algebraic geometry, but sheds interesting light on other theories, which is left for further investigation.

The COVID-19 pandemic dominated the globe for at least three years, and infected a large proportion of the worldwide population. After the acute infection, many stay in poor health for months. The nature of this aftermath is not yet fully understood, therefore the management of this syndrome through biomedical therapy is not ideal. Health services are struggling to help those who are still suffering. The condition has now been recognised as post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) - providing a common platform for academic exchange.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been applied to similar conditions for over 2,000 years, including in the aftermath of previous pandemics, and this understanding of such conditions has been validated in clinical practice. In TCM, patterns are established to group the weakness, the residue of pathogens or interaction between pathogens and the defence system. Those patterns form the framework for understanding the illness after acute infections. The authors use this ancient understanding in their own contemporary practice, which is particularly rewarding when the illness within PCS is treated with acupuncture, Chinese herbs, and other therapies in tandem. This is the holistic TCM approach strongly recommended by the authors as they demonstrate great outcomes. The whole-system TCM approach for PCS is now presented in this book to health professions for PCS.

Hans von Storch and Nico Stehr, the authors of this anthology, reflect on the popular and scientific perception and construction of the phenomenon of climate, climate change, climate policy and the impact of climate on society. In the early 1990s, the authors encountered notable resistance to the idea of climate change, especially as they wrote about the urgent need for societal adaptation. Something is wrong with our planet, and it is obvious that this has to do with human conduct. Many, if not the majority, of countermeasures to climate impacts require the innovative capacity of science and technology. However, the translation of scientific knowledge into society is not an automatic or autonomous force. Moving science into society is subject to economic, political, and cultural constraints - a central issue of the book.Nico Stehr is a sociologist specializing in the theory of modern society and the sociology of knowledge; Hans von Storch is a mathematician and is also a physical climate scientist. Since the authors "inhabit" rather different scientific cultures, their collaboration is genuinely exemplary of transdisciplinary work. The book documents the interdisciplinary path and the wide range of themes that has occupied Nico Stehr and Hans von Storch during more than three decades of joint research and writing, which continues to benefit current research and reflection on the interrelation between nature, democracy, society, governance, and climate.

What is a plasmon? Is it a particle, like a photon or a wave? Plasmonics stands at the frontier of condensed matter physics, which is the world of electrons, optics and of photons. Plasmonics is one of the most active fields in nanophotonics. This book begins by exploring the concepts behind waves, and the electromagnetic description of light when it interacts with metals; it dedicates every chapter thereafter to all aspects of plasmonics. In particular, the surface plasmon polariton wave is explained in full detail, as well as the localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles. The active research area opened by plasmonics, as well as its applications, are also briefly explained, such as advanced biosensing, subwavelength waveguiding, quantum plasmonics, nanoparticle-based cancer therapies, optical nano-antenna and high-efficiency photovoltaic cells.The book is adapted for graduate students and places a special emphasis on providing complete explanations of the fundamental concepts of plasmonics. Further, each of these concepts is illustrated with examples drawn from the most recent scientific literature. Each chapter ends with a set of exercises that will help the reader revise the concepts and go deeper into the world of plasmonics. More than 70 exercises are included.

This book is a comprehensive collection of the main mathematical concepts, including definitions, theorems, tables, and formulas, that students of science and engineering will encounter in their studies and later careers. Handbook of Mathematical Concepts and Formulas introduces the latest mathematics in an easily accessible format. It familiarizes readers with key mathematical and logical reasoning, providing clear routes to approach questions and problems.Concepts covered include whole calculus, linear and abstract algebra, as well as analysis, applied math, mathematical statistics, and numerical analysis. The appendices address Mathematica and MATLAB programming, which contain simple programs for educational purposes, alongside more rigorous programs designed to solve problems of more real application.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has become a standard practice technique, and automated XPS facilities can be found in industry and in universities all over the world. This transformed XPS from an advanced characterization method for dedicated research, to a rather standard analysis technique of surface analysis. The catalyst's surface state is probably the most prominent factor that influences the catalytic performance. It is therefore no surprise that XPS has become an indispensable tool in studies of solid catalysts. It has been directly used to investigate issues such as the surface composition of the active catalyst and reaction and deactivation mechanisms.The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future perspectives of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy dedicated to catalytic applications, including thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo(electro)catalysis. The book contains 13 chapters, starting with the necessary introduction of the technique background, including basic phenomena and instrumentation aspects. The second part of the book focuses on the presentation of long-established applications of the technique, such as XPS studies of model catalysts. Finally, the book describes relatively recent developments of this method for cutting-edge surface characterization mainly using synchrotron X-ray radiation.

The Arctic's environment, economics and politics are changing rapidly, and the conflicting interests among stakeholders mean that it lacks sustainable political and military cooperation. States bordering the Arctic - Russia, Canada, the United States, and the Nordic countries - as well as those further afield - such as China and Japan - all recognize the economic benefits of the region, but struggle to address the security challenges and the potential environmental impact of activities conducted there. This book provides a snapshot of the subject areas connecting transport, environmental security, resource development, and military security, featuring new material written after Russia's second invasion of Ukraine.

Innovation analytics is an emerging paradigm that integrates information/knowledge, analytics, digital twins and artificial intelligence to support and manage the entire lifecycle of a product and process from inception, through engineering design and manufacture, to service and disposal of manufactured products. Innovation analytics is set to become an integral part of the innovation lifecycle to help make smart, agile decisions and accelerate business growth.Innovation Analytics: Tools for Competitive Advantage provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities behind the latest research surrounding technological advances driving innovation analytics; the transition of analytical ideas to interdisciplinary teams; the development of deep synchronicity of skills and production innovation; and the use of innovation analytics in multiple stages of product and process evolution.In exploring the impact of emerging developments in the current climate, researchers and academics will be able to gain insight into real-world usage of analytics for innovation and its contribution toward society. As such, students, scientists, engineers, academics, and management professionals alike will find this title beneficial.

Planetary Systems Now offers a broad, interdisciplinary perspective and introduction to the latest results from leading experts in each field. It offers an unusually wide range of research on topics both inside and outside of the solar system, as well as the most recent results from ongoing ground- and space-based investigations. Experts in their field come together in this volume to discuss solar system exploration with its most recent space missions, theories and evidence concerning planetary system formation, and the nature and formation of exoplanets and exoplanetary systems.Including both questions and answers, this book is intended to be a readable, heavily-illustrated stepping-off point for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scientists beginning research in planetary and exoplanetary science topics.

Mathematical models are very much in the news now, as they are used to make decisions about our response to such vital areas as COVID-19 and climate change. Frequently, they are blamed for a series of dubious decisions, creating much concern amongst the general public. However, without mathematical models, we would have none of the modern technology that we take for granted, nor would we have modern health care, be able to forecast the climate, cook a potato, have electricity to power our home, or go into space.By explaining technical mathematical concepts in a way that everyone can understand and appreciate, Climate, Chaos and COVID: How Mathematical Models Describe the Universe sets the record straight and lifts the lid off the mystery of mathematical models. It shows why they work, how good they can be, the advantages and disadvantages of using them and how they make the modern world possible. The readers will be able to see the impact that the use of these models has on their lives, and will be able to appreciate both their power and their limitations.The book includes a very large number of both short and long case studies, many of which are taken directly from the author's own experiences of working as a mathematical modeller in academia, in industry, and between the two. These include COVID-19 and climate and how maths saves the whales, powers our home, gives us the material we need to live, and takes us into space.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 and Long COVID will remain conditions of great concern for medical practitioners for the foreseeable future. Mainstream treatments recommended for less severe cases of COVID-19 infection include isolation and taking over-the-counter or prescription painkillers, while more severe cases may require hospitalization and treatments such as ventilation. The long-term impact of post-viral conditions such as Long COVID is only beginning to emerge, and so far no effective biomedical treatment methods have been identified.Mainstream treatment is effective, but to what extent? Is there another course of treatment available for patients who do not respond well to mainstream treatments? Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an alternative, due to its history of effectiveness in treating various viral infections such as hepatitis, mumps, the common cold, and herpes zoster. Yet although TCM has advantages in effectively regulating immunity, few practitioners have enough advanced knowledge in treating COVID-19 and Long COVID using TCM methods. This book aims to provide TCM practitioners with comprehensive, elaborate, and up-to-date information and training to manage COVID-19 and Long COVID complaints. Each chapter provides detailed discussions on complete clinical patterns of COVID-19, wide coverage on Long COVID treatments, Chinese herbs and its corresponding acupuncture treatment, provision of various clinical modifications and valuable clinical case studies.

This book aims to provide insights on the latest developments in Financial Technology (FinTech). It is a collection of scientific articles covering the primary areas of finance. The following key themes are covered in the book: Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, FinTech Regulation and Smart Contracts, Cryptocurrencies, and FinTech in Financial Services. FinTech is a rapidly developing industry that uses technological innovations to improve financial activities and make financial services more accessible and affordable to businesses and individuals. This book contributes to the body of knowledge in FinTech, offering readers a chance to review and rethink the topics in question.