Sprogfilosofi

An exploration of the practice of inventing languages, from speaking in tongues to utopian schemes of universality to the discoveries of modern linguistics.In Imaginary Languages, Marina Yaguello explores the history and practice of inventing languages, from religious speaking in tongues to politically utopian schemes of universality to the discoveries of modern linguistics. She looks for imagined languages that are autonomous systems, complete unto themselves and meant for communal use; imaginary, and therefore unlike both natural languages and historically attested languages; and products of an individual effort to lay hold of language. Inventors of languages, Yaguello writes, are madly in love: they love an object that belongs to them only to the extent that they also share it with a community.Yaguello investigates the sources of imaginary languages, in myths, dreams, and utopias. She takes readers on a tour of languages invented in literature from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, including that in More’s Utopia, Leibniz’s “algebra of thought,” and Bulwer-Lytton’s linguistic fiction. She examines the linguistic fantasies (or madness) of Georgian linguist Nikolai Marr and Swiss medium Hélène Smith; and considers the quest for the true philosophical language. Yaguello finds two abiding (and somewhat contradictory) forces: the diversity of linguistic experience, which stands opposed to unifying endeavors, and, on the other hand, features shared by all languages (natural or not) and their users, which justifies the universalist hypothesis.Recent years have seen something of a boom in invented languages, whether artificial languages meant to facilitate international communication or imagined languages constructed as part of science fiction worlds. In Imaginary Languages (an updated and expanded version of the earlier Les Fous du langage, published in English as Lunatic Lovers of Language), Yaguello shows that the invention of language is above all a passionate, dizzying labor of love.

A Certain Gesture: Evnine's Batman Meme Project and Its Parerga! is an entirely original kind of work. It takes the form of commentaries on memes made with the image of Batman slapping Robin. The commentaries are written as if they were not authored by the same person who made the memes, allowing the author to consider himself and his work from the outside. The book defies genre by mixing discussions of philosophy, psychoanalysis, Judaism, language, and representation with self-writing and autotheory. These are juxtaposed like the items in a cabinet of curiosities or topics in an analytic patient's free association. Both pre-modern and post-modern in its inspiration, it is cerebral, playful, social, and intensely personal. It contains philosophy, including original philosophical research, but also explores new ways of doing and thinking about philosophy.

This Element argues that aesthetics broadly conceived plays a significant role in Wittgenstein's philosophy. In doing so, it draws on the interpretative tradition that emphasizes affinities between Wittgenstein's thought and Kant's philosophy. Following the chronology of Wittgenstein's philosophical work, this Element addresses Wittgenstein's early equation between ethics and aesthetics, his middle-period discussion on the normative character of aesthetic judgments and the possibility of their justification, and his later comparison between language and music. As a whole, it traces a continuous line of thought pertaining to a non-conceptual form of encounter with reality, which is developed in close conjunction with aesthetics and contributes to Wittgenstein's understanding of language and the method of philosophy throughout his career.

"Bringing together research from both sociolinguistics and semantics, this pioneering book presents a new framework for studying the relation between language, ideologies and the social world. It is essential reading for sociolinguists interested in meaning, and semanticists and philosophers interested in language in its social context"--

Gottlob Frege (1848-1925), begründete nicht nur die moderne Logik, sondern auch die Sprachphilosophie. Er erweiterte die funktionale Analyse der Sätze zu einer Systematik des gesamten sprachlichen Bedeutens und Ausdrucks, indem er zwischen den Zeichen selbst, dem Sinn und der Bedeutung der Zeichen unterschied. Dieser Band versammelt Kommentare und Analysen zu den drei klassischen Aufsätzen Funktion und Begriff (1891), Über Sinn und Bedeutung und Über Begriff und Gegenstand (beide 1892). Er verschafft dadurch einen fundierten Überblick sowohl zu den Kernproblemen wie auch den Hintergründen von Freges bis heute kontrovers diskutiertem Ansatz. Dabei wird die enge Verzahntheit zwischen dem logischen Hintergrund und Freges logizistischem Anliegen einerseits und den Vorschlägen zur Deutung einer ganzen Reihe von sprachlichen Erscheinungen erkennbar. Dazu gehören Fragen nach dem Wesen von Begriff und Gegenstand bzw. Prädikaten und Eigennamen als den Grundelementen jeder Aussage überhaupt - aber auch Erläuterungen zu indirekter Rede und fiktionalem Diskurs. Der vorliegende Band bietet dazu informierte Kommentare und Analysen.

A new vision for activist curatorial practice. In Pidginization as Curatorial Method: Messing with Languages and Praxes, renowned curator and director Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung proposes Pidgin languages as expressions of resistance to settler colonialism and pidginization as a way to approach curating (and the world), creating new spaces for encounter, knowledge, and pluralities. Deftly deploying the thinking, writing, and rhythmic beat of musicians, philosophers, linguists, poets, and novelists, Ndikung offers a new vision for activist curatorial practice and beyond. This is the third volume of the series Thoughts on Curating, edited by Steven Henry Madoff.

This book explores the impact of the year 1929 on the development of Wittgenstein's thought. The contributors generate important new insights for understanding Wittgenstein's philosophy and his place in the history of analytic philosophy.

This book focuses on how we should treat philosophy's theoretical representations. It argues in favor of an instrumentalist attitude towards pivotal cases of theoretical representation in philosophy that are commonly regarded under a realist attitude.

This is the first book to offer a philosophical engagement with microaggressions. It aims to provide an intersectional analysis of microaggressions that cuts across multiple dimensions of oppression and marginalization, and to engage a variety of perspectives that have been sidelined within the discipline of philosophy. The volume gathers a diverse group of contributors: philosophers of color, philosophers with disabilities, philosophers of various nationalities and ethnicities, and philosophers of several gender identities. Their unique frames of analysis articulate both how the concept of microaggressions can be used to clarify and sharpen our understanding of subtler aspects of oppression and how analysis, expansion, and reconceiving the notion of a microaggression can deepen and extend its explanatory power. The essays in the volume seek to defend microaggressions from common critiques and to explain their impact beyond the context of college students. Some of the guiding questions that this volume explores include, but are not limited to, the following: Can microaggressions be established as a viable scientific concept? What roles do microaggressions play in other oppressive phenomena like transphobia, fat phobia, and abelism? How can epistemological challenges around microaggressions be addressed via feminist theory, critical race theory, disability theory, or epistemologies of ignorance? What insights can be gleaned from intersectional analyses of microaggressions? Are there domain-specific analyses of microaggressions that would give insight to features of that domain, i.e. microaggressions related to sexuality, athletics, immigration status, national origin, body type, or ability.Microaggressions and Philosophy features cutting-edge research on an important topic that will appeal to a wide range of students and scholars across disciplines. It includes perspectives from philosophy of psychology, empirically informed philosophy, feminist philosophy, critical race theory, disability theory, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, and social and political philosophy.

This book builds a case for how social norms are neither mere conventions nor are they merely anthropological phenomena, which are relativistic. In other words, it talks about how socio-political norms are built out of our natural social behaviour but at the same time also have objective normative validity.

This volume provides an overview of experimental methods, approaches, and techniques used by field linguists of the Russian school, and highlights the fieldwork experience of Russian scholars working in regions with a range of languages that differ genetically, typologically, and in the degree of their preservation.The collection presents language and sociolinguistic data relating to fieldwork in diverse languages: Uralic, Altaic, Paleo-Siberian, Yeniseian, Indo-European Iranian, Vietic, Kra-Day, and Mayan languages, as well as pidgin.The authors highlight the fieldwork techniques they use, and the principles underlying them.The volume's multidisciplinary approach covers linguistic, ethnolinguistic, sociolinguistic, educational, and ethnocultural issues. The authors explore problems associated with the study of minority languages and indicate diverse and creative techniques for data elicitation. Close collaboration with speakers lies at the core of their approach. The collection presents strategies for eliciting systems of knowledge from mother-tongue speakers, triggering linguistic self-awareness, and providing semantic and morphosyntactic context for their languages.This publication is intended for academics, and for specialists in the field of linguistics and minority and indigenous languages. It will also benefit students as a guide to field research, as well as language activists, interested in documenting and preserving their mother tongue.

S¿ khai phá c¿a tôi v¿ ch¿ nòng n¿c vòng tròn-que nói chung và ch¿ nòng n¿c vòng tròn-que trên tr¿ng ¿¿ng ¿ông S¿n nói riêng m¿ ra m¿t cánh c¿a giúp cho các nhà nghiên c¿u các n¿n v¿n minh v¿n hóa c¿ và các tôn giáo l¿n c¿a nhân löi. Các h¿c gi¿ th¿ gi¿i hi¿n nay hi¿n ¿ang nhìn các n¿n v¿n hóa c¿ và các tôn giáo l¿n hi¿n nay c¿a nhân löi qua con m¿t c¿a m¿t ng¿¿i ch¿t m¿t, ch¿ nhìn theo m¿t con m¿t ph¿i t¿c theo duy d¿¿ngc¿a con ng¿¿i s¿ng trong xã h¿i ph¿ quy¿n c¿c ¿oan ngày nay. Các nhà làm v¿n hóa Vi¿t Nam hi¿n nay di¿n gi¿i v¿n hóa, truy¿n thuy¿t và c¿ s¿ Vi¿t c¿ng v¿y. Th¿¿ng di¿n gi¿i và d¿y các th¿ h¿ tr¿ theo duy t¿c, theo ¿¿¿¿ nh cách khích ¿¿ng lòng ái qüc m¿t cách t¿y não, m¿ dân, ru ng¿ dân Vi¿t vào mê ¿¿¿¿ n, d¿ ¿oan...Xin hãy nghiên c¿u các n¿n v¿n hóa c¿ và các tôn giáo l¿n hi¿n nay c¿a nhân löi b¿ng c¿ hai con m¿t trái và ph¿i, nòng và n¿c, âm và d¿¿ng, theo d¿ch nòng n¿c thì m¿i th¿u tri¿t toàn v¿n và tránh kh¿i tr¿ thành nh¿ng ông th¿y bói s¿ voi. Xin hãy d¿a vào ch¿ nòng n¿c vòng tròn-que, ph¿n l¿n còn th¿y rõ trên tr¿ng ¿¿ng âm d¿¿ng ¿ông S¿n mà gi¿i ¿¿c các n¿n v¿n minh, v¿n hóa c¿ và c¿a các tôn giáo l¿n c¿a loài ng¿¿i.Nguy¿n Xuân Quang