Historisk og sammenlignende lingvistik

2ème partie des gloses en ancien celtique des manuscrits du Haut Moyen Age + suite du dictionnaire de l' ancien celtique + le gotique et son importance en philologie et en histoire.Cet ouvrage est une étape essentielle dans la connaissance des langues parlées dans l' ancienne France, aussi appelée, "la Gaule". En effet, les quelques scientifiques qui ont étudié, par le passé, les gloses en ancien celtique sont passés à côté d'une évidence: l' ancien français provient (en grande partie) de cette langue, ou, plus exactement, de cet ensemble de langues unifiées par un clergé de culture celte. Comme, malheureusement, les linguistes qui leur ont succédé n' ont pas eu le courage de s' atteler à la tâche immense de décrypter une langue inconnue, ils ont ânonné, tels des perroquets savants, ces premières hypothèses hasardeuses devenues malheureusement des "vérités" théoriques.

If coherence is the sine qua non of nearly all written communication, why do we not have a comprehensive treatment of it, especially for those who study or teach formal, academic writing? Beyond Cohesion: Toward a Theory of Coherence builds on the seminal work of Halliday and Hasan and offers a comprehensive treatment of coherence along three lines¿linguistic, cognitive, and culturally salient¿using close linguistic argument and several illustrative figures. While the main audience is that of graduate studies in rhetoric and composition, those working in linguistics, language and cognition, and artificial intelligence will also benefit from this approach.Beyond Cohesion: Toward a Theory of Coherence is a fascinating, thorough, and highly useful investigation into a rhetorical concept that is often referenced, but rarely systematically studied. Synthesizing theories of coherence from rhetoric and composition, linguistics, psychology, and related fields, Frank Davis provides a wide-ranging, interdisciplinary resource for those beginning their study of coherence or looking to expand it.¿Amanda Sladek, Associate Professor of English, University of Nebraska at Kearney

Historical linguistic theory and practice contains a great number of different 'layers' which have been accepted in the course of time and have acquired a permanency of their own. These range from neogrammarian conceptualizations of sound change and analogy to present-day ideas on rule change and language mixture. To get a full grasp of the principles of historical linguistics it is therefore necessary to understand the nature and justifications (or shortcomings) of each of these 'layers', not just to look for a single 'overarching' theory. The major purpose of the book is to provide in up-to-date form such an understanding of the principles of historical linguistics and the related fields of comparative linguistics and linguistic reconstruction. In addition, the book provides a very broad exemplification of the principles of historical linguistics.

Vestjysk er en af Danmarks bedst bevarede dialekter, men den tales efterhånden kun af bedsteforældregenerationen. Vi kan stadig nå at redde dialekten, hvis vi giver den videre til de små, nye vestjyder. Mi føst tuwsen uuor o væstjysk oversat af Marc Daniel Skibsted Volhardt er en billedordbog, som er udviklet til at appellere til børn i forskellig alder og indeholder mange genkendelige ting fra hverdagen. Små billeder sat ind i en større ramme giver anledning til at pege, udforske og tale om det, man ser.Der er ingen officiel vestjysk retstavning, men Marc Daniel Skibsted Volhardt har udviklet en systematisk stavemåde, som vi vurderer både er læsbar og med stor sandsynlighed giver en troværdig dialektal udtale.Bagest i bogen er der en alfabetisk ordliste med alle ordene oversat til rigsdansk.Modersmål-Selskabet er en almennyttig forening, som har til formål at bevare og udvikle modersmålet – med respekt for dialekterne. Læs mere i vores antologi Dialekter i rigt mål (2019).

Die vorliegende Einführung besteht aus 16 Einheiten, die alle so konzipiert sind, dass sie auch unabhängig voneinander gelesen werden können. Jedes Kapitel führt in einen bestimmten Bereich der Linguistik ein: in Semantik, Sprachgeschichte, Spracherwerb, mentales Lexikon, Pragmatik, Dialektologie, Phonetik, usw. Als Ausgangspunkt und Kapitelüberschrift dienen dabei beispielsweise Fragen wie «Können Wörter müde machen?» (Semantik), «Gibt es Sprachen ohne Grammatik?» (Syntax), «Was ist Deutsch eigentlich für eine Sprache?» (Sprachgeschichte) oder «Wo sind die Wörter im Kopf und wie greift man auf sie zu?», die zugleich das Konzept dieses Buches illustrieren: Die wichtigsten linguistischen Themenkomplexe und Grundlagen sollen nicht nur in leicht zugänglicher und gut verständlicher Form vermittelt werden, sondern es soll auch Neugier auf die Fragen geweckt werden, um die es jeweils geht. Vorkenntnisse werden dabei bewusst nicht vorausgesetzt. Da eine Einführung naturgemäß nur jeweils einen begrenzten Einblick in ein Themengebiet geben kann, werden am Ende jeder Einheit stets auch Literaturtipps zur weitergehenden und vertieften Beschäftigung mit dem behandelten Thema gegeben.

«Dariush Borbor has created an impressive lexicographical reference work with zeal and passion for over three decades, having collected the largest possible assemblage of alternatives for every single reduplicate. Linguists from many scientific fields must be grateful to him for his pioneering work.»(Adriano V. Rossi, Professor Emeritus of Iranian Philology, DAAM, University of Naples L¿Orientale and ISMEO, Rome)«The author has created a truly remarkable work on a very strange and little studied area of linguistics. The book contains a wealth of fascinating information and I can only congratulate him on the care and assiduity which he has devoted to it.»(Nicholas Sims-Williams, Professor Emeritus of Iranian and Central Asian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London)«I had an occasion to look again at your Dictionary of Reduplication. I realized once again how much useful work you have put into compiling it. Your bibliography is comprehensive and very useful. I should like to congratulate you on your assiduous effort to investigate so comprehensively a complex morphological aspect of the Middle Eastern Languages.»(¿ Ehsan Yarshater, Professor Emeritus, Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University)The present dictionary is an analytical, comparative and etymological presentation of reduplication over a wide spectrum of languages. The range of featured languages ¿ Arabic, Armenian, Kurdish, Persian and Turkish ¿ include three separate families connected only by geographical proximity, each with an extremely rich literary tradition. The dictionary covers multiple independent phenomena in several unrelated languages, the underlying idea being that their reduplications are all somehow connected, and that there exists a general «field» of reduplication. The book is not limited to a single field, but rather for several largely separate ones, such as linguistic relations, the theory of reduplication and etymology. Several other related or unrelated languages such as Icelandic, Japanese, Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Hittite, etc. have been included for comparative purposes.The preliminary findings of this study indicate that reduplication in the languages under study, and in nearly all other languages, deal mostly with the fundamental, primary human requirements. Another strong proof of the «universality» of reduplicates are that they closely follow the same and similar formation, development and rule in most related and unrelated languages. In consequence of the universality of reduplication and its near identical development in all related or unrelated languages, it even legitimizes the creation of a grammar of reduplication in the future. A few of the essential features of this book include: a complete revision and updating of the semantics; a particular attention to the cognitive aspects; and, many etymologies that cannot be found elsewhere.

Ever since the early 2nd millennium BCE, Pre-Classical Anatolia has been a crossroads of languages and peoples. This book provides a state-of-the-art study of linguistic and cultural contacts in a region that was the bridge between the East and the West

Now in Paperback

Latin paradigms are almost proverbially known, and they have often been used as a test case for different theoretical approaches to morphological complexity. This book analyses them in a completely word-based perspective, using a recently developed information-theoretic methodology, making entropy-based techniques of analysis available to a wider readership. By doing so, it shows the relevance of traditional notions like principal parts, giving them a more principled, data-driven formulation. Furthermore, it suggests enhancements to the standard information-theoretic methodology, allowing to account for the role of external factors ¿ like gender and derivational information ¿ in improving predictability between inflected word forms. This book is useful to morphologists, that will see ideas and techniques taken from the current debate on morphological theory tested on complex phenomena of a language as renowned as Latin. It is also helpful for scholars working in both Latin and Romance linguistics: the former will find a freely available lexical resource and a novel description of Latin paradigms, that can be exploited by the latter to draw a comparison with recent analyses of the inflectional morphology of several Romance languages.

The Austronesian-speaking population of the world are estimated to number more than 270 million people, living in a broad swathe around half the globe, from Madagascar to Easter Island and from Taiwan to New Zealand.

L¿esperienza della pandemia da Covid-19 ha cambiato il modo di parlare di malattia, creando nuove connessioni tra l¿esperienza privata e la sua rappresentazione pubblica. Per quanto già esistesse, soprattutto nella critica americana, una consistente riflessione sulla componente narrativa della malattia e si percepisse l¿esigenza di analizzarla in un¿ottica letteraria, gli eventi hanno reso urgente un¿analisi sulle intersezioni tra letteratura e medicina. Il volume investiga la traduzione retorica e narrativa dell¿esperienza della malattia : dal linguaggio alle strategie testuali, alle interferenze con la scienza, alla presenza di un immaginario non sempre affidato alla parola. I saggi si confrontano con il rimosso e con il trauma, con le afasie e il pudore di esperienze private o con il valore quasi epico e fondativo di quelle collettive, restituendo la complessità di un dibattito scientifico e interdisciplinare, e rispondendo all¿esigenza di interrogarsi su uno scambio reciproco tra letteratura e medicina.

Das Buch mochte einerseits wichtige Ergebnisse der Fremdwortforschung zum Deutschen zusammenfassen und entwickeln, indem Phonologie, Orthographie, Flexion und Wortbildung einschl. der Lehnwortbildung fur die Grakolatinismen, Gallizismen und Anglizismen auf dem Hintergrund der Wortgrammatik des Kernwortschatzes dargestellt werden. Auf diese Weise wird es moglich, semantische und vor allem strukturelle Fremdheitsmerkmale zu identifizieren, so dass auch Einzelheiten von Integrationsprozessen in Richtung Kernwortschatz zuganglich werden. Innerhalb dieser Systematik kommt es darauf an, die Charakteristika der einzelnen Groklassen von Fremdwortern herauszustellen. Die systematische Beschreibung macht den zweiten Hauptteil des Buches aus. Im ersten Hauptteil werden ebenso ausfuhrlich die Hauptthemen des offentlichen Fremdwortdiskurses und seine historischen Grundlagen abgehandelt. Dazu gehort einmal die Geschichte der Entlehnungen aus den wichtigsten Gebersprachen Englisch, Franzosisch, Italienisch, Lateinisch und Griechisch. Dazu gehort weiter die Rolle des Deutschen als Nehmersprache. Spracheinstellungen, Purismus, Verdeutschungs- und Eindeutschungsbemuhungen mit ihren Materialisierungen in Worterbuchern kommen zur Sprache. Ein besonderes Anliegen besteht in der Vermittlung beider Hauptteile: Standiger Begleiter der Darstellung bleibt die Frage, was in der Grammatik von Fremdwortern aus ihrer Geschichte und Funktionalitat aufgehoben ist.

English and Korean in Contrast: A Linguistic Introduction is the first book of its kind to present a comprehensive yet student-friendly comparative review of the grammars of English and Korean. Author Jong-Bok Kim, an internationally-recognized expert, offers rigorous contrastive analyses of all major aspects of English and Korean while addressing common usage errors made by learners of each language. Designed for both English- and Korean-language classrooms, this unique textbook describes and contrasts the two languages at every level from sound, word, and grammar to figurative language and metaphors. Throughout the text, the author uses an accessible, descriptive-based approach that covers both core and peripheral phenomena of English and Korean. Offering invaluable insights into the major sources of difficulty or ease in learning the two languages, English and Korean in Contrast: A Linguistic Introduction is the perfect undergraduate resource not only for English-speaking students studying Korean language and linguistics, but also for Korean-speaking students studying English language and linguistics.

The United States of English tells the story of how American English grew and changed from colonial times to the present, exploring how the American language is different from British English and how it got that way. From the English of the colonists to slang, regional dialects, African American English, the internet, and "political correctness," Rosemarie Ostler shows how the language has evolved and is still evolving today. Written for non-specialists, it is filled with colorful examples of past and present English that bring the language to life.

This small book features a collection of the first known vocabularies of the Mohawk language dating from the mid-17th century. It features a 1635 vocabulary of about 200 words from the anonymous Journey into the Mohawk and Oneida Country, ascribed to Harmen van den Bogaert. The volume also includes Wassenaer's numerals and month names of 1624, and 15 words and phrases from Megapolensis's list of 1644.

This book is a composite of 40 purely scientific and peer-reviewed papers presented during the Seventh World Congress of African Linguistics (WOCAL7) at the University of Buea, Cameroon, in 2012. The different chapters of the volume fall within the scope of African languages in relation to linguistics and other related disciplines, where a varied range of theoretical examinations, investigations and/or discussions as well as pure description of aspects of language are offered. For the purpose of clarity and easy accessibility of the content, the chapters are further subcategorized into nine sections, which include: Borrowing, Discourse Analysis, Historical Linguistics, Intercultural Communication, Language Documentation, Language in Education, Morpho-syntax, Phonetics and Phonology, and Sociolinguistics.

The key to the phonetic development of a given word across time lies in its accentuation. As the Old Celtic remains do not indicate their accent, it has to be deduced from their sound-changes. This book investigates for the first time in depth 14 Celtic phenomena resulting from the weakening of unstressed syllables (vocalic assimilations and reductions up to syncope, degeminations, ,w'-loss, nasal effacement, metathesis of liquids) and the strengthening of stressed ones (vocalic epenthesis and diphthongizations, geminations of consonants). The stress-patterns emerging from them are corroborated by the originally Celtic toponymy in today's non-Celtic-speaking countries and allow us to reconstruct the Celtic subfamily of languages by drawing a much simpler accentual model which also finds typological support. With its diachronic discussion of more than 3,600 words the book represents, moreover, a big help in the understanding of Celtic lexicon and onomastics.

Have you ever wondered whether we are alone in the universe, or if life forms on other planets might exist? If they do exist, how might their languages have evolved? Could we ever understand them, and indeed learn to communicate with them? This highly original, thought-provoking book takes us on a fascinating journey over billions of years, from the formation of galaxies and solar systems, to the appearance of planets in the habitable zones of their parent stars, and then to how biology and, ultimately, human life arose on our own planet. It delves into how our brains and our language developed, in order to explore the likelihood of communication beyond Earth and whether it would evolve along similar lines. In the process, fascinating insights from the fields of astronomy, evolutionary biology, palaeoanthropology, neuroscience and linguistics are uncovered, shedding new light on life as we know it on Earth, and beyond.

This book offers a truly interdisciplinary discussion on the relationship between the vocal and the instrumental in music and other arts and in everyday communication alike. Presenting an in-depth systematical and historical analysis of the evolution of word and gesture art, it gives extensive information on the anthropological, biological, and physiological influences and interactions in music and beyond. The book gives a unique definition of the genuinely vocal and instrumental from their generative deep structure: They derive from and are determined in their production by the duality of voice and hands, and in terms of product as the tone or ¿tonal¿ on the one hand, and the percussive, that is noise plus rhythm, on the other. This book succeeds in bringing together perspectives from art, and from natural and social sciences, merging them to offer new explanations about the relationship between the vocal and instrumental, and eventually about the origins of music, arts, and language.It offers new perspectives on the intertwining between the vocal and the instrumental, specifically in the context of the expressions of human languages. At the same time, this book aims at clarifying and explaining the role of words and gestures in different contexts, such as society and communication, education, and arts.

Vorliegendes Werk ist ein Ergänzungs- und Registerband zu den von Georg Holzer im Jahre 2020 publizierten Untersuchungen zum Urslavischen: Einleitende Kapitel, Lautlehre, Morphematik. Die dort von Holzer im Morphematik-Kapitel angeführten urslavischen Beispiele werden hier einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen und über verschiedene Register erschlossen. Darüberhinaus wird für jedes Beispiel seine Transformationsreihe, also der Weg von der morphematischen ¿Tiefe" (morphematischer Ansatz) zur phonetischen ¿Oberfläche" (Reallautung), angeführt.