Urban økonomi

When it comes to the climate, we don't need more marketing or anxiety. We need established facts and a plan for collective action.The climate is the fundamental issue of our time, yet it seems we can barely agree on what is really going on, let alone what needs to be done. We urgently need facts, not opinions. Insights, not statistics.The Carbon Almanac is a once-in-a-lifetime collaboration between hundreds of writers, researchers, thinkers, and leaders that focuses on what we know, what has come before, and what might happen next. With thousands of data points, articles and charts explaining carbon's impact on everything in our society, from our the economy to extreme weather events, it is the definitive source for facts and the basis for a global movement to fight climate change. This book isn't what the oil companies, marketers, activists, or politicians want you to believe. This is what's really happening, right now. Our planet is in trouble, and no one concerned group, corporation, country, or hemisphere canaddress this on its own. We are in this together. And it's not too late for concerted, collective action for change.

This book of CRIOCM 2021 (26th International Conference on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate) presents the latest developments in real estate and construction management around the globe. The conference was organized by the Chinese Research Institute of Construction Management (CRIOCM) working in close collaboration with Tsinghua University. Written by international academics and professionals, the book discusses the latest achievements, research findings and advances in frontier disciplines in the field of construction management and real estate. Covering a wide range of topics, including building information modeling, big data, geographic information systems, housing policies, management of infrastructure projects, intelligent construction and smart city, real estate finance and economics and urban planning and sustainability, the discussions provide valuable insights into the implementation of advanced construction project management and real estate market in China and abroad. The book offers an outstanding resource for academics and professionals.

The book focuses on the key contemporary issue of Climate change, constructing the narrative from traditions' of Urbanism through its Axiology and Epistemology. The book is a rich collection of seven chapters and attempts to address each of the aspects and building further for traditional Urbanism. The book further explores the synergies of traditional urbanism for Climate change through climate responsive practices with main thrust on Energy use. The said understanding is validated through the case example of walled city of Jaipur:  World Heritage Site 2019. The chapters enumerate how the traditional urbanism of Jaipur was designed that evolved as climate responsive typology for the respective geography.

This book compares urban finances in cities located in two different South Asian countries and assesses their fiscal health. It uses simulation to estimate the required augmentation in financial resources by the urban local bodies (ULBs) to reach a level of city development that is significantly better compared to existing levels. The book provides a systematic analysis of the fiscal health of two city corporations in Bangladesh, viz. Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC); and one city corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal viz. Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). The choice of city corporations was based on the shared history and the similarity of heritage, culture, topography and socio-economic conditions. Both DNCC and DSCC as well as the KMC have a high population density, which puts immense pressure on the service delivery provided by these corporations of basic services such as water supply, sanitation facilities, street lighting, drainage and sewerage and waste disposal. This is compounded by poor fiscal health of the ULBs.  Using primary data collected through surveys and personal interviews and information obtained from official documents, the book estimates fiscal gaps of the ULBs and undertakes simple simulations to estimate potential revenue enhancements and expenditure requirements to deliver services at the internationally acceptable standards. It highlights under-exploited sources of revenue which can be better realized and also identifies untapped revenue sources that can be easily introduced, in order to significantly enhance city revenues. The book is an excellent resource not only for researchers studying this topic, but also for policy makers and urban planners, particularly those from developing countries having to deal with burgeoning cities with high migrant population density.

This book highlights a research-based design proposal which has the purpose of relieving from lack of global food supply. Due to the current overuse of land, it suggests an extension of aquatic food production with floating devices onto the sea. These devices are called SeaOasis because they function as an oasis as closed-loop systems and are therefore highly sustainable.Best geographic conditions for an extension from agriculture to aquaculture by SeaOasis match with coastal areas with serious or alarming hunger index. The low complexity, low-cost construction and the manageable size of the design is ideal for smallholders to support food security in terms of accessibility, affordability, and diversity of diet. Various configurations are described and coupled with expected revenues for potential seed-funded demonstration projects.The book presents the entire process from problem statement to design development and the preparation of its implementation. It showcases therefore also the benefits of aquatectural design as an interdisciplinary combination of aquatic architectural design, marine engineering and biology, sociology and economy

This book presents and critically evaluates the results of a European territorial cooperation project addressing the planning challenge of brownfield transformation in fragile territories. Set against the backdrop of the current scenario of deindustrialisation in the European Alps, the book describes how to read and interpret the spatial condition of industrial brownfields in peripheral mountain areas as complex transformation sites. Through key theoretical references, well-documented experiences and field activities, the book explores and advances an innovative methodology of design-based participatory planning conceived specifically for fragile socioeconomic and environmental contexts. The empirical basis for such a methodological exploration is provided by four pilot sites distributed between Austria, Italy, France and Slovenia, identified in the cooperation project as highly representative and recurring situations. The book includes a comparative review of the work carried out for the pilot sites, as well as the planning outcomes generated, providing a clear and operative reference for scholars, professionals and public officers called to face similar experiences.

This book is a visual guide to the territorial dynamics operating within a territory. The reading of such dynamics is fundamental in understanding the role of food in cities. This atlas provides a refreshing approach to the study of the city and of its territory, expanded from the perspective of the food system. This book illustrates the impacts of urban planning options on the function of the contemporary Food System of the Lisbon Region, while disclosing its associated urban form solutions. It provides a possible methodology for the reading of the food system based on an analysis of planning instruments and their morphological outcomes, both in the territory but also on the various built forms which have resulted over time. A key focus of the atlas is exploring how planning has regulated the evolution of the Lisbon Region since the 20th century and its implications on the food system. The atlas results from an exhaustive survey and research work conducted in Lisbon Metropolitan Area for a research project, SPLACH - Spatial Planning for Change, for the past 3 years, in terms of the analysis of its Food System and Urban Planning, aiming to inform the delineation of planning strategies towards a sustainable urban environment. It is an important reference for planners, architects, planning and architecture students as well as municipal technicians and the general public, as it provides a refreshing and useful source of information to support further readings about the food system and its relations to urban planning instruments and urban form solutions. Furthermore, it builds a contemporary reading about possible solutions to promote a sustainable transition of the current food systems, while enhancing the strategic role of planning and urban form.

Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Sociology - Habitation, Urban Sociology, grade: MA, University of Pennsylvania, course: Urban studies, language: English, abstract: The processes of globalization, taking place at the present stage of social development, have led to profound social changes. Institutes and values, stereotypes of economic and social behavior of different population groups are changing. Qualitative changes in social conditions had an impact primarily on socio-economic processes in cities, on the rhythm, style, and lifestyle of the urban population. Economic, social, and political transformations in modern society have received the most pronounced territorial dimension, affecting primarily the cities that are the locomotives of these transformations.In the US, historically developed cities have a clear and compact layout, a mixed character of building-up due to the geographical, transport, and economic factors of the time. However, in the last sixty years, a completely different model of development has appeared. Cities began to grow along the highways and around urban and rural centers due to the appearance of a large number of private cars, cheap fuel, inexpensive land and growing prosperity. Housing construction with low population density began to threaten agricultural lands and damage open spaces, raise public services costs, and encourage people to leave large cities. All this has led to traffic jams on the roads, degradation of environmental and quality of life. Such a model of settlement could arise due to the current town-planning norms of zoning of the territory, which separates residential development from workplaces, shops, and schools. These norms put car drivers in a predominant position in relation to pedestrians.

Die Wohnungsfrage wird in politischen Debatten häufig als (eine oder gar die) neue soziale Frage bezeichnet. Zu einer Zuspitzung der wohnungspolitischen Herausforderungen hierzulande kam es, weil vor etwa zehn Jahren der Anstieg der großstädtischen Immobilienpreise und Mieten an Fahrt aufgenommen hat - eine Entwicklung, die ökonomisch vor allem auf den Engpassfaktor Boden zurückzuführen ist.In Form steigender Immobilienwerte und steigender Wohnungsmieten sind Wertzuwächse des urbanen Bodens zu einem wichtigen Faktor wirtschaftlicher Ungleichheit geworden. Hinzu kommen sozialökologische Zielkonflikte, zum Beispiel ein "trade-off" zwischen bezahlbarem Wohnraum für alle und dem Ziel, die Flächenversiegelung zu begrenzen. Von hoher ökonomischer Bedeutung sind die Bodenpreise aber auch für finanzielle Instabilität und für die Vermögensverteilung. Das DIW-Vierteljahrsheft 1-2022 beleuchtet diese Problemlagen und die mit ihnen verbundenen gesellschaftlichen Konflikte aus den Perspektiven verschiedener wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Fächer und benachbarter Disziplinen. Durch die Zusammenstellung von Sichtweisen aus unterschiedlichen Blickpunkten entsteht ein plastisches Bild der wirtschafts- und gesellschaftspolitischen Herausforderungen, die mit städtischem Boden verbunden sind.

This book explores the growing spatial inequality in contemporary cities, and the opportunity of reframing the role of public open space as a tool of inclusion in a context of an increasing economic gap between the urban poor and rich. The first part outlines the geographical and theoretical frames of reference, which are then tested in the analysis of a case study: Cape Town. This city in South Africa was selected since its spatial aspects of separation are particularly evident due to the legacy of both apartheid and modernism. The examination of the policies of the City of Cape Town confirms the rising attention to public space since the 1990s. This slow progress of desegregation is tested through a critical study of one of the most disadvantaged areas of the city, Khayelitsha. The book explores the relevance and impact of an urban-design project, and reframes the role of public open space not only as a tool for restructuring the apartheid city, but also for reinterpreting other fragmented contemporary cities.

Around 1900, Buffalo was a happening place. It was America's eighth-largest city and the world's sixth largest port. Buffalo was the world's first city lit with electricity. Famous architects like Frederick Law Olmsted and Frank Lloyd Wright did some of their best work here. Buffalo hosted a World's Fair featuring buildings illuminated by Thomas Edison. And so much more. By 2000 the city's population was falling, the economy stagnant, the region's reputation stained by racism and poverty, and jokes about the area's weather became a frequent target of nightly talk shows. So what happened? Recently, it's been easy to find positive signs of a change: waterfront development, medical campus construction, new business expansion and startups, and an uptick in population and employment. But how well are we really doing? Buffalo Niagara could arguably have the biggest gap of any metropolis in America between what it could be and what it is today. Can the region ever be great again? Buffalo Niagara: Diagnosis & Prescription for Change starts by taking a look at the status of the region that goes beyond just new construction. It then examines in unvarnished detail the major causes and forces that caused the region's decline. And the book ends by offering a prescription for change that could once again make Buffalo one of the most progressive cities on the planet. Buffalo Niagara: Diagnosis & Prescription for Change is a tool and a road map for all those who love Western New York and are willing to help make a positive difference.

This book investigates resource-constrained environments in the tropics and subtropics where people's lives and businesses are affected, and adaptations occur periodically. Constrained environments are unique territories characterised by challenging circumstances, limited land and natural resources. They can be places with a small municipal boundary or cities in which parts around them may be consumed by ocean, bay or mountains. Those places face hard physical boundaries like coastlines and mountains, which in addition to policy decisions that may limit height or density, can also serve to limit capacity for expansion. Successful communities and businesses tend to survive in a changing environment given their strong intuitive and forward-looking adaptations.This book delves into the role of urban planning and design in the promotion of business and adaptations of people and communities. Additionally, the focus takes into account impact analysis and the effects of an expanding populations, including growing migrant flows, and business needs on the built environment of land-constrained territories

Image Cities takes us on a journey through cities the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranks highest according to their degree of "global interconnectedness." We find them in a process of transformation concealed behind dummy façades onto which a sense of heightened anticipation has been projected.It would be tempting to read these photographs as a polemic against the triumph of consumerism and a slowly numbing global visual-economic order that wraps itself around whatever once felt local and civic. Samoylova's photography is full of masterful refinements of the existing clichés of urban photography: Citizens dwarfed by giant images. Faces and bodies refracted through glass. The Pop-Cubism of visual bricolage. The minuscule human figures that stroll seemingly indifferent through city space while being at least partly somewhere else in their imaginations¿their existence already a collage of places and times. Yet, Samoylova consciously engages with cliché, takes it apart and reassembles it, gambling that it can be taken to a level of pictorial sophistication that eludes any simple argument or statement. Instead, she invites us to reflect on photography's role in the creation of a gap between these citie's brand identity and their everyday reality.ANASTASIA SAMOYLOVA (*1984) grew up in Moscow. In 2008 she moved to the United States, where she graduated with a master's degree of Interdisciplinary Art from Bradley University, Illinois. Her work explores the tension between the staged perception of a bombastic materialism and reality. Living and working in Miami, Florida has become the backdrop for her combination of collage-like details with the genre of the road trip. Her recent series Flood Zones and Floridas have received great critical acclaim.

This book provides a systematic and multifaceted overview of urban wellbeing. It explores the characteristics and complexities of urban wellbeing of lower and middle classes in Asian megacities.