Økonomisk historie

Obdachlose gehören zum städtischen Alltag. Sie sind sichtbar und werden zugleich kaum wahrgenommen. Nadine Recktenwald blickt in die historischen Räume der Obdachlosen wie Asyle, Notunterkünfte und selbstangeeignete Orte. Sie untersucht deren Erfahrungen mit urbanen Strukturen, sozialstaatlichen Maßnahmen und gesellschaftlicher In- und Exklusion. In der Weimarer Republik profitierten Obdachlose erstmals von kommunaler Sozialfürsorge. Zugleich blieb Obdachlosigkeit bis 1974 ein Straftatbestand. Diese Ambivalenz zwischen Fürsorge und Strafe ermöglichte Handlungsspielräume für die Betroffenen ebenso wie für die staatlichen Akteure. Insbesondere aber nicht nur im Nationalsozialismus wurden Obdachlose verdrängt und verfolgt. Mit einem raumanalytischen Ansatz, umfangreichen Quellen und Einzelbiografien erforscht die Autorin, wie Obdachlose spezifische soziale Praktiken ausbildeten, um ihre gesellschaftliche Position zu beeinflussen. Eindrucksvoll zeigt sie die Interaktionen der Betroffenen untereinander ebenso wie mit Ämtern, der Justiz und den städtischen Öffentlichkeiten. Eine aufschlussreiche Sozial- und Stadtgeschichte der Obdachlosen in der Weimarer Republik, im Nationalsozialismus und in der Bundesrepublik.

This book offers a novel explanation of the transformation of London¿s transport from a free market to a public corporation rooted in social and political legitimacy rather than economic rationality. To become a single corporation London Transport first had to gain a ¿social licence¿ to operate, and this book explains how and why. It considers how a revolution in data gathering during this period helped to justify the transition to a central, unified provider, while also investigating how reputational damage to key figures in the transport industry jeopardized the political and social legitimacy needed to manage public corporation on a large scale. The book combines archival research with academic insights from theories of legitimacy, statistical accounting and scientific management to explore how the employment of statistical information combined with skilful media repositioning allowed a new generation of figureheads in the transport business to emerge as honest, professional, and patriotic, making them suitable business leaders of a transport monopoly in London after 1933. This account of events combines the concepts of trust in numbers and trust in character to produce a wide-ranging, qualitative historical account of the creation a major public monopoly. It will be of interest to students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including business and management history, transport policy, management and organization studies, public administration and public sector studies.

Angesichts einer fortschreitenden Urbanisierung und der ungeheuren Erfolgsgeschichte der Siedlungsform "Stadt" wird selten die paradoxe Kehrseite dieser Geschichte in den Blick genommen. Seit 5000 Jahren steht der Entstehung von Städten ihr Untergang gegenüber. Verlassene Städte sind ein geradezu allgegenwärtiges Phänomen aller Zeiten und Regionen. Die in den Band versammelten Aufsätze unterschiedlicher Disziplinen beschreiben, wie von der Antike bis in die aktuelle Zeitgeschichte Stadtruinen wahrgenommen wurden. Ihre Interpretation, Instrumentalisierung und symbolische wie inhaltliche Aufladung verrät sehr viel über die Kulturen, in denen diese Prozesse zu beobachten sind. In einem faszinierenden Spektrum, das vom antiken Nahen Osten, Kleinasien und Italien über das präkolumbianische Nordamerika und Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in den heutigen Oman, Palästina, die Mongolei, die USA oder nach Osteuropa reicht, wird die vielfältige Deutung von Ruinen und ihre Rolle in politischen, kulturellen und sozialen Verständigungen und Kontroversen thematisiert. Verlassene Städte erweisen sich auf diese Weise als ein zentrales und äußerst fruchtbares Thema der Kultur-, Kunst- und politischen Geschichte.

Striding explores the modernization process by outlining the economics of agriculture, growth theories of economic development, and problems with growth.During the last century, policy makers and the public acquired a considerable interest in economics. As a result, this heightened awareness enhanced the well-being of society.In 1969, the Nobel Foundation initiated the new prize category of economic sciences and started awarding the prize annually. At the forefront of their field, prize winners have introduced many innovative ideas. Moreover, an evaluation of their ideas reveals valuable nuggets to enrich the professional lives of non-economists.Drawing on publications written by the Laureates, Striding with Economic Giants presents the essence of their thoughts in easy-to-understand concepts for the business and academic communities. This book is perfect for business executives, public policy makers, and economics students.It describes logic and experimental frameworks in mathematics, econometrics, behavior modeling, and game theory. Next, Striding presents microeconomic contributions, including production theory, theory of institutions, fundamental ideas of markets, and consumerism. Then, it reviews financial theory in capital markets, portfolio choice, and asset pricing.The book spotlights contributions to the rule of law, public administration, and political science. It also highlights a growing understanding of human capital by tracing demographic trends and describing health, education, minority, and labor economics. Enhancements to macroeconomic theory are featured in economic mechanisms and cycles, managing the economy, and policy making.Striding explores the modernization process by outlining the economics of agriculture, growth theories of economic development, and problems with growth. It illustrates contributions to international economics in trade, finance, and global public policy. Finally, the book showcases contributions to social justice in social equality, income redistribution, and climate change.

In 1979, Margaret Thatcher's new government was faced with rampant double-digit inflation, rising unemployment and flatlining economic growth. In response, Thatcher pursued an economic policy which rejected the old orthodoxies and was promoted by only a minority of economists: a policy based on the doctrine of monetarism. Tim Lankester was the private secretary for economic affairs to Thatcher during the early years of her government. His insider's account explains her attitudes and decisions and those of the other main players in this deeply damaging experiment in economic policy making, which promised much but completely failed to deliver. Offering fascinating insights into one of the most unsuccessful episodes of British economic history, he also examines the legacy of monetarism for the economy today.

"Offers a detailed history of Cape wine from the late nineteenth century to the present, exposing how race has shaped patterns of consumption through statistics, marketing and advertising materials. Considers how regulation of the industry arose, why it failed, and what the impact of this has been locally and globally"--

From the workings of financial markets to our response to the ecological crisis, economic theory shapes the world. But where do these ideas come from? Ricardo's Dream tells the fascinating story of David Ricardo, Adam Smith's only real rival as the 'founder of economics'. The wealthiest stock trader of his day, Ricardo introduced the study of abstract models to economics. He also developed the theory of trade that underpinned globalization and hides, behind its mathematical facade, a history of power, empire, and slavery. Brimming with fresh ideas and stories, Ricardo's Dream shows how too many economists, from Ricardo's day to our own, have turned away from observing the real world and led us astray.

Economics is a discipline fundamentally concerned with effective coordination. In that way, its main concerns are very close to those of governance. Economics, like governance, has evolved considerably over the last half century. This book is a very modest attempt at gauging the relative importance of this tsunami and the way in which it might indicate what will be its future. A Future for Economics proposes the reflections on this general theme by eight senior members of the economics profession who have all taught at some time in the Department of Economics at Carleton University in Ottawa a department that has always been known for its intellectual temerity and for its interest in extending the scope of economics beyond its traditional boundaries. The Carleton sample of economists who share their views here have practiced in different sub-fields of economics, and have chosen to articulate their views and experiences in very different ways. But their collective experience reflects a broad exposure to the ways in which the discipline has evolved both in academic circles and in the various organizations and institutions where they have practiced their profession in Canada and abroad.

The publication offers cutting-edge practice and research-based reflections on both the models and tools of development of contemporary managers and relevant future trends. The readers are presented with insights covering topics ranging from philosophical ideas, through physiological markers.

The Wealth of Nations offers one of the world's first connected accounts of what builds nations' wealth, and has become a fundamental work in classical economics.It influenced a number of authors and economists, as well as governments and organizations. Alexander Hamilton was influenced in part by The Wealth of Nations to write his Report on Manufactures, in which he argued against many of Smith's policies. Interestingly, Hamilton based much of this report on the ideas of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, and it was, in part, Colbert's ideas that Smith responded to with The Wealth of Nations. Many other authors were influenced by the book and used it as a starting point in their own work, including Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and, later, Ludwig von Mises.The Wealth of Nations was the product of seventeen years of notes and earlier studies, as well as an observation of conversation among economists of the time concerning economic and societal conditions during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and it took Smith some ten years to produce. It provided the foundation for economists, politicians, mathematicians, and thinkers of all fields to build upon. Irrespective of historical influence, The Wealth of Nations represented a clear paradigm shift in the field of economics, comparable to what Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason was for philosophy.

This collection of short stories captures the experiences, struggles, challenges, and views of the working class in Caribbean and Latin American countries. The short stories are an attempt to present the voices on the fringe¿the marginalized and forgotten. The uniqueness of the book lies in the stories transcending language and geographical barriers. This is evident as the stories are based in different countries, including Martinique, Mexico, Honduras, Barbados, Guyana, Cuba, Belize, St. Vincent, Suriname, and Haiti.Folklore, superstition, humor, and local dialects are interwoven in these fictional accounts. These lively stories explore the themes of culture, superstition, sport, religion, love, gender, morals, ethnicity, class, and politics. For most of the stories, the setting in the rural areas of the Caribbean is a deliberate attempt to delve into the unique atmosphere that influences decisions and lifestyles. The characters display resilience, ingenuity, and attempt to understand their conditions, status, and society.

This book explores the functioning of coal markets and their influence on ports and maritime economics since the second half of the nineteenth century. Each chapter includes case studies from different parts of the world, explaining the role played by coal in the expansion of the shipping industry. This book also explores regions usually neglected by the mainstream scholarly literature in this field. The relationship between steam engine technology and imperial expansion, how the emergence of global security was driven by maritime technological revolutions, and the connection between global seaports and the spread of global economic and political systems are also discussed.This book aims to highlight the important role seaports and fuel markets played in the evolution of international commercial flows and activities. Fuelling the World Economy will be useful for historians, economists, and geographers interested in maritime and energyissues, as well as researchers interested in transport and technology.

This book covers the creative work of Uzbek artists. The author of the book is Gulsevar Ismatova. The purpose of publishing the book is to introduce the youth of Uzbekistan to the whole world. If we publish such anthologies, the potential, place and status of Uzbek youth in the world would increase. This book includes poems, stories and articles. In a word, this book is written with the heartfelt expressions of Uzbek youth.

Bogen giver en beskrivelse af danske finanskriser fra 1311 til 2000. Detanalyseres, hvordan kriserne har haft betydning for blandt andet danskpolitik og økonomi, og der ses på krisernes årsager. Bind I omhandlerperioden fra 1311 til 1913 og indeholder herudover et indledende kapitelmed afklaring af begreber. Bind II ser på tiden fra 1. verdenskrigsudbrud i 1914 til 1979. Bind III beskriver perioden fra 1980 til 2000. Ibind III er der også en oversigt over udenlandske kriser, og der dragesFinn Østrup er cand.polit. fra 1976 og blev dr.merc. konklusioner på baggrund af den samlede række af kriser i Danmark.

Esta es una nueva edición española del libro que se publicó por primera vez en 1989, con un nuevo Prefacio y Prólogo

This is a revised guide of Alun John Richards'' Gazetteer of Slate Quarrying in Wales of 2007, itself a revision of his first one published in 1991. The guide does not purport to be totally complete although as complete as possible with 769 entries.

Examines the evolution of Turkey's industrial policies in a global context over the last century.

This book reveals a great deal about the attempts, and failures, of the French absolutist monarchy to stimulate commerce, colonial enterprise and economic growth, and how these attempts and failures contrasted with the successes of Amsterdam and London.

This book brings under a magnifying glass a little explored, but significant topic - the communications changes of the National Bank of Romania after 2008. Given the similarities and differences between central banks' mechanisms and practices adopted, its applicability and impact for other actors are incontestable. The research incorporates valuable details on how the National Bank of Romania's communication changed during the Great Recession of 2008, as well as insightful data about the way in which different categories of public and media perceived this change. The timeliness and significance of this research are noticeable as the central banks already entered a new era of communication challenges triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic and recently by the Russia - Ukraine war. Lessons from the past can contribute to what researchers name the second revolution in communication, focusing on opening the central banks to the public and regaining trust, especially in such a difficult period.

When a man is blessed then the four signs should be noticed in his life: Fruitfulness, Multiplication of his descendants and Resources, Subduing the earth and taking dominion of things of the earth. There are various ways that one can get blessings but from One God, One faith, One baptism and His love. Almighty God is the epicenter of all blessings and the blessings are integral, they complement each other. Such physical and spiritual prosperity are: Blessings of Obedience, Blessings of Righteousness, Covenant Blessings, Parental Blessings, Blessings of Wisdom, Blessings of Supporting the needy, Ministerial Blessings, Blessings of Anointing, Blessings from Children, Blessings of siblings, Blessings of Fellowship and finally Blessings of seeking the Kingdom of God.

Art and intelligence are two important factors in the age of artificial intelligence. Any artistic product pertaining to human creativity should stay in creatively human conditions. Artistic contexts are the bridge between the artistic soul and the outside environment. It is a mixture, a careful one, of psychology and other fields of human sciences. Once conditioned by an idea, the mind, and subsequently the human brain, responds automatically. It has been trained unconsciously to react instead of act. Human Automation. Humans have been trained to learn deeply, and so do robots. They have been circuitously wired to learn deeply in order to outdo human beings at all cognitive levels. They have demonstrated a great readiness for learning, outmoding any being on earth or in the interstellar system. Their food is data, and their language is automation.

This manual book contains information about writing, one of the most important parts of the IELTS system. As we know, the writing part is evaluated based on 4 criteria. There are also 2 types of writing. Writing task 1 and Writing task 2. Each task is also divided into certain types. There are certain rules for writing each type. This guide contains detailed information about the Writing types. This guide details how to score well in Writing.The authors recommend the book for every language learner.

Some innovators are luminous shooting stars--think Pablo Picasso, Albert Einstein, Sylvia Plath, Bob Dylan, Steve Jobs--who make bold leaps early and suddenly, then lose their creativity. Others are late bloomers--Paul Cezanne, Charles Darwin, Virginia Woolf, Alfred Hitchcock, Warren Buffett--who show little early promise, but spend long periods doggedly pursing distant goals, and attain greatness in old age. By analyzing the careers of scores of great innovators, this book reveals systematic differences in the motivations and methods of these two types, and their very different patterns of creativity over the life cycle. The result is a new and deeper unified understanding of the sources of human creativity.

In the public imagination, small and medium-sized family businesses have always been male-dominated organisations, with those headed by women regarded as barely noteworthy exceptions to the rule. These ideas and associations are far from telling the full story; the proportion of women among Germany's self-employed population remained above 20 per cent throughout the twentieth century. A surge of interest in female entrepreneurs among academic researchers and in the political and media spheres has resulted in increasing recognition of their achievements past and present. There nevertheless remains a persistent tendency to overlook the fact that women have always made a vital contribution to the success of family businesses, even where they did not directly handle these companies' business affairs. This volume presents new insights into the diverse roles of women in family businesses, as daughters, wives, mothers, widows and entrepreneurs. Eleven case studies drawn from a range of sectors and eras illuminate the significance of women's influence in family businesses throughout the history of commerce. Bringing together approaches from the history of business, gender, society and culture, the chapters explore women's multi-faceted roles within numerous enterprises in a new and enlightening depth.