Informationsteori

Hvorfor er det så svært at implementere noget? Hvad vil det egentlig sige at implementere? Og findes der en opskrift på, hvordan man lykkes med en implementering?Med udgangspunkt i teorier og modeller gennemgår bogen implementeringens fem dimensioner for at beskrive, hvad implementering er, og for samtidig at nuancere begrebet. Formålet med bogen er at udvikle vores sprog for implementering og dermed udvide bevidstheden og handlingsmulighederne. Implementering indeholder således både:En oversættende dimension, hvor læserne af det, der skal implementeres, ændrer det, så det passer til deres egen kontekstEn instrumentel dimension, hvor det er enkelt at implementere, og alle ved, hvad de skal gøreEn fortolkende dimension, hvor implementering i højere grad handler om at skabe mening med det, der skal implementeresEn legitimerende dimension, der er præget af skuespil, fordi det handler om at skabe legitimitetEn politisk dimension, hvor implementering fører til forhandlinger og kompromiser.Bogen kommer med bud på, hvad man skal være opmærksom på, når implementering foregår i en kontekst præget af magt, skuespil, fortolkning, rationalitet og oversættelser. Den skaber klarhed over begrebet implementering ved at udforske tre spørgsmål:Hvad er implementering?Hvordan foregår implementering?Hvornår er noget implementeret?Implementering – Mellem snak og handling er relevant for forskere, ledere på alle niveauer, konsulenter og andre, der beskæftiger sig med implementering. Den er også relevant for studerende og kan bruges til efteruddannelse og på diplom- og masteruddannelser.

The first monograph to treat topological, group-theoretic, and geometric problems of ideal hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics from a unified point of view. It describes the necessary preliminary notions both in hydrodynamics and pure mathematics with numerous examples and figures. The book is accessible to graduates as well as pure and applied mathematicians working in hydrodynamics, Lie groups, dynamical systems, and differential geometry.

This book describes fundamental physical principles, together with their mathematical formulations, for modelling the propagation of signals in nerve fibres. Above all, it focuses on the complex electro-mechano-thermal process that produces an ensemble of waves composed of several components, besides the action potential. These components include mechanical waves in the biomembrane and axoplasm, together with the temperature change. Pursuing a step-by-step approach, the content moves from physics and mathematics, to describing the physiological effects, and finally to modelling the coupling effects. The assumptions and hypotheses used for modelling, as well as selected helpful concepts from continuum mechanics, are systematically explained, and the modelling is illustrated using the outcomes of numerical simulation. The book is chiefly intended for researchers and graduate students, providing them with a detailed description of how to model the complex physiological processes in nerve fibres.

This book provides a sound theoretical base and an extensive practical expansion of smart sustainable cities and societies, while also examining case studies in the area to help readers understand IoT driven solutions in smart cities. The book covers fundamentals, applications, and challenges of IoT for sustainable smart cities and society. With a good understanding of IoT and smart cities, and the associated communication protocols, the book provides an insight into its applications in several areas of smart cities. Models, architectures, and algorithms are presented that provide additional solutions. The main challenges discussed that are associated with IoT involved include security, privacy, authenticity, etc. The book is relevant to researchers, academics, professionals, and students.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME) 2020. This volume focuses on several emerging interdisciplinary areas involving mechanical engineering. Some of the topics covered include automobile engineering, mechatronics, applied mechanics, structural mechanics, hydraulic mechanics, human vibration, biomechanics, biomedical Instrumentation, ergonomics, biodynamic modeling, nuclear engineering, and agriculture engineering. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers as well as professionals interested in interdisciplinary topics of mechanical engineering.

This book is focused on an emerging area, i.e. combination of IoT and semantic technologies, which should enable breaking the silos of local and/or domain-specific IoT deployments. Taking into account the way that IoT ecosystems are realized, several challenges can be identified. Among them of definite importance are (this list is, obviously, not exhaustive): (i) How to provide common representation and/or shared understanding of data that will enable analysis across (systematically growing) ecosystems? (ii) How to build ecosystems based on data flows? (iii) How to track data provenance? (iv) How to ensure/manage trust? (v) How to search for things/data within ecosystems? (vi) How to store data and assure its quality?Semantic technologies are often considered among the possible ways of addressing these (and other, related) questions. More precisely, in academic research and in industrial practice, semantic technologies materialize in the following contexts (this list is, also, not exhaustive, but indicates the breadth of scope of semantic technology usability): (i) representation of artefacts in IoT ecosystems and IoT networks, (ii) providing interoperability between heterogeneous IoT artefacts, (ii) representation of provenance information, enabling provenance tracking, trust establishment, and quality assessment, (iv) semantic search, enabling flexible access to data originating in different places across the ecosystem, (v) flexible storage of heterogeneous data. Finally, Semantic Web, Web of Things, and Linked Open Data are architectural paradigms, with which the aforementioned solutions are to be integrated, to provide production-ready deployments.

In the continued quest for increased economic benefits from our water resources, numerous structures and operating policies for controlling the river flow have been built and implemented. These structures and associated operating policies can facilitate navigation; they can provide greater quantities of reliable water supplies to meet agricultural, industrial and municipal water demands; they can generate hydroelectric power and energy; and they can provide increased flood protection, recreation, and other benefits. Over the past half-century we have converted many of our rivers into engineered waterways. These straightened, often periodically dredged, engineered rivers are complete with dikes, reservoirs, weirs, and diversion canals. All this engineering has enhanced economic development. However, as rivers and their floodplains become stressed from the excessive use and misuse of their resources, their contribution to economic development can be threatened. Evidence of economic and ecological degradation, especially in relatively large river systems such as the Danube, the Mississippi, the Rhine, and the Volga, has increased our appreciation of beneficial roles natural aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems play in water quantity and quality management. We have recognized the need to pay more attention to letting nature help us regulate water quantity and quality rather than working against nature and its variabilities and uncertainties. Today there are efforts underway in many developed river basins to 'de­ engineer' or return these straightened and controlled rivers to a more natural state.

Despite its increasing importance, the verification andvalidation of the human-machine interface is perhaps themost overlooked aspect of system development. Although muchhas been written about the design and developmentprocess,very little organized information is available on how toverifyand validate highly complex and highly coupleddynamic systems. Inability toevaluate such systemsadequately may become the limiting factor in our ability toemploy systems that our technology and knowledge allow us todesign.This volume, based on a NATO Advanced Science Institute heldin 1992, is designed to provide guidance for theverification and validation of all highly complex andcoupled systems. Air traffic control isused an an exampleto ensure that the theory is described in terms that willallow its implementation, but the results can be applied toall complex and coupled systems.The volume presents the knowledge and theory ina formatthat will allow readers from a wide variety of backgroundsto apply it to the systems for which they are responsible.The emphasis is on domains where significant advances havebeen made in the methods of identifying potential problemsand in new testing methods and tools. Also emphasized aretechniques to identify the assumptions on which a system isbuilt and to spot their weaknesses.

This book describes the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods using time series data in system control. This book consistently discusses the application of machine learning to the analysis and modelling of time series data of physical quantities to be controlled in the field of system control.Since dynamic systems are not stable steady states but changing transient states, the changing transient states depend on the state history before the change. In other words, it is essential to predict the change from the present to the future based on the time history of each variable in the target system, and to manipulate the system to achieve the desired change. In short, time series is the key to the application of AI machine learning to system control. This is the philosophy of this book: "e;time series data"e; + "e;AI machine learning"e; = "e;new practical control methods"e;.This book can give my helps to undergradate or graduate students, institute researchers and senior engineers whose scientific background are engineering, mathematics, physics and other natural sciences.

This textbook helps graduate level student to understand easily the linearization of nonlinear control system. Differential geometry is essential to understand the linearization problems of the control nonlinear systems. In this book, the basics of differential geometry needed in linearization are explained on the Euclidean space instead of the manifold for students who are not accustomed to differential geometry. Many Lie algebra formulas, used often in linearization, are also provided with proof. The conditions in the linearization problems are complicated to check because the Lie bracket calculation of vector fields by hand needs much concentration and time. This book provides MATLAB programs for most of the theorems. The book also includes end-of-chapter problems and other pedagogical aids to help understanding and self study. 

This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 2021 5th Chinese Conference on Swarm Intelligence and Cooperative Control (CCSICC2021), held in Shenzhen, China on January 19-22, 2022. The topics covered include but are not limited to: reviews and discussions of swarm intelligence, basic theories on swarm intelligence, swarm communication and networking, swarm perception, awareness and location, swarm decision and planning, cooperative control, cooperative guidance, swarm simulation and assessment. The papers showcased here share the latest findings on theories, algorithms and applications in swarm intelligence and cooperative control, making the book a valuable asset for researchers, engineers, and university students alike.

This book covers two broad domains: state-of-the-art research in GaN HEMT and Ga2O3 HEMT. Each technology covers materials system, band engineering, modeling and simulations, fabrication techniques, and emerging applications. The book presents basic operation principles of HEMT, types of HEMT structures, and semiconductor device physics to understand the device behavior. The book presents numerical modeling of the device and TCAD simulations for high-frequency and high-power applications. The chapters include device characteristics of HEMT including 2DEG density, Id-Vgs, Id-Vds, transconductance, linearity, and C-V. The book emphasizes the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques of HEMT and circuit design for various applications in low noise amplifier, oscillator, power electronics, and biosensor applications. The book focuses on HEMT applications to meet the ever-increasing demands of the industry, innovation in terms of materials, design, modeling, simulation, processes, and circuits. The book will be primarily helpful to undergraduate/postgraduate, researchers, and practitioners in their research.

This book presents an overview of the science of superconducting materials.  It covers the fundamentals and theories of superconductivity. Subjects of special interest involving mechanisms of high temperature superconductors, tunneling, transport properties, magnetic properties, critical states, vortex dynamics, etc. are present in the book. It assists as a fundamental resource on the developed methodologies and techniques involved in the synthesis, processing, and characterization of superconducting materials. The book covers numerous classes of superconducting materials including fullerenes, borides, pnictides or iron-based chalcogen superconductors ides, alloys and cuprate oxides. Their crystal structures and properties are described. Thereafter, the book focuses on the progress of the applications of superconducting materials into superconducting magnets, fusion reactors, and accelerators and other superconducting magnets. The applications also cover recent progress in superconducting wires, power generators, powerful energy storage devices, sensitive magnetometers, RF and microwave filters, fast fault current limiters, fast digital circuits, transport vehicles, and medical applications.

This book highlights a research-based design proposal which has the purpose of relieving from lack of global food supply. Due to the current overuse of land, it suggests an extension of aquatic food production with floating devices onto the sea. These devices are called SeaOasis because they function as an oasis as closed-loop systems and are therefore highly sustainable.Best geographic conditions for an extension from agriculture to aquaculture by SeaOasis match with coastal areas with serious or alarming hunger index. The low complexity, low-cost construction and the manageable size of the design is ideal for smallholders to support food security in terms of accessibility, affordability, and diversity of diet. Various configurations are described and coupled with expected revenues for potential seed-funded demonstration projects.The book presents the entire process from problem statement to design development and the preparation of its implementation. It showcases therefore also the benefits of aquatectural design as an interdisciplinary combination of aquatic architectural design, marine engineering and biology, sociology and economy

This first book focuses on uncertain graph and network optimization. It covers three different main contents: uncertain graph, uncertain programming and uncertain network optimization. It also presents applications of uncertain network optimization in a lot of real problems such as transportation problems, dispatching medical supplies problems and location problems.The book is suitable for researchers, engineers, teachers and students in the field of mathematics, information science, computer science, decision science, management science and engineering, artificial intelligence, industrial engineering, economics and operations research.

This book is in honor of Yasuhiko Takahara, a first-class researcher who has been active for some 50 years at the global level in systems research. Researchers and practitioners from Japan and other countries who have been influenced by Takahara have come together from far and wide to contribute their major research masterpieces in the field of systems research in the broadest sense.While the roots of Takahara's systems research are in general systems theory and systems control theory, he developed his research and teaching in diverse directions such as management information science, engineering, social simulation, and systems thinking. As a result, many of the researchers and practitioners he supervised or influenced have established their own positions and are now active around the world in a wide range of systems research.Volume II is a collection of their masterpieces or representative works in the fields of systems management theory and practice.

This book is in honor of Yasuhiko Takahara, a first-class researcher who has been active for some 50 years at the global level in systems research. Researchers and practitioners from Japan and other countries who have been influenced by Takahara have come together from far and wide to contribute their major research masterpieces in the field of systems research in the broadest sense.While the roots of Takahara's systems research are in general systems theory and systems control theory, he developed his research and teaching in diverse directions such as management information science, engineering, social simulation, and systems thinking. As a result, many of the researchers and practitioners he supervised or influenced have established their own positions and are now active around the world in a wide range of systems research.Volume I is a collection of their masterpieces or representative works in the field of systems theory and modeling.

This book is a collection of research articles presented at the 4th International Conference on Communications and Cyber-Physical Engineering (ICCCE 2021), held on April 9 and 10, 2021, at CMR Engineering College, Hyderabad, India. ICCCE is one of the most prestigious conferences conceptualized in the field of networking and communication technology offering in-depth information on the latest developments in voice, data, image, and multimedia. Discussing the latest developments in voice and data communication engineering, cyber-physical systems, network science, communication software, image, and multimedia processing research and applications, as well as communication technologies and other related technologies, it includes contributions from both academia and industry.  This book is a valuable resource for scientists, research scholars, and PG students working to formulate their research ideas and find the future directions in these areas. Further, it may serve as a reference work to understand the latest engineering and technologies used by practicing engineers in the field of communication engineering.

This book explores recent developments in theoretical research and mathematical modelling of real-world complex systems, organized in four parts.  The first part of the book is devoted to the mathematical tools for the design and analysis in engineering and social science study cases. We discuss the periodic evolutions in nonlinear chemical processes, vibro-compact systems and their behaviour, different types of metal-semiconductor self-assembled samples, made of silver nanowires and zinc oxide nanorods.The second part of the book is devoted to mathematical description and modelling of the critical events, climate change and robust emergency scales. In three chapters, we consider a climate-economy model with endogenous carbon intensity and the behaviour of Tehran Stock Exchange market under international sanctions.The third part of the book is devoted to fractional dynamic and fractional control problems. We discuss the novel operational matrix technique for variable-order fractional optimal control problems, the nonlinear variable-order time fractional convection-diffusion equation with generalized polynomialsThe fourth part of the book concerns solvability and inverse problems in differential and integro-differential equations.The book facilitates a better understanding of the mechanisms and phenomena in nonlinear dynamics and develops the corresponding mathematical theory to apply nonlinear design to practical engineering. It can be read by mathematicians, physicists, complex systems scientists, IT specialists, civil engineers, data scientists and urban planners.

This book explores a different pragmatic approach to algorithmic complexity rooted or motivated by the theoretical foundations of algorithmic probability and explores the relaxation of necessary and sufficient conditions in the pursuit of numerical applicability, with some of these approaches entailing greater risks than others in exchange for greater relevance and applicability.Some established and also novel techniques in the field of applications of algorithmic (Kolmogorov) complexity currently coexist for the first time, ranging from the dominant ones based upon popular statistical lossless compression algorithms (such as LZW) to newer approaches that advance, complement, and also pose their own limitations. Evidence suggesting that these different methods complement each other for different regimes is presented, and despite their many challenges, some of these methods are better grounded in or motivated by the principles of algorithmic information. The authors propose that the field can make greater contributions to science, causation, scientific discovery, networks, and cognition, to mention a few among many fields, instead of remaining either as a technical curiosity of mathematical interest only or as a statistical tool when collapsed into an application of popular lossless compression algorithms. This book goes, thus, beyond popular statistical lossless compression and introduces a different methodological approach to dealing with algorithmic complexity. For example, graph theory and network science are classic subjects in mathematics widely investigated in the twentieth century, transforming research in many fields of science from economy to medicine. However, it has become increasingly clear that the challenge of analyzing these networks cannot be addressed by tools relying solely on statistical methods. Therefore, model-driven approaches are needed. Recent advances in network science suggest that algorithmic information theory could play an increasingly important role in breaking those limits imposed by traditional statistical analysis (entropy or statistical compression) in modeling evolving complex networks or interacting networks.  Further progress on this front calls for new techniques for an improved mechanistic understanding of complex systems, thereby calling out for increased interaction between systems science, network theory, and algorithmic information theory, to which this book contributes.

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) consist of software-controlled computing devices communicating with each other and interacting with the physical world through sensors and actuators.Because most of the functionality of a CPS is implemented in software, the software is of crucial importance for the safety and security of the CPS. This book presents principle-based engineering for the development and operation of dependable software.The knowledge in this book addresses organizations that want to strengthen their methodologies to build safe and secure software for mission-critical cyber-physical systems.The book:* Presents a successful strategy for the management of vulnerabilities, threats, and failures in mission-critical cyber-physical systems;* Offers deep practical insight into principle-based software development (62 principles are introduced and cataloged into five categories: Business & organization, general principles, safety, security, and risk management principles);* Provides direct guidance on architecting and operating dependable cyber-physical systems for software managers and architects.

This book is a collection of chapters from the IFIP working groups 13.8 and 9.4. The 10 papers included present experiences and research on the topic of digital transformation and innovation practices in the global south. The topics span from digital transformation initiatives to novel innovative technological developments, practices and applications of marginalised people in the global south. 

We describe in this book recent advances in fuzzy sets theory, fractional calculus, dynamic systems, and optimization. The book provides a setting for the discussion of recent developments in a wide variety of topics including partial differential equations, dynamic systems, optimization, numerical analysis, fuzzy sets theory, fractional calculus, and its applications. The book is aimed at bringing together contributions from leading academic scientists, researchers, and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of applied mathematics, modeling, algebra, economics, finance, and applications. It also provides an interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners, and educators to present the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of applied mathematics. The published chapters address various aspects of academic scientists, researchers, and research scholars in many variety mathematical topics.