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Insights and Practical Implications for Contracting Authorities and Suppliers]]>

These are the WTO's authorized and paginated reports in English. They are an essential addition to the library of all practising trade lawyers and a useful tool for students and academics worldwide working in the field of international economic or trade law. The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 2019: I-III.

These are the WTO's authorized and paginated reports in English. They are an essential addition to the library of all practising trade lawyers and a useful tool for students and academics worldwide working in the field of international economic or trade law. The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 2019: I-III.

These are the WTO's authorized and paginated reports in English. They are an essential addition to the library of all practising trade lawyers and a useful tool for students and academics worldwide working in the field of international economic or trade law. The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 2019: I-III.

This book discusses the most recent developments in the WTO regime. Issues such as E-commerce, security exception clause, China's compliance with the WTO obligations, sustainability development, IP protection in FTZs, trade controls and etc., are at the forefront of WTO studies. These issues strongly influence people's understanding of the current role of WTO and provides possible way to revitalize the function of WTO. Meanwhile, as the world's second largest economy, the world's largest trading nation and the holder of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, China is apparently a powerful figure in leading these issues. Therefore, this book explores extensively these issues from a Chinese perspective to see what China could do to reboost the world trade.

Decoding Global Growth is your comprehensive guidebook, offering a roadmap to navigate the intricate landscape of global expansion.

Perspectives on Afghanistan's Trade and Development offers a rich and varied policy analysis for those who wish to design a policy to bolster exports from Afghanistan, and for academicians, researchers and students who wish to gain greater insight into this developing economy.

The growing number of states with weak capacity to carry out basic governance functions is leading to unacceptable levels of human suffering. Using Ethiopia as a case study, this book acknowledges the multidimensional nature of state fragility and highlights the non-political factors that drive it.The first part uses institutional theory to explore how weak institutions become a source of state fragility by undermining social cohesion and the broader economic progress of countries. Part two examines the role of entrepreneurship and industrial policy as a means of creating and sustaining economic and political stability, trade policy as a means of increasing incomes and easing tensions, and technology policy as a means of engaging people in entrepreneurship and innovation. The final chapter provides lessons that fragile nations can learn from successful developing countries in Southeast Asia and Latin America.This book will appeal to researchers interested in international business, economic and business policy, international trade, and emerging markets who seek to understand how fragile states can promote sustainable peace and development.

This book explores how the economic sphere has experienced an ultimate shape after the occurrence of several crises, since 2000s. The subprime crisis has trigged the transition from conventional to unconventional frameworks in most industrialised and emerging economies. This book highlights how the sovereign debt crisis has exacerbated the economic environment and raised economic uncertainty. This book asserts that markets integration have boosted contagion and risk spillovers among financial markets. Moreover, the Brexit and US-China trade tension has intensified uncertainty and the economic challenges. This book examines in recent times how humanity has experienced the most dramatic health crisis and their economic effects. This pandemic lockdowns several countries and caused an economic and financial collapse. This book expands on these crises, with different origins and mechanisms, have shaped the economic systems in several ways: monetary policy, macroeconomic imbalance, economic growth, economic integration, financial risk, volatility and trade effects.The main aims of this book cover the topical issues related to crises and uncertainty and the economic consequences. This book is drawn from academics and practitioners presenting high-quality original research papers, presented in the Financial and Economic Meeting conference 2021.

This book is a collection of contributions related to IndiäChina relationship beyond the issue of borders. It focuses on those elements that play important role in defining, continuing, and strengthening the interaction between the two countries. In doing so, it explores roles of language and linguistics, history and culture, politics and economy, and philosophy and sociology that mediated ancient and modern interfaces.The book observes the role of silk route in the economic, political, and scholarly exchanges between ancient civilizations and in the movement of Buddhism to China and other Asian nations. The contributors highlight how the two countries have co-existed in various eras and tackled issues of conflict and cooperation during lows and highs in the past and present. It pays special attention to the role of language and linguistic competence as an important component of socio-cultural comprehension of a society and introduces major innovations and challenges inteaching and learning the Chinese language.The wide-ranging contributions make the book an attractive resource for academics, think-tanks, diplomats, and researchers working on Asian/IndiäChina studies across the globe.

This book discusses Indonesia's international economic strategies. It examines unilateral aspects, foreign direct investments, bilateral economic relations, regional elements, ASEAN's role, and the Indo-Pacific's dynamic frameworks.Starting at the unilateral level, the book outlines how Indonesia managed its macro-economy to recover quickly and adequately from 2020 to 2021 amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that Indonesia needs an open economic principle to enhance trade and investment relations. In addition, the book elaborates on how Indonesia transforms its economy with export-oriented long-run investment (Foreign Direct Investment) inflows as a necessary condition for economic transformation as it fits with Indonesia's manufacturing sector, which is critical to the country. Further, the book thoroughly explains Indonesia's bilateral economic relations, from its production networks with Indonesia's major partners to their impacts. It highlights the products which will provide enormous potential benefits for the country.The book also covers regional and mega-regional aspects of Indonesia's economy. Focusing on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), it emphasises the regional organisation's three essential principles for economic integration: openness, convergence, and inclusiveness. In doing so, research in the book also includes perspectives on how ASEAN sees Asia and the Indo-Pacific framework. It also argues that ASEAN needs centrality in enlarging its economic cooperation with other countries or regions and how a member state's unilateral and bilateral liberalisation are building blocks for ASEAN.

This book thoroughly covers the commercial code of Japan and the laws that govern its operation. It is a must-read for anyone seeking to conduct business in Japan.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka have economies that are categorised as capital deficit, whereas economies with abundant capital - such as those in Western Europe and North America - have lost little value in comparison during the global pandemic and other economic periods of this downturn. It is therefore a question of resilience that separates these developing economies. The Framework for Resilient Industry examines the historical background of the Indian industry, its current status, and future opportunities and challenges. The chapters frame the historical context of the Indian industry and delves into region-specific issues such as micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), economic policy, risk management and sustainable industries. The findings are valuable to policymakers, industrialists, and governments, both state and central, through efficient analysis. Academics, researchers, and students will also benefit from this discourse on economic resiliency. Emerald Studies in Finance, Insurance, and Risk Management provides a platform for authors to explore, analyse and discuss current and new financial models and theories, and engage with innovative research on an international scale. Subjects of interest may include banking, accounting, auditing, compliance, sustainability, behaviour, management, and business economics.

This book provides perspectives on the relevance of European Studies as a disciplinary category for the Asian region. That being the primary focus, the book serves a larger purpose. First, it provides insights on European society, polity and economy (including European Integration) as they are accounted in European Studies. The epistemological character of the knowledge thus conveyed has larger credibility and reliability such that they can become policy inputs and imaginations for strengthening Asian-European relationship. This approach helps overcome the trap of subjectively motivated discourses on Europe which may fail potential collaborations between the regions. Second, the design and discursivity of European Studies will be an instruction to the Asian region on the constitutive potential of regional studies in society-building. Third, the book works towards building the idea of ¿Europe¿ in terms of international law, in the minds of Asian students, researchers and decision-makers. This is extremely relevant for the future relationship and cultural engagement between the two regions. The book is of interest to policymakers, academics, embassies, state-level government offices, researchers and students.

This book focuses on rapprochement and normalisation between Israel and some Arab countries within the context of global and regional geopolitics, bringing together broader perspectives on transformations resulting from this. The analysis is rooted in a historical and cultural construction of the region as an Islamic sphere viewing Israel as a perpetuation of the Western colonial project in the region. It analyses how this normalisation must not be treated as a novel phenomenon, but as a reconstruction of the past and continuity in tradition geared at regional stability, signifying a wider shift in the structure of the global international system. The first section addresses the international perspectives of the changing dynamics through the lens of US domestic politics, disengagement plans, Chinäs increasing understanding of the geopolitics of the Abrahamic world. It equally pays enough attention to the attendant implications of this normalisation.The second section of the book explores the reflections of regional (state and non-state) actors, such as Turkey, Iran, Syria, Pakistan, and Hezbollah, and the catalysing effects of this normalisation within and beyond the region. The book is a rich resource for scholars of regional and international relations, in particular Middle East studies. It provides useful reading material for both undergraduate and graduate students of Political Science, think tanks, diplomats, and IR experts and policy analysts, who are desirous of having rich theoretical and empirical underpinnings of unfolding realities in the larger Middle East.

This book focuses on input trade liberalization in China and discusses the underlying causes and profound effects of Chinese enterprises facing import liberalization of intermediate input. The content of this book includes ten chapters. The analysis of this book mainly uses academic research, with policy study for a few chapters. Most chapters in this book apply the standard method of contemporary economic systems, integrating into the most advanced economic theories of international trade. The author uses theoretical models to obtain predictions which receive empirical support and carries out strict empirical research using data of China's manufacturing enterprises and China's customs to analyze the causes which affect Chinese enterprises facing import liberalization of intermediate input after Chinäs reform and opening-up.The suggested readership would be the public who are willing to understand the issues closely related to Chinäs input trade liberalization and opening-up policy, and basic knowledge in economics would be necessary in understanding the academic research part of the book. Meanwhile, this book is also specifically compelling to business persons and policy makers in that it enables deeper understanding on issues about outward foreign investment of enterprises and Chinäs opening-up policy and facilitates their decision-making process.

< p="">This book is a machine-generated literature overview that explores the impact of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on international trade and its development. It looks at international trade before and after 1995 when WTO was established. It highlights the journey of the reciprocity-based reforms under WTO that were expected to help the developing and less developed countries (LDCs) more vis-à-vis their developed counterparts, given the existence of systemic and structural bottlenecks in the latter territories. The enabling steps were further expected to promote exports from developing countries and LDCs in line with their comparative advantage patterns, enhance the wage level and in turn, facilitate development of local population. The book showcases how during the first decade after WTO inception, a considerable progress was made for facilitating exports from the lower and lower-middle income countries through crucial provisions like less than full reciprocity (LTFR), Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), support measures under Aid for Trade, zero duty preferences under Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) and so on. However, the pace of WTO reforms has slowed down in the aftermath of the sub-prime crisis in 2008-09 and subsequent focus on formation of regional trade agreements (RTAs). In particular, in the aftermath of Covid-19, a trend towards de-globalization has been noticed, with considerable ramifications for the development of lower-income countries. In this background, there is a need to analyze how the deepening of trade flows and the subsequent de-globalization waves in the global canvas have traversed different paths in different continents and draw the appropriate lessons for the understanding the trade-development interlinkage therein. With insightful observations from the human editors, this machine-generated overview would be of interest to academicians, policy research community, advisory research community, and students ofinternational trade globally.^

This book is for use in IMBA, MIB, LLM and other graduate programs; in university-based executive development programs; and in in-company seminars - and for use as a handbook and reference book by managers, executives, board members, consultants, and legal counsel who are engaged in the practice of international trade and/or foreign direct investment (FDI).The authors provide an advanced introduction to international trade and FDI terms, concepts, principles, and practices - and to the governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental factors that regulate or facilitate the conduct of international trade and FDI. These factors include: tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers, and other barriers to trade;entry and post-entry barriers to FDI;provisions contained in the GATT and other trade instruments;the functionalities of the WTO, other global mechanisms, and regional trade blocks; andinternational standards, the harmonization of laws, and the settlement of disputes.The material in the book is drawn from multiple disciplines, which include international relations, international trade, international law, and economic and diplomatic history; relies primarily on original source materials; makes extensive use of examples; and is formatted to facilitate its use as a textbook, handbook, and reference book.