Kybernetik og systemteori

The importance of thermodynamics, particularly its Second Principle, to all branches of science in which systems with very large numbers of particles are involved cannot be overstated. This book offers a panoramic view of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Perhaps the two most attractive aspects of thermodynamic equilibrium are its stability and its independence from the specifics of the particular system involved. Does an equivalent exist for non-equilibrium thermodynamics? Many researchers have tried to describe such stability in the same way that the Second Principle describes the stability of thermodynamic equilibrium - and failed. Most of them invoked either entropy, or its production rate, or some modified version of it. In their efforts, however, those researchers have found a lot of useful stability criteria for far-from-equilibrium states. These criteria usually take the form of variational principles, in terms of the minimization or maximization of some quantity. The aim of this book is to discuss these variational principles by highlighting the role of macroscopic quantities. This book is aimed at a wider audience than those most often exposed to the criteria described, i.e., undergraduates in STEM, as well as the usual interested and invested professionals. 

The idea of structure-preserving algorithms appeared in the 1980's. The new paradigm brought many innovative changes. The new paradigm wanted to identify the long-time behaviour of the solutions or the existence of conservation laws or some other qualitative feature of the dynamics. Another area that has kept growing in importance within Geometric Numerical Integration is the study of highly-oscillatory problems: problems where the solutions are periodic or quasiperiodic and have to be studied in time intervals that include an extremely large number of periods. As is known, these equations cannot be solved efficiently using conventional methods. A further study of novel geometric integrators has become increasingly important in recent years. The objective of this monograph is to explore further geometric integrators for highly oscillatory problems that can be formulated as systems of ordinary and partial differential equations.Facing challenging scientific computational problems, this book presents some new perspectives of the subject matter based on theoretical derivations and mathematical analysis, and provides high-performance numerical simulations. In order to show the long-time numerical behaviour of the simulation, all the integrators presented in this monograph have been tested and verified on highly oscillatory systems from a wide range of applications in the field of science and engineering. They are more efficient than existing schemes in the literature for differential equations that have highly oscillatory solutions. This book is useful to researchers, teachers, students and engineers who are interested in Geometric Integrators and their long-time behaviour analysis for differential equations with highly oscillatory solutions. 

This SpringerBrief introduces methodologies and tools for quantitative understanding and assessment of supply chain risk to critical infrastructure systems. It unites system reliability analysis, optimization theory, detection theory and mechanism design theory to study vendor involvement in overall system security. It also provides decision support for risk mitigation.This SpringerBrief introduces I-SCRAM, a software tool to assess the risk. It enables critical infrastructure operators to make risk-informed decisions relating to the supply chain, while deploying their IT/OT and IoT systems.The authors present examples and case studies on supply chain risk assessment/mitigation of modern connected infrastructure systems such as autonomous vehicles, industrial control systems, autonomous truck platooning and more. It also discusses how vendors of different system components are involved in the overall security posture of the system and how the risk can be mitigated through vendor selection and diversification. The specific topics in this book include: Risk modeling and analysis of IoT supply chains Methodologies for risk mitigation, policy management, accountability, and cyber insurance Tutorial on a software tool for supply chain risk management of IoT  These topics are supported by up-to-date summaries of the authors' recent research findings. The authors introduce a taxonomy of supply chain security and discusses the future challenges and directions in securing the supply chains of IoT systems. It also focuses on the need for joint policy and technical solutions to counter the emerging risks, where technology should inform policy and policy should regulate technology development.This SpringerBrief has self-contained chapters, facilitating the readers to peruse individual topics of interest. It provides a broad understanding of the emerging field of cyber supply chain security in the context of IoT systems to academics, industry professionals and government officials.

This monograph uses braids to explore dynamics on surfaces, with an eye towards applications to mixing in fluids.  The text uses the particular example of taffy pulling devices to represent pseudo-Anosov maps in practice.  In addition, its final chapters also briefly discuss current applications in the emerging field of analyzing braids created from trajectory data.  While written with beginning graduate students, advanced undergraduates, or practicing applied mathematicians in mind, the book is also suitable for pure mathematicians seeking real-world examples.  Readers can benefit from some knowledge of homotopy and homology groups, but these concepts are briefly reviewed.  Some familiarity with Matlab is also helpful for the computational examples.

This book provides a comprehensive survey of the Sharkovsky ordering, its different aspects and its role in dynamical systems theory and applications. It addresses the coexistence of cycles for continuous interval maps and one-dimensional spaces, combinatorial dynamics on the interval and multidimensional dynamical systems. Also featured is a short chapter of personal remarks by O.M. Sharkovsky on the history of the Sharkovsky ordering, the discovery of which almost 60 years ago led to the inception of combinatorial dynamics. Now one of cornerstones of dynamics, bifurcation theory and chaos theory, the Sharkovsky ordering is an important tool for the investigation of dynamical processes in nature. Assuming only a basic mathematical background, the book will appeal to students, researchers and anyone who is interested in the subject.

This book reports on cutting-edge research and developments focusing on  integrating intelligent functionalities into materials, components, systems and products. Gathering the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence (SysInt 2022), held on September 7-9, in Genova, Italy, it offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and applied perspective on the state-of-the art and challenges in the field of intelligent, flexible and connected systems. The book covers advanced methods and applications relating to artificial, pervasive and ubiquitous intelligence, sensors, smart factory and logistics, structural health monitoring, as well as soft robotics, cognitive systems and human-machine interaction. Giving a special focus to artificial intelligence, it  extensively reports on methods and algorithms for data-driven modeling, and agent-based data processing and planning. It aims at inspiring and fostering collaboration between researchers and professionals from the different fields of  electrical, manufacturing and production engineering, and materials and computer sciences. 

Dieses Buch stellt eine umfassende Reihe von Techniken vor, die alle wichtigen Aspekte eines modernen Virtual Prototype (VP)-basierten Entwurfsablaufs verbessern. Die Autoren legen den Schwerpunkt auf automatisierte formale Verifikationsmethoden sowie auf fortgeschrittene, abdeckungsgeleitete Analyse- und Testtechniken, die auf SystemC-basierte VP und die zugehörige Software (SW) zugeschnitten sind. Die Abdeckung umfasst auch VP-Modellierungstechniken, die sowohl funktionale als auch nicht-funktionale Aspekte behandeln, und beschreibt zudem Korrespondenzanalysen zwischen der Hardware- und VP-Ebene, um die auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsebenen verfügbaren Informationen zu nutzen. Alle Ansätze werden ausführlich diskutiert und anhand mehrerer Experimente evaluiert, um ihre Effektivität bei der Verbesserung des VP-basierten Entwurfsablaufs zu demonstrieren. Darüber hinaus legt das Buch einen besonderen Schwerpunkt auf den modernen RISC-V ISA, mit mehreren Fallstudien, die sowohl Aspekteder Modellierung als auch der VP- und SW-Verifikation abdecken.

The focus of this book is an application of Digital Twin as a concept and an approach, based on the most accurate view on a physical production system and its digital representation of complex engineering products and systems. It describes a methodology to create and use Digital Twin in a built environment for the improvement and optimization of factory processes such as factory planning, investment planning, bottleneck analysis, and in-house material transport. The book provides a practical response based on achievements of engineering informatics in solving challenges related to the optimization of factory layout and corresponding processes.This book introduces the topic, providing a foundation of knowledge on process planning, before discussing the acquisition of objects in a factory and the methods for object recognition. It presents process simulation techniques, explores challenges in process planning, and concludes by looking at future areas of progression. By providinga holistic, trans-disciplinary perspective, this book will showcase Digital Twin technology as state-of-the-art both in research and practice.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First Conference on Intelligence of Things (ICIT 2022), held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in August 2022. A total of 40 full papers in this book have been rigorously peer-reviewed and selected from over 100 submissions. The papers focused on the intelligence of things (AIoT) studies are organized in the following parts: theoretical intelligence analyses, intelligence services and applications, and intelligence service experiments. This book provides interested students and engineers with comprehensive and cutting-edge studies in the fields.