Sprogfilosofi

In this study of Toni Morrison's writing, Lawrie Balfour explores the idea of freedom through Morrison's novels and nonfiction. Morrison's writing illuminates the meanings of freedom and unfreedom in a democratic society founded on both the defense of liberty and the right to enslavement. Balfour considers how Morrison's writing ignites new ways of being free in the shadow of racial slavery and colonialism.

Normalerweise ist es im Sommer warm. Doch was heißt eigentlich ?normalerweise?? Mit dieser Fragestellung beschäftigt sich die Autorin dieses Buches. Dabei unterscheidet sie statistische von nicht-statistischen Deutungen. Im Lichte dieser Unterscheidung wird die Frage nach der Bedeutung von Normalität aus der philosophisch-logischen Sicht beleuchtet und ein Beitrag zur interdisziplinären Diskussion um die Thematik geleistet.

This Handbook offers students and more advanced readers a valuable resource for understanding linguistic reference; the relation between an expression (word, phrase, sentence) and what that expression is about. The volume's forty-one original chapters, written by many of today's leading philosophers of language, are organized into ten parts:I Early Descriptive TheoriesII Causal Theories of ReferenceIII Causal Theories and Cognitive SignificanceIV Alternate TheoriesV Two-Dimensional SemanticsVI Natural Kind Terms and RigidityVII The Empty CaseVIII Singular (De Re) ThoughtsIX IndexicalsX Epistemology of Reference¿Contributions consider what kinds of expressions actually refer (names, general terms, indexicals, empty terms, sentences), what referring expressions refer to, what makes an expression refer to whatever it does, connections between meaning and reference, and how we know facts about reference. Many contributions also develop connections between linguistic reference and issues in metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science.

Recognizing the dominance of neoliberal forces in education, this volume offers a range of critical essays which analyze the language used to underpin these dynamics.Combining essays from over 20 internationally renowned contributors, this text offers a critical examination of key terms which have become increasingly central to educational discourse. Each essay considers the etymological foundation of each term, the context in which they have evolved, and likewise their changed meaning. In doing so, these essays illustrate the transformative potential of language to express or challenge political, social, and economic ideologies. The text's musings on the language of education and its implications for the current and future role of education in society make clear its relevance to today's cultural and political landscape.This exploratory monograph will be of interest to doctoral students, researchers, and scholars with an interest in the philosophy of education, educational policy and politics, as well as the sociology of education and the impacts of neoliberalism.

This book defends a novel view of mental representation-of how, as thinkers, we represent the world as being. The book serves as a response to two problems in the philosophy of mind. One is the problem of first-personal, or egocentric, belief: how can we have truly first personal beliefs-beliefs in which we think about ourselves as ourselves-given that beliefs are supposed to be attitudes towards propositions and that propositions are supposed to have their truth values independent of a perspective? The other problem is  how we can think about nonexistents (e.g., Santa Claus) given the widespread view that thought essentially involves a relation between a thinker and whatever is being thought about. The standard responses to this puzzle are either to deny that thought is essentially relational or to insist that it is possible to stand in relations to nonexistents. This book offers an error theory to the problem.The responses from this book arise from the same commitment: a commitment to treating talk of propositions-as the things towards which our beliefs are attitudes-as talk of entities that actually exist and that play a constitutive and explanatory role in the activity of thought. 

The essays in this volume investigate the question of where, and in what sense, the bounds of intelligible thought, knowledge, and speech are to be drawn. The chapters examine how they figure in Kant's and Wittgenstein's most significant works and put them in touch with contemporary debates that are shaped by their legacy.

What is astro-culture? In The Babylonian Planet it is unfolded as an aesthetic, an idea, a field of study, a position, and a practice. It helps to engineer the shift from a world view that is segregated to one that is integrated - from global to planetary; from distance to intimacy and where closeness and cosmic distance live side-by-side. In this tour de force, Sonja Neef takes her cue from Edouard Glissant's vision of multilingualism and reignites the myth of the Tower of Babel to anticipate new forms of cultural encounter. For her, Babel is an organic construction site at which she fuses theoretical analysis and case studies of artists, writers and thinkers like William Kentridge, Orhan Pamuk and Immanuel Kant. Her skilful interrogations then allow her to paint a portrait of art and culture that abolishes the horizon as a barrier to vision and reclaims it as a place of contact and relation. By combining the Babylonian concept of the encounter and the planetary concept of the whole-earth, Neef creates a space - an astro-culture - in which she can examine topics as varied as language, translation, media, modernity, migration and the moon. In doing so, she instigates a renewed cultural understanding receptive to the kinder forms of cultural encounter and globalisation she hopes will come.

This book offers an original philosophical perspective on exemplarity. Inspired by Wittgenstein's later work and Derrida's theory of deconstruction, it argues that examples are not static entities but rather oscillate between singular and universal moments.

Thirteen essays in the book explore and investigate diverse contemporary philosophically current themes and issues. The book critically presents the views of a wide range of philosophically and analytically oriented authors.

This book applies frameworks from behavioral economics to Western thinking about translation, mapping four approaches to eight keywords in translation studies to bring together divergent perspectives on the study of translation and interpreting.

Why should we learn more than one language?Can it change the way we think?Does it have the power to transform how we see the world?You may think you speak only one language. In fact, your mind is interpreting multiple codes of communication. Some people speak Spanish, some Mandarin. Some speak poetry, some are fluent in maths. Humans are built for multilingualism.Drawing on cutting-edge research and theory, delivered with wit and lucid insight, psycholinguist Viorica Marian explores the ways in which the mind uses multiple languages and how, in doing so, we can open the doors to unique forms of creativity, brain health and cognitive control. Every new language we speak - whether it is coding or musical notes, Hindi or Arabic - shapes how we extract and interpret information. It alters what we remember, how we perceive ourselves and those around us, how we feel, the insights we have, the decisions we make and the actions we take.The Power of Language lays bare how we use different linguistic codes to think about the world - and change our place within it. Empowering and practical, this is the perfect guide for anyone interested in how language really works.

This volume celebrates the work of Hans-Johann Glock, a philosopher renowned for both his exegesis of Wittgenstein and his many contributions to debates in contemporary philosophy. The chapters discuss Wittgenstein's philosophy, metaphilosophy, truth and language, animal minds and agency, and reasons and normativity.

The Routledge Companion to Pragmatism offers 44 cutting-edge chapters?written specifically for this volume by an international team of distinguished researchers?that assess the past, present, and future of pragmatism.

En kriseramt verden kalder på en forandringslogik, og filosoffen G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831) forsøgte med sin banebrydende dialektik netop at kortlægge strukturen i overgangsprocesser. Dialektikken har udgjort en kernedisciplin i filosofien siden Platons dialoger, men aldrig betaget og forarget så meget som i den form, den får hos Hegel. Det satiriske skrift “Hvem tænker abstrakt?” giver et originalt bud på, hvordan filosofien kan lære os at tænke konkret. Og de to nøgletekster fra Hegels dialektisk-spekulative logik – der her for første gang præsenteres på dansk – forklarer på pædagogisk vis, hvordan dialektisk tænkning virker, og viser os helt ind i begrebsbevægelsens maskinrum i den berømte sekvens, hvor væren og intet bliver til tilblivelse.Dialektik er en del af bogserien AFTRYK, der samler korte og vedkommende filosofiske tekster med væsentlig virkningshistorie. Teksterne er udvalgt og kommenteret af WilliamMathorne og Anna Cornelia Ploug, der ligeledes har skrevet en fyldig introduktion, som udfordrer misforståelsen, at dialektikken blot er et dødt tese/antitese/syntese-skema, der tankeløst kan presses ned over virkeligheden. Dialektikken bør snarere betragtes som en levende og kritisk metode, der kan bruges til at sætte spørgsmålstegn ved alt fra køn til kapitalisme.

Brian Loar (1939-2014) was an eminent and highly respected philosopher of mind and language. He was at the forefront of several different field-defining debates between the 1970s and the 2000s-from his earliest work on reducing semantics to psychology, through debates about reference, functionalism, externalism, and the nature of intentionality, to his most enduringly influential work on the explanatory gap between consciousness and neurons. Loar is widely credited with having developed the most comprehensive functionalist account of certain aspects of the mind, and his 'phenomenal content strategy' is arguably one of the most significant developments on the ancient mind/body problem.This volume of essays honours the entirety of Loar's wide-ranging philosophical career. It features sixteen original essays from influential figures in the fields of philosophy of language and philosophy of mind, including those who worked with and were taught by Loar. The essays are divided into three thematic sections covering Loar's work in philosophy of language, especially the relations between semantics and psychology (1970s-80s), on content in the philosophy of mind (1980s-90s), and on the metaphysics of intentionality and consciousness (1990s and beyond). Taken together, this book is a fitting tribute to one of the leading minds of the latter-20th century, and a timely reflection on Loar's enduring influence on the philosophy of mind and language.

This book defends the Direct Reference (DR) thesis in philosophy of language regarding proper names and indexical pronouns. It uniquely draws out the significant consequences of DR when it is conjoined with the fact that these singular terms sometimes fail to refer.Even though DR is widely endorsed by philosophers of language, many philosophically important and radically controversial consequences of the thesis have gone largely unexplored. This book makes an important contribution to the DR literature by explicitly addressing the consequences that follow from DR regarding failure of reference. Michael McKinsey argues that only a form of neutral free logic can capture a revised concept of logical truth that is consistent with the fact that any sentence of any form that contains a directly referring genuine term can fail to be either true or false on interpretations where that term fails to refer. He also explains how it is possible for there to be true (or false) sentences that contain non-referring names, even though this possibility seems inconsistent with DR.Consequences of Reference Failure will be of interest to philosophers of language and logic and linguists working on Direct Reference.