Politisk økonomi

This volume represents a comprehensive state-of-the-art picture of family business and entrepreneurship issues in countries belonging to the Gulf Cooperation Council.  It provides major theoretical and empirical evidence which depicts the current processes in each GCC country including problems, faced by family business owners and entrepreneurs, such as succession, financial constraints, and conflicts. The chapters offer recommendations to policy makers on how to improve the general business environment and encourage potential investors, researchers, academicians, and professionals to be more involved in the region. The book is an outcome of a long-lasting endeavor and includes contributions from highly reputed authors and experts from the region and abroad.

Government departments are constantly challenged with changing environments, complex socio-economic issues and shifting policy direction. Organizations and their teams need to be agile, resilient and future-proof.Enter Design Thinking!Design Thinking is a human-centered approach that provides the structure and the tools to turn challenges into opportunities. It helps to increase innovation, build resilience and create efficiencies. Design thinking excels at distilling a complicated challenge into clearer, more manageable problems. It also helps to identify and ensure user needs are at the core of each phase of the design process. It stimulates teamwork and collaboration, while mitigating uncertainty and future shocks.This book introduces the key steps of design thinking to give your team confidence in using this systematic design approach to creative problem-solving at work. Equipped with real-world examples, it provides guidance for implementing a user-centric design to deliver the best possible services and solutions._______________'The steps that are covered in this book, especially empathizing with the clients or end users, was a critical success factor in the release of the new digitized application process and has a direct impact on the lives of Canadians.'Jason Mombourquette - Director General, Royal Canadian Mounted Police 'Super easy to read, loved the examples and the illustrations. The book helps me realize that prototyping is somewhat natural for us and it's an essential step to create solutions that work.'Liz McKeown - Executive Director, Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat

Kosovo has its own social development history and social existence, very interesting and often complicated as a result of many developments. Kosovo started its basic pension scheme with 28 marks in 2002; today this pension is 110 euros, while the retirement pension is expected to be around 240 euros per month. The basic pension scheme is decreasing due to persons who are not in life, while social assistance has fallen far since 2002, which was 53 thousand families, now this scheme content is only 27,000 families this number is falling as in the meantime, the state spending on social schemes has been added to other schemes such as those of war veterans where it is not yet final and the verified list, which currently includes more than 60 thousand former fighters, the new schemes now added women raped during the war in 1998-1999. Kosovo has many social schemes that are still not reformed. Such schemes are understood to receive money from the state budget, about 280 million euros of the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, which are largely spent on social schemes, while employment is far from every barometer of economic development.

Jakob Graf wirft in diesem Open-Access-Buch die Frage auf, wie sozialökologische Konflikte am Rande der Weltwirtschaft soziologisch verstanden werden können. Dabei zeigt er, dass gerade in durch Rohstoffausbeutung gekennzeichneten Ländern des Globalen Südens große Teile der Erwerbstätigen nicht mittels Lohnarbeit in den globalen Kapitalismus integriert werden. Aus Sicht der kapitalistischen Weltwirtschaft sind große Teile der weltweiten Armen vielmehr ¿überflüssig¿. Der Autor zeigt, dass diese Menschen allerdings nicht einfach ¿arbeitslos¿, sondern vielfach wirtschaftlich aktiv sind; sie tragen in entscheidendem Maße zum Überleben der Menschen in ärmeren Ländern bei. Wie aus dem Widerspruch zwischen diesen lokalen ¿bedarfsökonomischen¿ Aktivitäten und der kapitalistischen Wirtschaft sozialökologische Konflikte entstehen, verdeutlicht Graf am Beispiel der indigenen Mapuche im Süden Chiles. Diese setzen sich gegen die Expansion der industriellen Forstwirtschaft zur Wehr, die für die Weltmärkte in riesigen Forstplantagen Zellstoff produziert. Als historisch "Enteignete" kämpfen die Mapuche für die Wiederaneignung ihres Landes und ihrer Ressourcen. Graf analysiert die Funktionsweise derartiger Konflikte, er fragt, wie sich die soziale Gruppe der ¿Überflüssigen¿ soziologisch verstehen lässt.

Der Kapitalismus hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten unbestreitbar einen enormen Wohlstand mit sich gebracht. Warum also, und dies ist die Kernfrage des Buches, wird dieser Kapitalismus immer wieder infrage gestellt, ja sogar teilweise rigoros bekämpft? Kritikerinnen und Kritiker sehen im Kapitalismus den Ursprung sozialer Ungerechtigkeit, wachsender Armut und der Klimakatastrophe. Der Kapitalismus setze systembedingt auf unendliches Wachstum, was in einer Welt endlicher Ressourcen so nicht mehr weitergehen könne. Der kapitalistische Wettbewerb fördere eine egoistische Ellenbogengesellschaft anstelle einer gesellschaftlich dringend notwendigen Solidarität. Vor allem die jüngere Generation kann mit dem Kapitalismus vielfach nichts mehr anfangen. Dieses Buch spürt den Gründen für die Entwicklung hin zu einer kapitalismuskritischen Gesellschaft nach und erläutert mögliche Wege zu einem reformierten Kapitalismus, der sozialer, ökologischer und stärker wertebasiert ist.

This book explores the early work and activities of Joan Robinson that focused on economic development within underdeveloped countries, in particular India before independence. By analysing the style of Robinson's thinking and economic analysis, and based on the works of Indian contemporaries, parts of The British Crown and the Indian States previously unattributed to her are seen to exhibit her preoccupation with poverty, backwardness, unemployment, the population problem, international trade, and the role of the state. Through keeping in mind Robinson's later work, the development of her ideas can be reflected upon, alongside critical perspectives. It also reveals the beginnings of her role as a public intellectual.This book aims to shed new light on Joan Robinson's work on development and to provide insight to an overlooked part of her research. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought, development economics and economic history.

This book examines how international trade can be utilised to build a sustainable future. It highlights how international trade and climate regimes can work together to put in place a Green New Deal. The potential of mega-regional trade agreements to aid climate change mitigation and power the energy transition is explored in relation to the energy section, with a particular focus on clean technology. Broader perspectives are provided by an analysis of international trading systems in the Caribbean and Pacific Islands and a review of climate change law and policy in Brazil, Russia, India, and China.This book aims to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of how green trade can be achieved. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in international trade and environmental economics.

During World War I, the British government found itself in need of new sources of revenue to finance the war effort. In this book, the Fabian Research Department provides a variety of ideas for how the government can raise the necessary funds without overburdening the working class. This book remains relevant today for students of economics and political science.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

"In the last four decades, China's economy and living standards have completely transformed. Wang Feng charts the origins, forces, and consequences of this meteoric rise in prosperity, shifting our perspective toward rural populations as drivers of global change, and anticipating possible headwinds for future growth"--

"This book is an essential reading for students, researchers and non-academic experts dealing with environmental, economic and social science aspects of the circular bioeconomy and with sustainability in general"--

This book is a treatise on cultural globalization and the global political economy. By introducing the transnational public domain in the study of Chinäs Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the book goes beyond existing theoretical frameworks involving both the ¿clash between civilizations¿ and the ¿time-worn division¿ of the world into North and South. It advances a new focus on the theoretical and empirical elements that canvass global cultural behaviours and reactionary attitudes to the expanding Chinese economic norms, cultures and values in different national contexts. Readers of political theory, global political economy, globalization, international relations, political sociology, cultural sociology, public policy and foreign policy analysis will find interest in the book. Whereas new nationalism couples with globalism, both concepts are rediscovered through various socio-economic contexts of BRI policy discourses, which produce conflicts, solidarities, new economic partnerships, and cooperation and resistance as types of contemporary nationalism. The new nationalism is approached as a dual-sided, relational, and dialectical phenomenon which readers will capture by paying particular attention to both the global and local scales of the social responses to the BRI.

This book examines social inequalities in Europe, especially those caused by economic factors. It starts with the paradox of European inequality, where on the one hand, even total income inequality in Europe is significantly lower than in most parts of the world; but on the other, Europe is also characterised by profound and durable inequalities within the continent. It discusses inequalities caused by the exclusion of marginalised groups from the labour market, with considerable and sometimes increasing differences between central and peripheral regions, pronounced wealth and labour market inequalities, and significant rates of persistent poverty, deprivation, educational poverty, low wages and unemployment. The book also discusses broader territorial inequalities, which are the basis for divisions between Northern and Southern Europe, East and West, between qualified and unqualified employees, younger and older people, men and women, and migrants and non-migrants. The book raises questions about the winners and losers of the social transformations linked to the introduction of the Euro, the Eastern enlargement of the EU, and the financial and Eurozone crises. It is based on a comprehensive analysis of a European-wide microdata set on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). The empirical research material, which is the first to deploy this data in a comprehensive manner, consists of detailed empirical analyses of social divisions and Europeanisation processes in 30 European countries. It analyses and explains the transformation of the previously dominant national spaces into a European social space.This topical book is of interest to academics and students in the fields of sociology and comparative social sciences, along with those studying European regional geography, anthropology, international relations, and international politics.

Energy policies play a pivotal part in helping countries achieve their sustainable development goals. Further, energy is one of the critical raw materials in companies' production processes. Therefore, ensuring a steady energy supply is essential to increasing production; otherwise, countries will inevitably slide into recession. In this context, countries should select their energy policies on the basis of a comprehensive analysis. In order to achieve this goal, many different factors must be considered at the same time.The aim of this book is to determine the right energy policies for the sustainable economic development of countries. In this framework, effective strategies for different types of energy will be presented and vital issues such as determining the right locations for nuclear power plants, providing optimal government incentives to increase clean energy investments, and determining appropriate energy policies to reduce energy dependence will be examined. Thus, country-specific optimal energy policies will be outlined, contributing to the achievement of the UN's sustainable development goals (SDG). 

This book examines the economic, social and political thought of two highly influential cross-disciplinary contributors to the debate in the United Kingdom about welfare economics, social welfare, nationalisation and public policy. Active between the 1880s and the 1930s, their many books, papers, lectures and speeches shaped the discourse on heterodox economics, social democracy and the managed economy. The Webbs sat on Royal Commissions, permeated local and central government, and were instrumental in the creation of the London School of Economics. This book discusses and assesses their contribution to the broad topics of inequality, poverty, unemployment, freedom, capitalism, socialism, constitutional reform, social evolution and the historical school. Issues such as these remain at the forefront of contemporary discussions not just in Britain but throughout the world.

The purpose of this book is to offer those who identify with America's democratic political left (broadly defined to include Democrats, Democratic Socialists, Greens, Libertarians, and even liberal Republicans) a guide to understanding how rigorous analysis can be applied in order to identify public policies that are both consistent with their values, and likely to actually work. The book argues the importance of reference to basic scientific principles (in particular, social science and economic principles) and factual evidence for people who identify with the political left, rather than them assuming automatic positions on issues. Foundational scientific principles such as general equilibrium, Keynesian economics, asymmetric information, the use of proxy variables, and causal inference, are discussed and explained.The book consists of 12 chapters. Following two foundational chapters, the book addresses areas including monetary policy, income redistribution, healthcare, social security, education, immigration, climate change, the proper roles of the public and private sectors of the economy, and race relations.Written in accessible, engaging and non-technical language, Public Policy for Progressives will be of interest to scholars and students of economics, philosophy, political science, and public policy, as well as policy makers themselves.

This book presents to the reader the economic, fiscal and financial crises in world history that have had a great impact on the entire world and the fiscal measures taken by governments to combat each crisis since the 1600s in chronological order. Such events are often described as Black Swans, a concept introduced by economist and risk analyst Nassim Nicholas Taleb in the book Fooled By Randomness in 2001, in reference to events that were thought to be impossible but had a huge impact when they did happen.The first part of the book discusses the crisis models in order to allow the reader to better understand the financial, fiscal and economic crises that are detailed in the following chapters. Each chapter starts with an overview of the crisis in question followed by an analysis of the impact on the affected countries. They go on to highlight the causes of the crisis in question, the fiscal and financial measures employed to recover from it and ends on a description of the post-crisis period.Given the profusion of black swan events that the 21st century has already witnessed, this book would be a valuable read for academics and students of economics as well as practitioners and policy makers. 

In "The Future of Agriculture," the author delves into the multifaceted repercussions of global warming on the agricultural landscape. Through rigorous research, field studies, and predictive models, this compelling work paints a picture of a world where the changing climate has upended traditional farming paradigms and where new opportunities and challenges await farmers, policymakers, and consumers alike.The author begins with a comprehensive overview of the undeniable shifts observed in precipitation patterns, soil health, and pest dynamics. These shifts, as she illustrates, have had cascading effects on crop yields, food prices, and the very map of global food production.However, it's not all grim. The narrative highlights regions and crops that could benefit from warming temperatures, providing a glimmer of hope and untapped opportunities. For instance, areas previously unsuitable for certain crops due to cold constraints might find themselves becoming the new breadbaskets of the world. On the other hand, traditional agricultural powerhouses may face dwindling yields and escalating challenges.The book also delves deep into the human side of the equation. From smallholder farmers in Africa to agri-businesses in the American Midwest, Harwood offers readers a window into the lives and livelihoods most at stake. The narrative addresses pressing questions: Who will be the winners and losers in this new world? How can farming communities adapt? And what role do governments, corporations, and innovation play in ensuring food security?"The Future of Agriculture" isn't just a scientific exposition; it's a call to action. The author underscores the need for global cooperation, sustainable practices, and forward-thinking policies to navigate this uncertain terrain. With rich anecdotes, data-driven insights, and a clear-eyed view of the future, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the intersection of climate change and food security.

"In How Economics Explains the World, Harvard-trained economist Andrew Leigh presents a new way to understand the human story. From the dawn of agriculture to AI, here is story of how ingenuity, greed, and desire for betterment have, to an astonishing degree, determined our past, present, and future."--

Climate shocks - and the many negative climatic tipping points - are all too real. So are positive, economic ones pointing in theright direction. The climate race is on, and despite the best attempts by some, there's no going back. Low-carbon, high-efficiency technologies will only get better and cheaper over time. Oil, coal, and gas, meanwhile, are commodities, whose prices will always fluctuate due to geopolitical vagaries and other factors out of our control. The best medicine for addressing "fossilflation"? Getting off fossil fuels.In this collection of over a dozen globally syndicated columns, written over the past year since the US Infl ation Reduction Lawbecame law, climate economist Gernot Wagner takes a sober look at both unmitigated climate risks and the trillion-dollarbusiness opportunities of the clean-energy race. Not every company or country will win. The one clear winner: the planet.Wagner lays out in clear, crisp language what it takes to take advantage of the opportunities, how to avoid some of thepitfalls, and how the EU and the rest of the world should respond to the US.

TTIP is not "dead". The author demonstrates why many of the TTIP negotiating content is more relevant today than ever before in connection with the ongoing EU-US trade negotiations that have been picking up new speed. From the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) to the Trump administration's trade war, this book examines the transatlantic trade relationship between the European Union and the United States and the political implications on both sides of the Atlantic. This book also provides policy recommendations for both sides on how to move forward based on the analysis. An outlook for trade in the 21st century is provided drawing on trade history between the two entities over the years up until the current 2023 trends.

The purpose of this book is to introduce readers to INDOPACOM, which is responsible for U.S. military operations in a region covering approximately 50 percent of the Earth from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean.  INDOPACOM has not received much attention in Japan compared to USFJ or the US Seventh Fleet. This book shines a spotlight on INDOPACOM in an effort to promote an understanding of its various aspects. The mission of INDOPACOM is to protect U.S. territory, people, and national interests. However, it also includes protection of the countries within its geographic scope that are U.S. allies and security partners.  INDOPACOM and its precursor Pacific Command, established in 1947, have always been major contributors to the peace and safety of Japan in the post-World War II era. In view of the importance of U.S. interests in Northeast Asia, the region also has two Sub-Unified Combatant Commands called United States Forces Japan (USFJ) and United States Forces Korea (USFK). Each of these organizations strives to strengthen the relationship with the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the Republic of Korea armed forces. Together, the United States, Japan and our partners around the globe will continue to safeguard the rules-based security order that has underpinned peace and prosperity for decades.

Den forbandede del er Georges Batailles politiske økonomiske teori, hvori han indvarsler en kopernikansk vending: en omvending af, hvordan vi tænker økonomi, vores materielle grundlag, livets overflod og den energi, vi har til rådighed. En begrænset økonomisk tænkning tager afsæt i knaphed og mangel, i produktion, rationalitet og nytte, uden blik for den uomsættelige rest, der er en del af enhver produktion. Den forbandede del er netop den uproduktive rest, der ikke kan omsættes rationelt eller nyttigt, men som må ødsles bort, på strålende vis, ellers katastrofalt. Udgangspunktet for Batailles generelle økonomi er med andre ord livets overflod, hvis kilde er solens ødsle udskænkning af energi. Spørgsmålet er så, hvordan vi udløser vores rigdomme, den overskydende forbandede del af energien, om det sker gennem festivaler, gavegivning, erotik, rus, kunst eller sågar ødelæggelseskrige.Det er første gang, at bogens første del foreligger i dansk oversættelse.Den forbandede del (et uddrag) og Himmelske legemer er en del af bogserien AFTRYK, der samler korte og vedkommende filosofiske tekster med væsentlig virkningshistorie. Jon Auring Grimm har skrevet introduktionen til teksten, der gør den relevant for studerende såvel som andre læsere med interesse for soløkonomi, kosmisk filosofi og det unyttige.

This book brings together researchers from different analytical perspectives for the study of contemporary geoeconomics to create a broader and more useful catalogue of conceptual tools, empirical entry points, and case studies around the subject. The distinctive contribution this book offers is its firm rooting in International Political Economy and the hitherto under-researched geoeconomics dynamics of Europe. Many existing accounts of geoeconomics have been developed in International Relations and often reproduce some of the state-centric and static assumptions of the discipline. Recent scholarship furthermore tends to focus on the US-China rivalry, thus discounting the role of other global powers in shaping geoeconomics. As a first collective contribution to the topic in the field of International Political Economy, the book stands to become a major reference point in the field for the coming years. Interest in geoeconomics as well as in related concepts like weaponized interdependence or emerging new rivalries has been on the rise in recent years and will be one of the key research areas in the coming decade of transition and change in Europe and beyond.Chapters 1, 2 and 7 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book takes a fresh and much needed perspective on the challenges of trade policy and explores possible futures for trade policy development. By taking the perspective of business studies, the book does not only focus on the economic, policy, or legislative perspectives, but views trade policy as a part of international business environment. The purpose of this book is to bring forward discussions on trade policy development and future development needs and offers a comprehensive read for international business researchers, practitioners and policymakers regarding the interconnections of trade policy and international business.