Miljøøkonomi

This volume of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition, describes technologies that actively convert solar radiation into useful heat in a temperature range from just above ambient up to more than 1,000(deg)C. Applications cover a broad range of energy services such as space heating, cooking, domestic hot water supply, electrical power generation, and high temperature thermochemical processes. The major developments that have led to currently available technologies for solar thermal energy applications were initiated mainly after the first oil shock in 1973. Solar thermal energy is widely used already for heating purposes (water, space) in the "e;low"e; temperature range up to about 100(deg)C employing mainly nonconcentrating collectors, whereas higher temperatures can be achieved with more sophisticated solar collector technologies. Temperatures over 200(deg)C typically require concentrating solar radiation using mirror systems. Several different technologies are described in detail in this volume, including solar collector systems in the lower temperature range, the direct use of solar radiation for food processing, namely cooking and drying, the production of electricity through conversion of solar radiation first to heat, driving a mechanical conversion system coupled to an electric generator, the use of solar radiation to drive chemical processes, and many more.

In 1989 the Dutch government published a National Environmental Policy Plan (Dutch abbreviation NMP). This NMP is based on the book Concern for Tomorrow. a national environmental survey by RIVM (the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection). A major conclusion of the RIVM study was that emissions of many pollutants had to be cut by 70 - 90 % in order to reach environmental quality goals. The government accepted the RIVM analysis and consequently ClUTent Dutch environmental policy aims at large reduction of pollutants. Another conclusion of the RIVM study was that such high reduction goals would not be easy to achieve by technological means alone, and that thus structural changes would be required. These changes could eventually lead to sustainable development, which now forms the major focus of Dutch government national environmental policy. This being so, the Dutch government requested that RIVM in subsequent issues of Concern for Tomorrow should investigate the options for sustainable development.

This book provides the first comprehensive overview of the most important water-related issues that centre on Italy, analysed from several disciplinary perspectives ¿ such as hydrology, economics, law, sociology, environmental sciences and policy studies ¿ in order to promote full understanding of the challenges the country is facing and the ways it could best tackle them.Despite the misconception that Italy is a water-scarce country, is in fact quite rich in water resources. Such resources, however, are unevenly distributed over the Italian territory. Italy¿s northern regions rely on quite an abundant quantity of freshwater, whereas in the southern area water endowment is limited. Moreover, climatic differences between North and South contribute to widen the divide. This disparity has notable consequences of socio-economic character, some of which, in turn, feed back into the environmental conditions of Italian regions: pollution, floods, landslides and droughts are among the problems affecting the country. There are numerous features of water use and consumption that distinguish Italy from other comparable countries, such as the significant role played by agriculture (a water-intensive activity), a lead position in the consumption of bottled water, lower-than-average prices of water and a far-from-optimal efficiency of waterworks. All such aspects, and many others, make Italy an essential case study.

Revised and updated for the 2nd edition, this textbook provides an analysis and investigation of the most essential areas of environmental economic theory and policy, including international environmental problems. The approach is based on standard theoretical tools, in particular equilibrium analysis, and aims to demonstrate how economic principles can help to understand environmental issues and guide policymakers. Current topics including climate change, overfishing and integrated approaches to environmental policies are carefully analyzed in this framework, and a multitude of practical examples from various parts of the world is presented. Addressing undergraduate and graduate students, this book is a must read for everybody interested in a better understanding of environmental economics.

'A fascinating portal into arguments about why we need to get beyond money' - Harry CleaverWhat would a world without money look like? This book is a lively thought experiment that deepens our understanding of how money is the driver of political power, environmental destruction and social inequality today, arguing that it has to be abolished rather than repurposed to achieve a postcapitalist future.Grounded in historical debates about money, Anitra Nelson draws on a spectrum of political and economic thought and activism, including feminism, ecoanarchism, degrowth, permaculture, autonomism, Marxism and ecosocialism. Looking to Indigenous rights activism and the defence of commons, an international network of activists engaged in a fight for a money-free society emerges.Beyond Money shows that, by organising around post-money versions of the future, activists have a hope of creating a world that embodies their radical values and visions.

This open access book examines the transition to sustainable energy systems in emerging cities. Experts from around the world present case studies from different countries and discuss efforts were needed for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The authors look into the issue of environment vs. economics and discuss the question of whether the energy transition goal can conflict with other development goals such as decent work and economic growth. Furthermore, innovation in energy transition is introduced, both in technology and citizens¿ engagement. The book presents the latest developments on energy access and transition to sustainability throughout the overall value chain: from basic research in universities to documentation of lessons learned in the field. The empirical evidence presented makes this book appealing to scholars in the field of energy sustainability as well as to policy-makers and energy service companies.

Dieses Buch versammelt etwa 300 Schlüsselbegriffe, auf Deutsch und auf Englisch, die sich auf nachhaltige Entwicklung und auf ökologische, soziale und Unternehmensführungsthemen beziehen. Diese im Bereich von CSR häufig verwendeten Begriffe sind der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der aktuellen und zukünftigen Umsetzung von CSR-Praktiken und ¿Strategien im Management. Sie veranschaulichen auch CSR-Berichtsstandards und helfen bei der Einschätzung und Bewertung von Nachhaltigkeits-Ratings.

"Globalization has no future. Political stability is a thing of the past; climate chaos is intensifying; anxiety disorders are of epidemic proportions; extremism and fundamentalism are becoming the norm. And yet we cling to the wreckage. Politicians of every hue continue to be in thrall to the global market. To challenge 'free trade,' which is the very essence of globalization, is all but unthinkable. But challeng it we must. And replace it. The future will be local. And the good news is that it is already happening. Under the radar of the mainstream media, a worldwide localization movement is emerging. On every continent, people are coming together to claw back control over their own economies, and in doing so are rebuilding connections to one another, while repairing fractured communities and damaged environments."--Publisher's descriptio

We Think We Own It! A Journey Towards Sustainability, is a thought-provoking and progressive book, with scientific, philosophical, spiritual and theological roots, where people are encouraged to use their hearts and minds to seek a new strategy to bring about healing within humanity. Healing which will hopefully lead to improvements in these challenging global environmental times. All age groups will benefit from the clear explanations of the issues that the author believes are causing global warming and the inspirational strategic plan he suggests as to how these issues may be overcome. In this important book on global warming, you will learn through the lens of science, philosophy, spirituality and theology:The science behind global warming, carbon emissions, and climate change, and how, in spite of renewable energy research and development, humanity is far from resolving the problem. How humanity must have a change of heart (metanoia), and a change in attitude, where we strive to reduce our personal carbon footprint... this may in fact have to involve a reduction in our personal standard of living, where we consume less energy. How inspiration for this change in our life style may be obtained through Christian prayer, (friendship with God), other world religions/beliefs, spirituality and the philosophy of Rousseau. That we should get back to the basics of living a wholesome community life (mentioned in the mythology of Eden, before Satan appeared), where we show kindness towards each other, where we live in harmony and love together, banishing any delusional thought that we may have regarding ownership of the planet, and finally letting go of the potential to mislead others in our quest for wealth and property.How this change in how we live our lives will hopefully return this planet to a sustainable form, as perfect as the original Garden of Eden. I would like all who read this book, to be hopeful for the future of humanity on this planet. Hopeful that very good human nature (mentioned in Genesis), will prevail in the end. Where humanity inspired by genuine love, truth, and honesty, will take the necessary actions to make the planet sustainable once again, as sustainable as the original mythological Garden of Eden. Finally, I would like all who read this book to do something positive in their lives to help make this planet sustainable in the years to come. Tommy Treacy

Packed full of achievable and clever ways to reduce your impact on the planet, Low Cost/No Cost Tips for Sustainability in Cultural Heritage is simple clear and easy to follow. It is stuffed full of actions that you can take straight away, for little or no cost, that will have an immediate effect, regardless of whether you work in heritage or not. Inspiring, practical and brimming with great ideas, tips and tricks for living and working sustainably. 'Anyone who's passionate about sustainable living (not just in the workplace) will find this book to be such a useful resource' -Meeta Thareja, Co-founder and Director, MetaValue

Der vorliegende Sammelband mochte auf die Herausforderungen, die Chancen und auf die Erfolgspraktiken eines koordinierten Vorgehens im Aufbau von Resilienz aufmerksam machen. Der Herausgeberband bietet zudem eine Plattform fur beispielhafte Herangehensweisen und Handlungspraktiken in unterschiedlichen Systemkontexten, wobei er im Besonderen die Zusammenhange zwischen der organisationalen und der regionalen Systemebene adressiert. Anhand konzeptioneller Uberlegungen und gelungener Praxisbeispiele werden Weichenstellungen des bewussten Resilienzaufbaus auf kommunaler und nationaler Ebene skizziert.

Knowledge of environmental issues and sustainability is increasingly important as industrialization and climate change continue to wreak havoc on our ecosystems and our psyche. As temperatures rise-and icecaps shrink and storms lash our coastal areas into oblivion-being smart about carbon footprints, waste streams and consumer choices becomes increasingly important for all of us.Green Living, from the award-winning editors of E: The Environmental Magazine, offers a thorough, step-by-step plan for every making aspect of your life earth-friendly, from the laundry room to the kitchen:-Maintaining a healthy home-Going organic and avoiding genetically modified food-Finding a planet-friendly car-Making socially responsible investments-Using personal-care products free of damaging chemicalsWith advice on everything from planet-friendly cosmetics to home-based renewable energy, and straight talk on hemp, hybrids and hair dye, Green Living is the ideal reference for both the neophyte and the experienced environmentalist.

Taking Complexity Seriously applies the advanced policy analysis technique of triangulation to what is now the world's most complex public policy challenge: sustainable development. One central problem of public policy analysis has been to find new ways of analyzing issues of increasing complexity and uncertainty. Triangulation is perhaps the best example of these novel techniques, as it uses various methods, databases, theories, and approaches to converge on what to do about the complex issue in question. Taking Complexity Seriously uses four different theoretical approaches (Girardian economics, cultural theory, critical theory, and the local justice framework) to triangulation in order to converge on answers to four major policy questions: What is sustainable development? Why is it an issue? What needs to be done? What can actually be done? These four approaches are used to analyze the sustainable development controversy that recently arose in the pages of Science magazine and the journal Ecological Applications. These different approaches prove highly potent in defamiliarizing conventional wisdom about sustainable development. Ultimately the different approaches will converge on novel answers to the four questions. The practical implications of these conclusions are drawn out at the end of Taking Complexity Seriously in a detailed case study of ecosystem management.

This vol ume contains the proceedings of the second U. S. -Austral ia workshop on Renewable Resource Management held at the East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 9-12, 1985. The workshop was jointly sponsored by the National Science Foundation (USA) and the Department of Science and Technology (Austral ia) under the U. S. -Austral ia Cooperative Science Program. The objective of the workshop was to focus on problems associated with the management of renewable resource systems. A particular emphasis was given to methods for handling uncertain elements whieh are present in any real system. Toward this end, the partiei pants were chosen so that the collective expertise included mathematical modeling, dynamical control/game theory, ecology, and practical management of real systems. Each participant was invited to give an informal presentation in his field of expertise as related to the overall theme. The formal papers (contained in this vo 1 ume) were written after the workshop so that the authors coul d util ize the workshop experience in relating their own work to others. To further encourage this exchange, each paper contained in this volume was reviewed by two other participants who then wrote formal comments. These comments (with author's reply in some cases) are attached to the end of each paper.

In der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft herrscht Einigkeit darüber, daß sich die Erde erwärmt. Erbittert wird aber über das Ausmaß gestritten. Dieses Buch ist geeignet, die Debatte zu versachlichen und zu beleben. Der Autor beschreibt die neuesten wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse und die sich daraus ergebenden möglichen Folgen für das Erdklima. Die klare und ausgewogene Darstellung wird durch zahlreiche informative Karten und Graphiken unterstützt. Der Leser wird angeregt, über Fragen nachzudenken, die im Mittelpunkt der Umweltdiskussion stehen: Können wir unseren Lebensstil beibehalten? Welche Welt werden wir unseren Kindern hinterlassen? Sind wir fähig, von einem reinen Konsumverhalten zu einer schonenden Nutzung der Rohstoffe überzugehen?

Der intensiv diskutierte Begriff Transformation bezeichnet den umfassenden Umbau gesellschaftlicher Strukturen, um gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen durch tiefgreifende Veränderungen der Energie-, Verkehrs-, Produktions- und Agrarsysteme zu adressieren. Da solch komplexe Transformationen stets mit Unsicherheiten über Effekte und Folgen einhergehen, setzen sich die Beiträge kritisch mit den Chancen und Risiken dieser Prozesse auseinander und diskutieren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Technikfolgenabschätzung im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Transformationsprozesse. Der Band versammelt die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge der 8. internationalen Konferenz des Netzwerks Technikfolgenabschätzung, die vom 7. bis 8. November 2018 in Karlsruhe stattfand.Mit Beiträgen vonFabian Adelt, Marius Albiez, Annika Arnold, Walaa Bashary, Anja Bauer, Richard Beecroft, Alexander Bogner, Stefan Böschen, Tanja Bratan, Simone Colombo, Michael Decker, Rico Defila, Antonietta Di Giulio, Marion Dreyer, Elisabeth Ehrensperger, Philipp Ellett, Lorenz Erdmann, Ali Abdelshafy Ezzat, Erik Fisher, Michael Friedewald, Livia Fritz, Daniela Fuchs, Maryegli Fuss, Armin Grunwald, Niklas Gudowsky, Kristin Hagen, Simeon Hassemer, Alexandra Hausstein, Nils B. Heyen, Diego Iván Hidalgo Rodriguez, Peter Hocke, Florian Hoffmann, Sebastian Hoffmann, Michael Jonas, Dorothee Keppler, Jeanette Klink-Lehmann, Hannah Kosow, Cordula Kropp, Sophie Kuppler, Bastian Lange, Wolfgang Liebert, Ralf Lindner, Stephan Lingner, Andreas Lösch, Maria Maia, Martin Nicholas, Melanie Mbah, Franziska Meinherz, Rolf Meyer, Johanna Myrzik, Lisa Nabitz, Linda Nierling, Oliver Parodi, Witold-Roger Poganietz, Carmen Priefer, Filippo Reale, Ernst Dieter Rossmann, André Schaffrin, Dirk Scheer, Constanze Scherz, Jan Cornelius Schmidt, Maike Schmidt, Flurina Schneider, Andreas Seebacher, Astrid Segert, Mahshid Sotoudeh, Helge Torgersen, Ulrich Ufer, Karsten Weber, Matthias Weber und Johannes Weyer.

Bogen bidrager til den manglende systemkritik, ud fra de helt fundamentalt materielle vilkår. Og er et redskab til oplysning og forandring. Foster og Magdorff pointe er, at der må gøre op med de fundamentale mekanismer, som karakteriserer kapitalismen, får den til at fungere, og som indbyrdes hænger sammen: Vareproduktion, bytteværdi, penge, marked, akkumulation mm. Hvis vi skal videre og ikke mindst overbevise et flertal, så må vi i gang med at udforme et alternativ uden disse træk, så konkret som det nu er muligt; ud fra grundlæggende økologiske og demokratiske principper.

Økosocialisme – fra systemkritik til alternativ.Vi er hastigt på vej mod en klima- og miljøkatastrofe, mens ulighederne vokser og magten koncentreres på stadig færre hænder. Mange har på fornemmelsen, at der er noget grundlæggende galt med et system, der driver rovdrift på natur og mennesker. Der ér et alternativ! hævder forfatterne til denne bog. De forklarer ikke kun, hvordan kapitalismen spærrer for løsninger. De giver også deres bud på et andet, økosocialistisk samfund, hvor produktionen indrettes demokratisk ud fra de samfundsmæssige behov og inden for de miljømæssige grænser. Samtidig foreslår forfatterne veje til at sætte alternativet på dagsordenen gennem rød-grønne reformer og forening af sociale og økologiske kampe. Bogen samler bidrag af forfattere fra otte lande: Søren Kolstrup, tidligere MF. Pat Devine, Storbritannien. Michael Löwy, Frankrig. Asbjørn Wahl, Nathalie Guay, Canada. Lars Henriksson, Sverige Richard Smith, USA. Daniel Tanuro, Belgien