Socialantropologi og kulturantropologi

Comment en sommes-nous arrivés à produire un monde ayant comme moteur l¿affamement de la Terre, et donc de l¿être humain ? Voilà le problème auquel cet ouvrage vise à répondre. Pour ce faire, Lina Álvarez Villarreal adopte une perspective généalogique et décoloniale, interroge le discours de la physiocratie et ¿ à l¿encontre des lectures les plus répandues ¿ soutient que cette école d¿économie politique fondée par François Quesnay au XVIIIème siècle constitue un discours foncièrement critique vis-à-vis du projet historique d¿accumulation de choses déclenché à partir du XVème siècle ; toutefois, cette dimension critique a été rapidement occultée et mise au service du capitalisme-colonial. L¿ouvrage explore la portée critique de la physiocratie à travers une analyse de son ontologie matérialiste sacramentelle, de l¿importance qüelle accorde à l¿organisation agricole de la société à partir du principe de réciprocité, et des critiques qüelle effectue à l¿égard du mercantilisme. Une telle lecture permet de mettre en lumière l¿importance de technologies de pouvoir tels les mesures fiscales, la bureaucratisation de l¿appareil étatique, et la dette dans l¿établissement des antagonismes ville-campagne et métropole-colonie, ainsi que dans la formation de l¿économie en tant que discours axé sur l¿idée de croissance et la domination de la nature. En même temps, cet ouvrage met en lumière l¿existence, au sein même de la géo-histoire européenne, des pratiques économiques alternatives, caractérisées par leur attachement à la Terre et dont le but n¿est pas l¿accumulation de capital mais la satisfaction des véritables besoins des humains et de la Terre. Ce faisant, Lina Álvarez Villarreal entend contribuer à décoloniser l¿imaginaire au sujet de ce qüa été, de ce qüest, et de ce que pourrait être l¿économie.

This collection of papers explores the variegated ways that the continent's rich and complex history - precolonial, colonial and postcolonial - continues to impact and sometimes to haunt the lives of contemporary Africans and persons of African descent. The volume combines phenomenological approaches that consider the ways Africans experience historical memory alongside considerations of the ways in which past modalities of power continue to structure African realities.

Explores the vibrant, divided and evolving field of Islamic studies in Europe and North America The study of Islam and Muslims has expanded greatly in Europe and North America in recent decades and has become a passionately debated and divided field. This collection critically assesses the development of the field of Islamic Studies and its place in society. Featuring contributions from anthropologists, historians and scholars of religion, each chapter contains new empirical material and discusses approaches to the study of Islam, past and present. The book situates Islamic Studies within broader discussions of the construction of identity and its political implications in Europe and North America. Authors also address tensions between normative and non-normative approaches to the study of Islam and Muslims and consider how these might be reconciled. Key features  Covers topics ranging from gender and secularism to pop music and modern science  Discusses contemporary and historical approaches in Islamic Studies  Features contributions from leading scholars studying Islam and Muslims, including Shahzad Bashir, Hadi Enayat, Juliane Hammer, Aaron Hughes, Carool Kersten, Susanne Olsson and Jonas Otterbeck  Addresses the role of both Muslims and non-Muslims in the ongoing construction of Islam Philip Wood is Professor of History at The Aga Khan University, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations. Leif Stenberg is Dean and Professor of Islamic Studies at The Aga Khan University, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations.

The traditional religions of the remote tribes along the northern borderlands between Afghanistan and Pakistan, with their complex cosmology of gods and demons, preserved elements from archaic Indo-Aryan, and possibly even pre-Vedic, beliefs. While these regions were converted to Islam by the early 20th century, the deeply conservative nature and isolation of these tribes have combined to perpetuate, often in coexistence with Islam, ancient religious practices long extinct elsewhere in Asia. The author, a renowned Austrian anthropologist, integrates the diverse scholarly studies of colleagues in the fields of linguistics, cultural history and archaeology with his own field investigations to construct an authoritative account of the religious practices of this remote, still poorly understood corner of Asia.A groundbreaking and indispensable reference both for the general student of Asian religions and for specialists focussed on the tribal cultures of eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province.

This book brings together cross-cultural perspectives on political economy of social exclusion and a critical view of policies of inclusion. The themes covered are political economy of social exclusion; inclusionary policy outcomes; persistent challenges to social exclusion and rethinking social exclusion and inclusion. The contexts are located in varied geographies including India, South East Asia, USA, Canada, Mexico, Australia and Papua New Guinea. The book throws light on how, historically, social inclusion of various excluded communities has always been a part of nation building with varying results. Furthermore, it highlights how the terrain of social exclusion is becoming increasingly complex today. It provides the space to reimagine issues of inclusion and exclusion within the social policy landscape of a country. It provides ways to rethink policies of inclusion such that dialogue between the excluded and the state is enhanced, and the systems of seeking justice for a dignified life, peace and freedom are improved. It appeals to policy makers, academicians and practitioners of development and social policy studies, planning and governance in both developing and developed countries.

Under a Memorandum of Understanding between Indonesia and Australia, traditional Indonesian fishermen are permitted access to fish in a designated area inside the 200 nautical mile Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ). However, crew and vessels are regularly apprehended for illegal fishing activity outside the permitted areas and, after prosecution in Australian courts, their boats and equipment are destroyed and the fishermen repatriated to Indonesia. This is an ethnographic study of one group of Indonesian maritime people who operate in the AFZ. It concerns Bajo people who originate from villages in the Tukang Besi Islands, Southeast Sulawesi. It explores the social, cultural, economic and historic conditions which underpin Bajo sailing and fishing voyages in the AFZ. It also examines issues concerning Australian maritime expansion and Australian government policies, treatment and understanding of Bajo fishing. The study considers the concept of traditional fishing regulating access to the MOU area based on use of unchanging technology, and consequences arising from adherence to such a view of traditional; the effect of Australian maritime expansion on Bajo fishing activity; the effectiveness of policy in providing for fishing rights and stopping illegal activity, and why Bajo continue to fish in the AFZ despite a range of ongoing restrictions on their activity.

"Far from being a lifeless ornament in the sky, the Moon holds the answers to some of science's central questions. Silent, dry, and barren, Earth's 4.34-billion-year-old companion is essential to life on earth. Its gravity stabilized the Earth's orbit, and, as it once guided evolution, its tide stirring up nutrients that fostered complex life, it now influences everything from animal migrations and reproduction to the movements of plants' leaves. More than 30,000 years before humans invented writing, they used the Moon's waxing and waning to track the passage of time, and, in a tectonic shift for human consciousness, used it to plan for the future. Unsurprisingly, the Moon was a primary feature of the first religions, written language, and philosophy. But our relationship to the Moon became more concrete when Apollo landed on it in 1969 in a moment of scientific and political triumph. And both engineering and politics promise to shape our relationship with it in the near future. Scientists advocate for a return to the moon to do research; governments and billionaires want to return to turn a profit from its mineral resources. Who gets to decide how we use a celestial body that, Boyle argues, belongs to everyone and no one? How can we learn to protect this beautiful, spectral thing that we all share?"--

In The Afterlife of Race, Lionel McPherson demystifies the Western concept of "race" and reframes race ideology in America as a caste device that sponsors absurd pretexts for inherited slavery, enforced segregation, and the wilful nonrepair of historical injustice. This reframing paves the way for an anti-caste vision of social equality that emphasizes the moral importance of Black American national specificity--not general antiracism, identity politics, or diversity "of color." The result is a non-racial, non-exclusionary account of Black political solidarity that would welcome everyone who supports reparative justice for Black American "blacks" as descendants of American slavery.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Form und Funktion der auf China bezogenen multimodalen Zeichenverwendungen im öffentlichen Raum in Deutschland; diese werden als China-Repräsentationen bezeichnet. Die China-Repräsentationen werden als konstitutive Zeichenressourcen bei der Ortsherstellung verstanden. Ein interdisziplinäres Merkmal des Projekts besteht in der Kombination der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie sowie der Ethnografie mit diskurslinguistischen Methoden. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, empirisch gestützte Aussagen über den untersuchten Diskurs der China-Repräsentation zu treffen und hierbei eine Grounded Theory zu entwerfen.

Alarming environmental shifts and disasters have raised public awareness and anxieties regarding the future of the planet. While planetary in scale, the negative effects of this global crisis are distributed unequally, affecting some of the already most fragile communities most intensely, thus contributing to rising global inequality. The pairing of environmental crises and a sense of inadequacy facing hitherto celebrated models of citizenry informs a current spirit of the times. The contributors to this volume place ethnographic or world cultures museums at the centre of these debates - these museums have been embroiled in longstanding debates about their histories, collections, and practices in relation to the colonial past.

R. H. Mathews (1841-1918) was an Australian-born surveyor and self-taught anthropologist. From 1893 until his death in 1918, he made it his mission to record all 'new and interesting facts' about Aboriginal Australia.

The adoption of White Australia as government policy in 1901 demonstrates that whiteness was crucial to the ways in which the new nation of Australia was constituted. And yet, historians have largely overlooked whiteness in their studies of Australia's racial past. Creating White Australia takes a fresh approach to the question of 'race' in Australian history. It demonstrates that Australia's racial foundations can only be understood by recognising whiteness too as 'race'. Including contributions from some of the leading as well as emerging scholars in Australian history, it breaks new ground by arguing that 'whiteness' was central to the racial ideologies that created the Australian nation.This book pursues the foundations of white Australia across diverse locales. It also situates the development of Australian whiteness within broader imperial and global influences. As the recent apology to the Stolen Generations, the Northern Territory Intervention and controversies over asylum seekers reveal, the legacies of these histories are still very much with us today.

Kampala to Canada is an exhibition captured in a coffee table book, filled with biographies, personal photographs, and colorful pages of artwork that explores various aspects of the immigration journey from resiliency, to grief, to marginalization. Kampala to Canada includes a collection of untold stories of 12 Ugandan South Asian Canadians. Their stories start decades ago, some over a century, journeys that crossed continents, beginning in India, before arriving in Canada. Most came to Canada in the 70s as refugees, penniless and uncertain of their future. Though their stories are full of struggles, they are among some of the best and brightest - entrepreneurs, hoteliers, and professionals contributing economically, socially, and culturally to Canada. There is vulnerability, humility, generosity, and love in each story. This publication presents another component of the Indian diaspora, an overlooked aspect of Canadian history. 80,000 Asians (referring to those from the Indian subcontinent) were given 90 days to leave Uganda in 1972. This was the country they called home for generations. Several countries refused entrance to Ugandan refugees. Ugandan Asians were the largest non-European group permitted to resettle in postwar Canada. By 1973, over 6000 refugees resettled in Canada, paving the way for future refugee programs. All this was possible because of a change in Canadian policy only years earlier. Kampala to Canada also shares the work of diverse Canadian artists from across the globe who have roots in Asia. Their work explores different aspects of immigration, such as identity, marginalization, assimilation, mental health and so much more - experiences immigrants across communities can relate to. Taslim Samji is an internationally acclaimed multi-disciplinary Canadian artist, curator, cultural leader, spoken word poet, and writer, known for curating thought-provoking exhibitions showcasing the stories of immigrants and the work of marginalized artists in response to anti-Muslim racism and xenophobia. Through her work, she explores identity, pluralism, and shared perspectives. She completed her Bachelor of Arts at the University of British Columbia, majoring in Asian Studies, and studied art at Emily Carr University of Art + Design. In 2017, Samji received her first international award - Women of the Decade in Arts and Leadership - presented by the Women Economic Forum, a global conference platform with over 1000 chapters and circles. Over the years, Samji has received several accolades for her work and most recently in 2023, she was acknowledged for outstanding achievement by the Women of Worth organization. Samji serves on several boards, mentoring community artists, and advocating for the inclusion of underrepresented artists within the local art scene. She continues to find creative ways to uplift, inspire, educate, and heal. To learn more about her work, visit www.tsamji.com.

A fossil expedition becomes a thrilling search for a mythical beast deep in the Indonesian forest - and a fascinating look at how fossils, folklore, and biodiversity converge.The need to understand and conserve biodiversity has never been more pressing. This is particularly urgent for vulnerable ecosystems such as islands, which have suffered human-caused extinctions throughout history and recent prehistory.A tale of exciting scientific discovery, The Tomb of the Mili Mongga is based on the story of expeditions to the island of Sumba in eastern Indonesia. While there, Professor Samuel Turvey discovers an entire recently extinct mammal fauna from the island's fossil record, revealing how islands support some of the world's most remarkable biodiversity, and why many endemics are threatened with extinction.But as the story unfolds, a new narrative emerges - Sumba's indigenous communities tell of a mysterious wildman called the mili mongga, a giant yeti-like beast that supposedly lives in the island's remote forests. What is behind the stories of the mili mongga? Is there a link between this enigmatic entity and the fossils Sam's looking for? And what did he discover when he finally found the grave of a mili mongga?The Tomb of the Mili Mongga combines evolution, conservation, anthropology, travel writing and cryptozoology to explore the traditional culture and unique biodiversity of a tropical island that's largely unknown to the outside world. It also considers wider questions about the relationship between biodiversity and cultural diversity, what reality means from different cultural perspectives, and how folklore, fossils and biodiversity conservation can be linked together in surprising ways.

A mesmerizing trip across America to investigate the changing face of death in contemporary lifeDeath in the United States is undergoing a quiet revolution. You can have your body frozen, dissected, composted, dissolved, or tanned. Your family can incorporate your remains into jewelry, shotgun shells, paperweights, and artwork. Cremations have more than doubled, and DIY home funerals and green burials are on the rise. American Afterlives is Shannon Lee Dawdy's lyrical and compassionate account of changing death practices in America as people face their own mortality and search for a different kind of afterlife.As an anthropologist and archaeologist, Dawdy knows that how a society treats its dead yields powerful clues about its beliefs and values. As someone who has experienced loss herself, she knows there is no way to tell this story without also reexamining her own views about death and dying. In this meditative and gently humorous book, Dawdy embarks on a transformative journey across the United States, talking to funeral directors, death-care entrepreneurs, designers, cemetery owners, death doulas, and ordinary people from all walks of life. What she discovers is that, by reinventing death, Americans are reworking their ideas about personhood, ritual, and connection across generations. She also confronts the seeming contradiction that American death is becoming at the same time more materialistic and more spiritual.Written in conjunction with a documentary film project, American Afterlives features images by cinematographer Daniel Zox that provide their own testament to our rapidly changing attitudes toward death and the afterlife.

How the prized matsutake mushroom is remaking human communities in China -- and providing new ways to understand human and more-than-human worlds. What a Mushroom Lives For pushes today's mushroom renaissance in compelling new directions.

One size does not fit all when it comes to education.In modern society, education has been and continues to be shaped, informed, and driven by a so-called "grammar of schooling": an approach which completely ignores the many and diverse identities that learners own, are given, and encounter. Categorising students into neat, labelled boxes, splintering knowledge into strictly defined subjects, and fracturing learning - this grammar of schooling desperately needs rewriting.Through narratives from teachers, students, and their families, this book explores the lived experiences of those who are forced to live with the current approach, and the consequences for their lives, relationship, and education. It also asks the question of what creative and holistic alternative approaches might look like - when the rules aren't working, the rulebook can be rewritten.

This handbook offers epistemologically and ontologically important personal accounts of academic and professional researchers having long-term intensive, comprehensive and ethnographic fieldwork in various social settings and versatile regional contexts across the globe. The accounts are cross-disciplinary including anthropology, sociology, geography, political sciences, gender studies, forestry and environmental studies, economics, and international relations. They are also trans-regional, covering the globe including South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America and North America. The book offers a comprehensive portrait of multifaceted challenges that social researchers experience while doing fieldwork in various social settings. The accounts provide both challenges of doing fieldwork in the 21st century and the ways how to address/redress them in the field by complying with the codes of ethics, and the politics of fieldwork. Readers will benefit from the handbook by understanding methodological issues from both disciplinary relevance and regional specificity across time and spaces.

Ethnic classification is the process of establishing standards, such as shared ancestry, language, religious practices, cultural traditions, and geographical distributions, for categorizing ethnic groups. Tracing the history of China to its tribal origins, the book explores how the identities of the numerous ethnic groups in China were established and how these groups interact with one another. By comparing and contrasting exonyms and autonyms, the authors offer an insightful ethnographic analysis of the system for assigning ethnonyms. Drawing on a large body of research in history, folklore studies, archaeology and linguistics as well as a rich trove of primary sources, the book provides readers with a both expansive and in-depth look at how people understand their similarities with, differences from and relationship to one another.