Bøger udgivet af WSPC

Graphene-like materials have attracted considerable interest in the fields of condensed-matter physics, chemistry, and materials science due to their interesting properties as well as the promise of a broad range of applications in energy storage, electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic devices.The contents present the diverse phenomena under development in the grand quasiparticle framework through the first-principles calculations. The critical mechanisms, the orbital hybridizations and spin configurations of graphene-like materials through the chemical adsorptions, intercalations, substitutions, decorations, and heterojunctions, are taken into account. Specifically, the hydrogen-, oxygen-, transition-metal- and rare-earth-dependent compounds are thoroughly explored for the unusual spin distributions. The developed theoretical framework yields concise physical, chemical, and material pictures. The delicate evaluations are thoroughly conducted on the optimal lattices, the atom- and spin-dominated energy bands, the orbital-dependent sub-envelope functions, the spatial charge distributions, the atom- orbital- and spin-projected density of states, the spin densities, the magnetic moments, and the rich optical excitations. All consistent quantities are successfully identified by the multi-orbital hybridizations in various chemical bonds and guest- and host-induced spin configurations.The scope of the book is sufficiently broad and deep in terms of the geometric, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D graphene-like materials with different kinds of chemical modifications. How to evaluate and analyze the first-principles results is discussed in detail. The development of the theoretical framework, which can present the diversified physical, chemical, and material phenomena, is obviously illustrated for each unusual condensed-matter system. To achieve concise physical and chemical pictures, the direct and close combinations of the numerical simulations and the phenomenological models are made frequently available via thorough discussions. It provides an obvious strategy for the theoretical framework, very useful for science and engineering communities.

This book is part of a series of ongoing volumes in the Series on Chemistry, Energy and the Environment, edited by Karl Kadish and Roger Guilard. The current volume on Electrochemistry of Metalloporphyrins covers all aspects of porphyrin electrochemistry in nonaqueous media and should be of benefit and interest to beginning graduate students as well as experienced researchers in many fields of porphyrin chemistry where electrochemistry is known to play a key role in influencing properties of the compounds as well as mechanisms and biological functions. The first half of the book is aimed at non-experts in the field of electrochemistry who would like to begin studies on porphyrin electrochemistry or understand the literature on porphyrin electrochemistry and this is then followed by detailed examples of how changes in the central metal ion of a given metalloporphyrin will affect its redox properties. The scope of the work covers the period in the literature between the mid-1960s and mid-2022 and expands greatly upon several earlier reviews by the senior author which are no longer in print and were never accessible in electronic form. This is the only book of its kind in the field which covers the basic electrochemistry of metalloporphyrins as well as describes the published data as a function of the central metal ion, considering all elements in the periodic table.

We are now at a point where "analytical advances" permit researchers to theoretically and empirically formulate, model, and test many of the ideas pertaining to the working of Richard Florida's "creative class" in interesting and new ways. The kind of advances we have in mind include, but are not limited to, recent developments in growth theory in economics, improvements in statistics and in regional science that permit researchers to analyze data in novel ways, and progress in computer science that allows researchers to take advantage of, for instance, natural language processing. The objective of this book is to demonstrate how new analytical advances permit one to have a richer and more nuanced understanding of the ways in which the creative class has functioned and the ways in which its abilities can be harnessed for the betterment of society at large.

There is an extensive literature in the form of papers (but no books) on lattice dynamical systems. The book focuses on dissipative lattice dynamical systems and their attractors of various forms such as autonomous, nonautonomous and random. The existence of such attractors is established by showing that the corresponding dynamical system has an appropriate kind of absorbing set and is asymptotically compact in some way.There is now a very large literature on lattice dynamical systems, especially on attractors of all kinds in such systems. We cannot hope to do justice to all of them here. Instead, we have focused on key areas of representative types of lattice systems and various types of attractors. Our selection is biased by our own interests, in particular to those dealing with biological applications. One of the important results is the approximation of Heaviside switching functions in LDS by sigmoidal functions.Nevertheless, we believe that this book will provide the reader with a solid introduction to the field, its main results and the methods that are used to obtain them.

Energy has been both a driving force behind human civilizations and the source of so many conflicts and wars around the world. Today, it remains a major element which guides both economic and political decisions. Yet despite its huge influence on human life, energy remains an immense subject which is, in many ways, a purely abstract one to most of us; after all, nobody has actually seen what a kilowatt-hour looks like (though we may have seen what its output can do in the form of the appliances it powers).This book is designed to provide readers with a general understanding of energy. No background in related fields in higher education are needed. It explores the topic by beginning with what "energy" means and where it comes from; the different forms of energy we currently known and when they were discovered; as well as the innovative breakthroughs and historical milestones which followed their discovery. It then expounds on how each newly discovered form of energy with the use of increased scientific and engineering knowhow needed for these discoveries, and their impacts that have powered our evolution of human civilizations, before arriving at the central concern of the 21st century: how long will humanity's access to energy last?

In recent years, information technologies such as mobile payment, search engines, cloud computing and internet finance have developed rapidly. This has greatly impacted the structure of the financial market, and is set to bring about deep changes to the global financial industry. At the same time, the advent of the digital economy has brought about more challenges to the services and products of internet finance and financial supervision.This book contains the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Internet Finance and Digital Economy (ICIFDE 2022), which focus on how existing computer and information technology can be used to solve the problems of financial services in the era of digital economy. The chapters in this volume seek to provide technical solutions to the current digital financial transaction system, data processing in the digital economy and various forms of digital transactions or financing systems. Additionally, traditional research is combined with current cutting-edge technology in proposing new developments for the finance industry.

In recent decades, scientists have done a lot of research to find ways to make use of solar energy. One of the most direct ways is to use solar cell to transform sunshine into electricity. So what are the current products that use solar energy? And what can humans do with solar energy in the future?This book is a compilation of the series of 'Dialogues With Great Chinese Scientists', where several great scientists in different research files were invited to share their stories and scientific knowledge. It is meant to inspire more students to become great scientists in the future.

From every angle, the world has faced unprecedented change over the past two years. Academics will be dissecting the nuance of the COVID-19 Crisis for decades to come. Yet, for all the promises of research and data, we must understand that the full impact of the pandemic - from child development and college football seasons to healthcare breakthroughs and the future of the film industry - will not be known for at least a generation.This book focuses on the business lessons we have learned since the pandemic began in early 2020. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to examining the effects of COVID-19 on multiple aspects of business, such as marketing and finance. At the same time, it stresses the need to consider the human element of business above all else, showing that people are the most important piece of what has become a devastating and unpredictable puzzle.

Scientific progress during the last three decades has greatly profited from our advances in understanding complex systems. Fundamental modeling approaches were considerably improved, particularly agent-based modeling, network science, nonlinear dynamics, and system science. At the same time, these approaches have been applied to and adopted by various scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to engineering, molecular biology, economics, and the social sciences.This book reflects the success of complexity science both from a historical and a modeling perspective. It uses 25 articles from different disciplines, published over 25 years, to demonstrate the power and problems of modeling complex systems.The book's four parts, Agent-based Models, Network Models, Models of System Dynamics, and Models of Evolution, each provide an informative synopsis of the respective modeling approach. An introductory overview summarizes each approach's essential concepts, addresses the main research directions, and reviews applications in various disciplines. The selection of reprinted publications is motivated by their scientific relevance and methodological contributions to understanding complex phenomena. A chronological list of publications details the development of each modeling approach over the past 25 years.

Psychologists and correctional rehabilitation specialists in the Psychological and Correctional Rehabilitation Division of the Singapore Prison Service have been instrumental in designing and delivering the rehabilitation work with offenders. This book seeks to capture these experiences in the area of rehabilitation, and the anecdotal experiences working with different groups of offenders on the ground.It provides a first-hand look at the application of offender rehabilitation principles in practice. It also provides details on the experiences and challenges of working in a correctional context through the anecdotal sharing. To this end, the book aims to provide a practical and practitioner lens, overlaid with theoretical concepts, to the practice of correctional rehabilitation. While there have been experiences and insights documented, this will be the first book that documents the anecdotal experiences in Singapore Prison Service.

"Non-coding RNA Transcripts in Cancer Therapy: Pre-clinical and Clinical Implications" provides a new insight towards role of non-coding RNAs molecules including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in cancer. The reason of focusing on cancer is that this malignant disease is responsible for high death around the world and after cardiovascular diseases, it is a leading cause of death. In the current book, the basic information and knowledge about ncRNAs, their biogenesis and their biological functions are covered. It is shown that ncRNAs can regulate expression level of genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and therefore, ncRNAs are master and key players in molecular pathways. Then, the impact of regulation of molecular pathways by ncRNAs on important molecular mechanisms such as proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and autophagy are described. All of these aspects are integrated in cancer and for treatment of this disease. In case of miRNAs, their biogenesis and biological functions in physiological conditions are described. Then, impact of miRNAs on proliferation, metastasis, therapy response (drug resistance and radio-resistance) is described. For lncRNAs and circRNAs, a same way is followed and their biogenesis and functional roles in cells are discussed. At the next step, function of lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulating proliferation, metastasis and therapy response (chemoresistance and radio-resistance) is introduced. These subjects are discussed based on pre-clinical studies and in order to make the book more comprehensive and broaden its scope, the function of exosomal ncRNAs in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients is described.

What do economic chaos and uncertainties mean in rational or irrational economic theories? How do simple deterministic interactions among a few variables lead to unpredictable complex phenomena? Why is complexity of economies causing so many conflicts and confusions worldwide?This book provides a comprehensive introduction to recent developments of complexity theory in economics. It presents different models based on well-accepted economic mechanisms such as the Solow model, Ramsey model, and Lucas model. It is focused on presenting complex behaviors, such as business cycles, aperiodic motion, bifurcations, catastrophes, chaos, and hidden attractors, in basic economic models with nonlinear behavior. It shows how complex nonlinear phenomena are identified from various economic mechanisms and theories. These models demonstrate that the traditional or dominant economic views on evolution of, for instance, capitalism market, free competition, or Keynesian economics, are not generally valid. Markets are unpredictable and nobody knows with certainty the consequences of policies or other external factors in economic systems with simple interactions.

This comprehensive book systematically introduces Dynamic Data Driven Simulation (DDDS) as a new simulation paradigm that makes real-time data and simulation model work together to enable simulation-based prediction/analysis.The text is significantly dedicated to introducing data assimilation as an enabling technique for DDDS. While data assimilation has been studied in other science fields (e.g., meteorology, oceanography), it is a new topic for the modeling and simulation community.This unique reference text bridges the two study areas of data assimilation and modelling and simulation, which have been developed largely independently from each other.

Hilbert-type inequalities, including Hilbert's inequalities proved in 1908, Hardy-Hilbert-type inequalities proved in 1934, and Yang-Hilbert-type inequalities first proved around 1998, play an important role in analysis and its applications. These inequalities are mainly divided in three classes: integral, discrete and half-discrete. During the last twenty years, there have been many research advances on Hilbert-type inequalities, and especially on Yang-Hilbert-type inequalities.In the present monograph, applying weight functions, the idea of parametrization as well as techniques of real analysis and functional analysis, we prove some new Hilbert-type integral inequalities as well as their reverses with parameters. These inequalities constitute extensions of the well-known Hardy-Hilbert integral inequality. The equivalent forms and some equivalent statements of the best possible constant factors associated with several parameters are considered. Furthermore, we also obtain the operator expressions with the norm and some particular inequalities involving the Riemann-zeta function and the Hurwitz-zeta function. In the form of applications, by means of the beta function and the gamma function, we use the extended Hardy-Hilbert integral inequalities to consider several Hilbert-type integral inequalities involving derivative functions and upper limit functions. In the last chapter, we consider the case of Hardy-type integral inequalities. The lemmas and theorems within provide an extensive account of these kinds of integral inequalities and operators.Efforts have been made for this monograph hopefully to be useful, especially to graduate students of mathematics, physics and engineering, as well as researchers in these domains.

The book focuses on the study of the temporal behavior of complex many-particle systems. The phenomenon of time and its role in the temporal evolution of complex systems is a remaining mystery. The book presents the necessity of the interdisciplinary point of view regarding on the phenomenon of time.The aim of the present study is to summarize and formulate in a concise but clear form the trends and approaches to the concept of time from a broad interdisciplinary perspective exposing tersely the complementary approaches and theories of time in the context of thermodynamics, statistical physics, cosmology, theory of information, biology and biophysics, including the problem of time and aging. Various approaches to the problem show that time is an extraordinarily interdisciplinary and multifaceted underlying notion which plays an extremely important role in various natural complex processes.

Historians have not convincingly explained modern capitalism's two major economic crises, the Great Depression of the 1930s, and the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008-2009. Accounting for Crises offers a new explanation, why both began and were more severe in the USA ("America"), based on an accounting interpretation of Marx's theory of crises. It explains their origins in capitalists' control of accumulation, which reveals important overlooked roles for Irving Fisher's accounting theory. This theory, by allowing discretion in accounts, in the context of falling rates of profit, encouraged "swindling", overstating reported profits, and understating their risk, which facilitated and aggravated both crises. Framed by Fisher's theory, during the 1920s American accounting theorists justified discretion, which Creating the "Big Mess" (the companion volume) concluded it management used to conservatively smooth earnings. Accounting for Crises shows that Fisher's theory , also underlays the popular new theory of investment that justified valuing shares using reported earnings, which encouraged their manipulation and legitimized "speculation". This, it argues, underlays America's exceptional late-1920s stock market boom, the 1929 Great Crash, and the depth and length of its Great Depression. Prominently associated with the boom, Fisher became unpopular after the crash, his name disappearing from public debate. Nevertheless, the book concludes, his theory hindered economic recovery, weakened 1930s reforms, undermined accounting regulation from the late-1930s, and following his rehabilitation from the late-1950s, underlies the Financial Accounting Standards Board's conceptual framework, which by allowing off-balance-sheet accounting for securitization-SPEs, fostered the 2007 "credit crunch" that triggered the 2008-2009 Global Financial Crisis (GFC).

This introductory book contains a rich collection of exercises and worked examples in Metric Spaces. Other than questions in the traditional setting, plenty of True-or-False type questions and open-ended questions are included. With detailed solutions, these are highly effective in helping students gain a bird's eye view and master the subject and pitfalls better. The presentation is clear in nurturing the mathematical insights and mathematical maturity of the readers.In this book, the pictorialization or visualization of abstract situations into simple pictures is very often crucially conducive to the understanding of the materials. This serves to give an insightful view of the intricate problems, as well as a clue or a direction to formulate rigorous arguments.The learning outcomes include:Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the basic features of mathematical analysis and point set topology (e.g., able to identify objects that are topologically equivalent);Apply knowledge and skills acquired in mathematical analysis to analyze and handle novel situations in a critical way (e.g., able to determine whether a specific function is uniformly continuous);Think creatively and laterally to generate innovative examples and solutions to non-standard problems (e.g., able to construct counterexamples to inaccurate mathematical statements).Acquire sufficient background for further studies in Functional Analysis, Real Analysis, Differential Geometry, Complex Analysis, Algebraic Geometry, Probability Theory, Mathematical Physics, Economics, and others.

This book proposes various deep learning models featuring how deep learning algorithms have been applied and used in real-life settings. The complexity of real-world scenarios and constraints imposed by the environment, together with budgetary and resource limitations, have posed great challenges to engineers and developers alike, to come up with solutions to meet these demands. This book presents case studies undertaken by its contributors to overcome these problems. These studies can be used as references for designers when applying deep learning in solving real-world problems in the areas of vision, signals, and networks.The contents of this book are divided into three parts. In the first part, AI vision applications in plant disease diagnostics, PM2.5 concentration estimation, surface defect detection, and ship plate identification, are featured. The second part introduces deep learning applications in signal processing; such as time series classification, broad-learning based signal modulation recognition, and graph neural network (GNN) based modulation recognition. Finally, the last section of the book reports on graph embedding applications and GNN in AI for networks; such as an end-to-end graph embedding method for dispute detection, an autonomous System-GNN architecture to infer the relationship between Apache software, a Ponzi scheme detection framework to identify and detect Ponzi schemes, and a GNN application to predict molecular biological activities.

In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks for oppression and calamity. In response, researchers and organizations have been working to publish principles and develop AI regulations for the responsible use of AI in consequential application domains. However, these theoretically formulated principles and regulations also need to be turned into actionable algorithms to materialize AI for good.This book introduces a unified perspective of Socially Responsible AI to help bridge conceptual AI principles to responsible AI practice. It begins with an interdisciplinary definition of socially responsible AI and the AI responsibility pyramid. Existing efforts seeking to materialize the mainstream responsible AI principles are then presented. The book also discusses how to leverage advanced AI techniques to address the challenging societal issues through Protecting, Informing, and Preventing, and concludes with open problems and challenges.This book serves as a convenient entry point for researchers, practitioners, and students to understand the problems and challenges of socially responsible AI, and to identify how their areas of expertise can contribute to making AI socially responsible.

Celebrating Entrepreneurs is a first-hand account of the past, present, and future of entrepreneurship at MIT from the man who has led those endeavors since the beginning.Edward B. Roberts has created a history of the seminal role of MIT's faculty and alumni in transforming entrepreneurship into a discipline worthy of rigorous academic study; and forming and building the many organizations that constitute the "MIT entrepreneurial ecosystem". They in turn nurtured the founding and investing in thousands of start-up companies that pioneered new industries. MIT spinoff firms annually generate multiple trillions of dollars of global revenues, employing several million people worldwide!Structured in two parts, the book first showcases how the unique atmosphere at MIT encourages its innovative entrepreneurs to thrive. Then, with in-depth coverage of the founders and companies that pioneered four industries - biotechnology, the Internet, from CAD-CAM to robotics, and modern finance - plus many other successful firms, Professor Roberts analyzes how MIT's most successful entrepreneurs have capitalized on that environment and culture to build companies that have lasted for decades. Both internal and external to MIT, the founders of these organizations and companies tell their own stories, describing their motivations, challenges, and outcomes.

In a world of unprecedented disruption and market turbulence, business transformation revolves around the need to generate new values, unlock new opportunities, drive new growth, and deliver new efficiencies.The world is witnessing volatility in the environment, in technology, in the economy and in society. 'Business as usual' is no longer acceptable, and the pertinent question is how long can humanity continue pursuing consumption and growth predicated on ever-increasing efficiency. The Coronavirus pandemic has amplified concerns about the highly digitized, interconnected, and vulnerable state of the global economy, the relationship with nature, and the prospects for each living being on this planet, including people, to survive and to thrive. To navigate and survive the coming decade of transformative change, every business will need to harness all the ingenuity, creativity and imagination they can muster. Corporate leaders and entrepreneurs will be required to steer their businesses towards a new model of prosperity, based on green and regenerative principles. It is time for leaders in business to overhaul their purpose, plans and strategies for this new context and explore different futures, engage with new partners and create space for experimentation. The only way to prepare for the future is to explore how companies, especially medium and small enterprises as well as women led businesses can transform their future strategies to be more compatible with challenges such as cyber security, human security, ethical principles and financial transparency.This book presents a collection of empirical and original research papers on evolving business strategies within a dynamic global environment to provide valuable insights to scholars, academicians, practitioners, policymakers and students.

What is the secret of effective government in today's complex and turbulent world?In this collection of essays written for Singapore's leading news organisations, public policy practitioner turned academic Terence Ho trains his focus on the issues of the day: education, demographics, economic growth, inflation, taxes and social support, among others.In unpacking these issues and what they mean for Singapore, Terence distils policy principles relevant to societies across the world as they grapple with the challenges of rising inequality, political polarisation, technological disruption, climate change and more.The essays in this collection draw insights from the author's nearly two decades of experience in Singapore's Public Service, recognised as one of the world's most innovative. They open a window into the future of governance in Singapore and beyond.

The thematic program Quantum and Kinetic Problems: Modeling, Analysis, Numerics and Applications was held at the Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore, from September 2019 to March 2020. Leading experts presented tutorials and special lectures geared towards the participating graduate students and junior researchers.Readers will find in this significant volume four expanded lecture notes with self-contained tutorials on modeling and simulation for collective dynamics including individual and population approaches for population dynamics in mathematical biology, collective behaviors for Lohe type aggregation models, mean-field particle swarm optimization, and consensus-based optimization and ensemble Kalman inversion for global optimization problems with constraints.This volume serves to inspire graduate students and researchers who will embark into original research work in kinetic models for collective dynamics and their applications.

The Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore hosted a thematic program on Quantum and Kinetic Problems: Modeling, Analysis, Numerics and Applications from September 2019 to March 2020. As an important part of the program, tutorials and special lectures were given by leading experts in the fields for participating graduate students and junior researchers.This invaluable volume collects six expanded lecture notes with self-contained tutorials. The coverage includes mathematical models and numerical methods for multidimensional solitons in linear and nonlinear potentials; Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) with dipole-dipole interaction, higher order interaction and spin-orbit coupling; classical and quantum turbulence; and molecular dynamics process based on the first-principle in quantum chemistry.This volume serves to inspire graduate students and researchers who will embark into original research work in these fields.